Chapter 10

Chapter 10

Transmission Service

By Dr.Sukchatri P.

Contents

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• Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

• X.25• Frame Relay• ATM• SONET/SDH

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ISDN Services

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Voice Communication over an Analog Telephone Network

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Voice and Data Communication over an Analog Telephone Network

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Analog and Digital Services over the Telephone Network

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IDN

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ISDN

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BRI

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PRI

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Functional Grouping

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Reference Points

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ISDN Layers

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Simplified Layers of ISDN

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BRI Interfaces

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S Interface

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2B/1Q Encoding

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BRI Frame

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BRITopology

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PRI Interfaces

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PRI Frame

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LAPD Address Field

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Network Layer Packet Format

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Call Reference Field

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Information Elements

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Information Element Types

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Addressing in ISDN

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Bit Rates for Different Applications

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B-ISDN Services

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B-ISDN Accesses

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X.25

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X.25

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X.25 Layers in Relation to the OSI Layers

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Format of a Frame

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Addressing at the Frame Layer

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Three Phases of the

Frame Layer

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Frame Layer and Packet Layer Domains

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Virtual Circuits in X.25

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LCNs in X.25

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LCN Assignments

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PLP Packet Format

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Categories of PLP Packets

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Data Packets in the PLP Layer

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RR, RNR, and REJ Packets

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Other Control Packets

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Control Packet Formats

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X.25 Address Format

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Triple-X Protocols

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Frame Relay

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Frame Relay versus Pure Mesh T-Line Network

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Fixed-Rate versus Bursty Data

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X.25 Traffic

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Frame Relay Traffic

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Frame Relay Network

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DLCIs

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PVC DLCIs

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SVC Setup and Release

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SVC DLCIs

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DLCIs Inside a Network

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Frame Relay Switch

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Frame Relay Layers

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Comparing Layers in Frame Relay and X.25

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Frame Relay Frame

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BECN

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FECN

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Four Cases of Congestion

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LeakyBucket

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A Switch Controlling the Output Rate

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Flowchart for LeakyBucket Algorithm

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Example of Leaky Bucket Algorithm

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Relationship between TrafficControl Attributes

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User Rate in Relation to Bc and Bc + Be

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Three Address Formats

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FRAD

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ATM

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Multiplexing Using Different Packet Sizes

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Multiplexing Using Cells

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ATM Multiplexing

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Architecture of an ATM Network

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TP, VPs, and VCs

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Example of VPs and VCs

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Connection Identifiers

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Virtual Connection Identifiers in UNIs and NNIs

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An ATM Cell

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SVCSetup

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Routing with a VP Switch

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A Conceptual View of a VP Switch

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Routing with a VPC Switch

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A Conceptual View of a VPC Switch

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Crossbar Switch

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Knockout Switch

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A Banyan Switch

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Example of Routing in a Banyan Switch (a)

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Example of Routing in a Banyan Switch (b)

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Batcher-Banyan Switch

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ATM Layers

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ATM Layers in End-Point Devices and Switches

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AAL Types

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AAL1

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AAL3/4

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AAL5

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ATM Layer

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ATM Header

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PT Fields

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Service Classes

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Service Classes and Capacity of Network

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QoS

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Ethernet Switch and ATM Switch

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LANE Approach

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LEC, LES, and BUS

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SONET/SDH

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A SONET System

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An Example of a SONET Network

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SONET Layers

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Device-Layer Relationship in SONET

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Data Encapsulation in SONET

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STS-1 Frame

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STS-1 Frame Overhead

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STS-1 Frame Section Overhead

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STS-1 Frame Line Overhead

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Payload Pointers

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STS-1 Frame Path Overhead

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Virtual Tributaries

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VT Types

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STS-n

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STS Multiplexing

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ATM in an STS-3 Envelope

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Questions/Answers