Chapter 12 The New Imperialism

Chapter 12The New Imperialism

Section 2 – The Partition of Africa

Section 2 – The Partition of AfricaSetting the Scene: In the late 1800s, Britain, France, Germany, and other European powers swept into Africa. Chief Machemba of the Yao people in East Africa wrote in Swahili to a German officer:"If it be friendship that you desire, then I am ready for it... but to be your subject, that I cannot be. ... I do not fall at your feet, for you are God's creature just as I am."Though the Yao and others resisted, they could not prevent European conquest. Within about 20 years, the Europeans had carved up the continent and dominated millions of Africans.

I. Africa in the Early 1800sIn the early 1800s African people spoke hundreds of languages and had developed varied governments

Detail which "shows the appropriate territorial boundaries of the various tribes and nations" of Africa

I. Africa in the Early 1800s

North Africa had close ties to the Muslim world and was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire

I. Africa in the Early 1800sIn West Africa Islamic leaders like Usman dan Fodio preached jihad and several new Muslim states arose

Languages of West Africa

I. Africa in the Early 1800s

East Africa was Islamic and port cities like Mombasa and Kilwa carried on profitable trade

I. Africa in the Early 1800sIn Southern Africa the Zulu nation under Shaka was battling the Boers and conquering other peoples

I. Africa in the Early 1800s

The British organized Sierra Leone for freed slaves and free blacks from the United States settled in nearby Liberia

II. European Contacts Increase

In the early 1800s, European explorers like Mungo Park and Richard Burton began pushing into the interior of Africa

II. European Contacts Increase

Catholic and Protestant missionaries followed the explorers, seeking to win people to Christianity

II. European Contacts Increase

The best known explorer-missionary was Dr. David Livingstone, who spent 30 years exploring Africa

III. A Scramble for Colonies

When King Leopold II of Belgium arranged African trade treaties, other European nations began making claims

III. A Scramble for ColoniesIn 1884, European powers met in Berlin, Germany to divide-up Africa

III. A Scramble for ColoniesThey redrew the map of Africa without regard for traditional patterns of settlement or ethnic boundaries

III. A Scramble for Colonies

France took a giant share of North, West and Central Africa

III. A Scramble for ColoniesBritain took chunks of West and East Africa, including Egypt, Sudan and South Africa

III. A Scramble for ColoniesPortugal, Italy, and Germany also claimed colonies throughout Africa

IV. Africans Resist ImperialismEuropeans met fierce armed resistance across the continent, but only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent

IV. Africans Resist ImperialismBy the early 1900s, African leaders were building nationalist movements to pursue independence