Chapter 02. Internet

Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World

Discovering Computers 2012

Chapter 2Fundamentals of the World Wide Web and Internet

ObjectivesOverview

DiscusstheevolutionoftheInternet

IdentifyandbrieflydescribevariousbroadbandInternet

connectionsandstatedifferencesbetweenbroadbandInternetconnectionsanddial

upconnections

DescribethetypesofInternetaccessproviders

DescribethepurposeofanIPaddressanditsrelationshiptoa

domainname

ExplainthepurposeofaWebbrowserandidentifythe

componentsofaWebaddress

Describehowtouseasearchenginetosearchfor

informationontheWebanddifferentiatebetweenasearchengineandasubjectdirectory

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter2 2SeePage73forDetailedObjectives

ObjectivesOverview

DescribethetypesofWebsites

ExplainhowWebpagesusegraphics,animation,audio,video,virtualreality,and

plugins

IdentifyandbrieflydescribethestepsrequiredforWeb

publishing

Describethetypesofecommerce

Explainhowemail,mailinglists,instantmessaging,

chatrooms,VoIP,newsgroupsandmessageboards,andFTPwork

Identifytherulesofnetiquette

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter2 3SeePage73forDetailedObjectives

TheInternet

TheInternet isaworldwidecollectionofnetworksthatlinksmillionsofbusinesses,governmentagencies,educationalinstitutions,andindividuals

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter2 4Page74Figure21

EvolutionoftheInternet

TheInternetoriginatedasARPANETinSeptember1969andhadtwomaingoals:

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter2 5Page75

Allowscientistsatdifferentphysicallocationstoshare

informationandworktogether

Functionevenifpartofthenetworkwere

disabledordestroyedbyadisaster


1969ARPANETbecomesfunctional

1984ARPANEThasmorethan1,000

individualcomputerslinkedashosts

1986 NSFconnectsNSFnet to

ARPANETandbecomes

knownastheInternet

1995 NSFNetterminatesitsnetworkonthe

Internetandresumesstatusasresearchnetwork

1996Internet2isfounded

TodayMorethan550

millionhostsconnecttotheInternet

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter2 6Pages75 76


Eachorganizationisresponsibleonlyformaintainingitsownnetwork TheWorldWideWebConsortium(W3C)overseesresearchandsetsguidelinesandstandards

Internet2connectsmorethan200universitiesand115companiesviaahighspeedprivatenetwork



ManyhomeandsmallbusinessusersconnecttotheInternetviahighspeedbroadbandInternetservice


CableInternetservice

DSL

Fibertothe

Premises(FTTP)

Fixedwireless

CellularRadio

NetworkWiFi

SatelliteInternetService


Anaccessprovider isabusinessthatprovidesindividualsandorganizationsaccesstotheInternetfreeorforafee



ISP (Internetservice provider)

RegionalISPsprovideInternet

accesstoaspecificgeographicalarea

NationalISPsprovideInternet

accessincitiesandtownsnationwide

Onlineserviceprovider(OSP)

Hasmanymembersonlyfeatures

PopularOSPsincludeAOL(America

Online)andMSN(MicrosoftNetwork)

WirelessInternetserviceprovider

ProvideswirelessInternetaccesstocomputersandmobiledevices

Mayrequireawirelessmodem



AnIPaddress isanumberthatuniquelyidentifieseachcomputerordeviceconnectedtotheInternet

Adomainname isthetextversionofanIPaddress Topleveldomain(TLD)

ADNSserver translatesthedomainnameintoitsassociatedIPaddress

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter2 12Pages79 80Figure24

TheWorldWideWeb

TheWorldWideWeb,orWeb,consistsofaworldwidecollectionofelectronicdocuments(Webpages)

AWebsite isacollectionofrelatedWebpagesandassociateditems

AWebserver isacomputerthatdeliversrequestedWebpagestoyourcomputer

Web2.0 referstoWebsitesthatprovideameansforuserstointeract


TheWorldWideWeb

AWebbrowser,orbrowser,allowsuserstoaccessWebpagesandWeb2.0programs


InternetExplorer Firefox Opera

Safari GoogleChrome

TheWorldWideWeb


TheWorldWideWeb

AhomepageisthefirstpagethataWebsitedisplays

Webpagesprovidelinks tootherrelatedWebpages SurfingtheWeb

Downloading istheprocessofreceivinginformation


SomeWebpagesaredesignedspecificallyformicrobrowsers

TheWorldWideWeb

AWebpagehasauniqueaddresscalledaURL orWebaddress


TheWorldWideWeb

Tabbedbrowsing allowsyoutoopenandviewmultipleWebpagesinasingleWebbrowserwindow


TheWorldWideWeb

Twotypesofsearchtoolsaresearchenginesandsubjectdirectories


Searchengine

Findsinformationrelatedtoaspecifictopic

Subjectdirectory

ClassifiesWebpagesinan

organizedsetofcategories

TheWorldWideWeb


TheWorldWideWeb

Asearchengineishelpfulinlocatingitemssuchas:


