Chapter 11, Section 5 Chapter 11, Section 5 and and Chapter 13, Sections 3-5 Chapter 13, Sections 3-5 Totalitarian Totalitarian ism ism Review Review
Jan 16, 2016
Chapter 11, Section 5Chapter 11, Section 5andand
Chapter 13, Sections 3-5Chapter 13, Sections 3-5
TotalitarianiTotalitarianismsm
ReviewReview
Totalitarianism Control over every aspect of public and
private life
Propaganda (the attempt at changing a person’s attitude toward a cause or a position) was a tool used in Totalitarianism.
Freedoms of speech, press, and assembly are usually taken away.
Fascism
Promised to revive the economy, restore order, and was about national pride.
“The Dictatorship of the Proletariat” became a tyrannical dictatorship of individuals who would use all means, including Gulags, to maintain their power
CommunismThe Communist Manifesto is
a short pamphlet urging the working class to revolt against factory owners during the Industrial Revolution.
Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin took ideas from this pamphlet and created a Communist state in Russia (Soviet Union).
Some liken this to socialism.
Results of World War I(1914-1918)
The Treaty of Versailles contained provisions that contributed to political (blaming Germany for WWI) and economic (Germany’s reparations) problems of Europe.
Disillusionment led to Totalitarianism being embraced (Fascism)
Connection between WWI and the Russian Revolution
Losses of WWI helped trigger the revolution
Prior to the Revolution
terrible working conditions with low wages
child labor and large gap between the rich and poor
authoritarian ruling party
Revolutionary Effects The March Revolution and the Bolshevik
Revolution of 1917 included – withdrawing from WWI (peace with Germany via
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)• Food shortages• Lenin insisted on ending involvement
– Civil War (1918-1920)• Slogan: Peace, Land, and Bread
– Lenin and Bolsheviks gaining control of the government
• Widespread support
Lenin in Power
Stayed OUT of WWI Tackled inherited problems Signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Redistributed farms to peasants
Lenin’s Death creates Power Struggle
Joseph Stalin, the General Secretary of the Communist Party, rose to the top (against Lenin’s wishes)
Stalin used terror tactics “Great Purge” of 1934-39
– Millions of deaths• Revolution resisters
• Anyone threatening Stalin’s power
• Bolshevik helpers
Stalin’s Tactics
Get rid of competition Limit individual freedoms (censorship) Intimidation and repression (police terror) Propaganda and slogans (indoctrination)
– Credited with transforming the Soviet Union into a completely totalitarian state.
Similar to rule under czars because both established authoritarian form of government.
Collective Farms(not quite what peasants expected)
Hundreds of families forced to supply food for the state
Economic reform Promoted by Stalin Resulted in the deaths of millions of
peasants
Socialist Realism
Works of art showing how great is was to live under communist rule.
Russia under Stalin Government owned industry and
production Goal of economic equality Human rights limited Stalin controlled economics, private lives,
and the government 5 Year Plan to build up heavy industry
1920s Advances
Radioactivity (Madame Curie) Theory of Relativity (Einstein) Penicillin (Alexander Fleming)
1920s Crash
Stock Market crash of 1929 effects became known as The Great Depression
European countries felt effect because many depended on American prosperity
Benito Mussolini Created the Fascist Party in
1919 Came to power when he forced
his appointment as Prime Minister (March on Rome)
Ruled Italy from 1922 until 1944
Became involved in WWII when he invaded Ethiopia and then allied with GermanyWanted to restore
Italy to the glory days of the Roman Empire
Mussolini’s Rule
Abolished democracy Organized a secret police force (Black
Shirts) Censored radio and publications
Adolf Hitler Wrote the book Mein Kampf
(propaganda) while in jail – His blueprint for a new Europe,
and talked about the extermination of all Jews.
Came to power through free elections– People resented economic crisis
Began WWII when he invaded Poland September 1, 1939Ruled Germany 1933 to 1945
Believed in supreme nature of the Aryan or Germanic races
Why Nazis? Worldwide economic depression of the
1930s Appeal of Hitler (great public speaker) Dissatisfaction with the Versailles Treaty Unemployed Germans were given hope
by their nationalistic message and wanted to blame others for their problems
Hitler’s Rule Promised to return Germany to greatness German Fascism =Nazism Dictatorship (Der Fuhrer) Banned all political parties except Nazis Turned the press, radio, literature, painting,
and film into propaganda tools Created the SS that murdered Hitler’s
enemies
Hitler’s Germany
Nazis blamed Jews as scapegoats for all of Germany’s troubles since WWI
Passed laws depriving Jews of their rights (Nuremburg Laws)
Initiated violent attacks against Jews (Kristallnacht)
Francisco Franco Francisco Franco
Dictator of Spain: 1936-1975
After he gained power:– Oppressed his
enemies– Faced a starving
nation
Franco’s Rule
Created a dictatorship Known as El Caudillo Turned the press, radio, literature, painting,
and film into propaganda tools
Civil War Erupts in SpainCivil War Erupts in Spain
Republicans overthrow monarchy.
1936- Fascist Francisco Francisco Franco Franco raises army to take control of govt.
Hitler & Mussolini send troops, tanks, airplanes to Franco’s troops NATIONALISTS.NATIONALISTS.
1939- Franco becomes dictator.
Dictator ComparisonsDifferences Stalin was
Communist Mussolini, Hitler,
and Stalin banned churches– Franco revitalized
the Catholic Church
Similarities Mussolini, Hitler, and Franco were
Fascist All four dictators
– rebuilt the economy– Censored all opposition– Limited art movements– Absolute power over the country
Soviets and Nazis had electoral majority support
Stalin, Hitler, and Mussolini had youth programs to increase nationalism and loyalty to the state