Images Videos Audio Publications

Maps PeopleorBusinesses Blogs

TheWorldWideWeb


TheWorldWideWeb

SomeWebbrowserscontainanInstantSearchboxtoeliminatethestepsofdisplayingthesearchenginesWebpagepriortoenteringthesearchtext


TheWorldWideWeb

Searchoperatorscanhelptorefineyoursearch


TheWorldWideWeb

TherearethirteentypesofWebsites


Portal News Informational Business/Marketing

Blog Wiki OnlineSocialNetwork

Educational

TheWorldWideWeb

Entertainment Advocacy WebApplication

ContentAggregator

Personal


Video:TellYourStoriesviaVlog

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter2 28

CLICKTOSTART

TheWorldWideWeb

InformationpresentedontheWebmustbeevaluatedforaccuracy

NooneoverseesthecontentofWebpages


TheWorldWideWeb

Multimedia referstoanyapplicationthatcombinestextwith:


TheWorldWideWeb

Agraphic isadigitalrepresentationofnontext information

GraphicformatsincludeBMP,GIF,JPEG,PNG,andTIFF


TheWorldWideWeb

Athumbnailisasmallversionofalargergraphic


TheWorldWideWeb

Animation istheappearanceofmotioncreatedbydisplayingaseriesofstillimagesinsequence


TheWorldWideWeb

Audio includesmusic,speech,oranyothersound Compressedtoreducefilesize

Youlistentoaudioonyourcomputerusingaplayer Streaming istheprocessoftransferringdatainacontinuousandevenflow


TheWorldWideWeb


TheWorldWideWeb

Video consistsofimagesdisplayedinmotion


TheWorldWideWeb

Virtualreality (VR)istheuseofcomputerstosimulatearealorimaginedenvironmentthatappearsasathreedimensionalspace


TheWorldWideWeb

Aplugin isaprogramthatextendsthecapabilityofaWebbrowser


TheWorldWideWeb

Webpublishing isthedevelopmentandmaintenanceofWebpages


PlanaWebsite

Analyzeand

designaWebsite

CreateaWebsite

DeployaWebsite

MaintainaWebsite

ECommerce

Ecommerce isabusinesstransactionthatoccursoveranelectronicnetwork Mcommerce identifiesecommercethattakesplaceusingmobiledevices


ECommerce


Ecommerce

Businessto

consumer(B2C)

Consumerto

consumer(C2C)

Businessto

business(B2B)

ECommerce


OtherInternetServices

Email isthetransmissionofmessagesandfilesviaacomputernetwork

Anemailprogramallowsyoutocreate,send,receive,forward,store,print,anddeleteemailmessages



Amailinglist isagroupofemailnamesandaddressesgivenasinglename Subscribing addsyouremailnameandaddress Unsubscribing removesyourname



Instantmessaging(IM)isarealtime Internetcommunicationsservice



Achat isarealtimetypedconversationthattakesplaceonacomputer

Achatroom isalocationonanInternetserverthatpermitsuserstochatwitheachother



VoIP (VoiceoverIP)enablesuserstospeaktootherusersovertheInternet AlsocalledInternettelephony



Anewsgroup isanonlineareainwhichusershavewrittendiscussionsaboutaparticularsubject Typicallyrequiresanewsreader

Amessageboard isaWebbasedtypeofdiscussiongroup



FTP (FileTransferProtocol)isanInternetstandardthatpermitsfileuploading anddownloadingwithothercomputersontheInternet

ManyoperatingsystemsincludeFTPcapabilities AnFTPserverisacomputerthatallowsuserstouploadand/ordownloadfilesusingFTP


Netiquette

Netiquette isthecodeofacceptableInternetbehavior


Summary

HistoryandstructureoftheInternet WorldWideWeb

Browsing,navigating,searching,Webpublishing,andecommerce

OtherInternetservices:email,instant

messaging,chatrooms,VoIP,newsgroupsand

messageboards,andFTP

Rulesofnetiquette


Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World

Discovering Computers 2012

Chapter 2Fundamentals of the World Wide Web and Internet

Chapter2Complete

Chapter 02. Internet

Documents