Chapter 01- Part I Introduction To Multimedia CGMB 234 Multimedia Systems Design.

Chapter 01- Part I

Introduction To Multimedia

CGMB 234Multimedia Systems Design

Objectives

At the end of this chapter, students should be able to: describe the history and development of media, computer

and multimedia systems distinguish between hypertext, hypermedia and multimedia Identify all the multimedia building blocks Distinguish between modalities, channels, medium and

bandwidth state the FOUR (4) characteristics of multimedia system state and describe the multimedia applications and

software tools available

History & Development Of Multimedia

History Of Multimedia

What can we say about the evolution of media that has taken place for thousands of years?

Since the dawn of time, people have had the need to communicate with one another.

This created what we called as communication media.

http://www.december.com/present/mediaev.html

History Of Multimedia

Newspapers (perhaps) the first mass communication medium, which used mostly text, graphics, and images. 1895 Gugliemo Marconi sent his first wireless radio transmission at Pontecchio, Italy. 1901 he detected radio waves beamed across the Atlantic. Initially invented for telegraph, radio is now a major medium for audio broadcasting.

History Of Multimedia

• Television new media for the 20th century.

• It brought video (+audio) and has since changed the world of mass comm.

Some Important Events In Computer History

1945 - Vannevar Bush (1890-1974) wrote about Memex a device in which an individual stores all his books,

records, and communications, and which it is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility

Vannevar Bush

Some Important Events In Computer History

Engelbart

1960s - Ted Nelson started Xanadu project (The Original Hypertext Project)

1968 - Douglas Engelbart demonstrated NLS (oN Line System) - The Debut of The Mouse

1969 - Nelson & Van Dam hypertext editor at Brown University.

1976 - Architecture Machine Group proposal to DARPA: Multiple Media

1985 - Negroponte, Wiesner: opened MIT Media Lab in Boston

1989 - Tim Berners-Lee proposed the World Wide Web to CERN (European Organization For Nuclear Research)

1990 Kristina Hooper Woolsey headed Apple Multimedia Lab, 100 staff,

for education Dec 1990 - Birth of WWW - Tim Berners Lee @ CERN

Some Important Events In Computer History

1993 - U. Illinois National Center for Supercomputing Applications: NCSA Mosaic 1994 – Jim Clark and Marc Andreessen: Netscape 1995 - JAVA language for platform-independent application development. 1998 – XML 1.0 announced as a W3C recommendation 1998 – Handheld MP3 devices (32MB) flash memory 2000 – WWW size estimated over 1 billion pages. 2005 – YouTube were introduced, a video sharing website May 2011 – Justin Bieber - Baby ft. Ludacris - 536,581,973 views on YouTube

Some Important Events In Computer History

Hypertext, Hypermedia & Multimedia

Hypertext text which contains links to other texts and is usually non-linear

Invented by Ted Nelson around 1965 Hypermedia is not constrained to be text-based.

It can include other media, e.g., graphics, images, and continuous media (audio & video).

Apparently, Ted Nelson was also the first to use this term.

The World Wide Web (WWW) is the best example of hypermedia applications.

Hypertext and Hypermedia

Hypertext

Ted Nelson

Hypertext and Hypermedia

HypermediaHypertext

The notion of Multimedia

Consists of two words:

Multi (Latin)= many; much;

Medium (Latin) = An intervening substance through which something is transmitted or carried on.

Multimedia

Multimedia

What is Multimedia? Multimedia means a (usually) interactive

combination of two or more media elements (multimedia building block), such as text, graphics, audio, video and animation integrated using a computer

A multimedia system is a system that supports more than a single type of media.

Multimedia Building Block

Digital environment

USERUSER

Elements of Multimedia

Multimedia has a number of distinct and unique features, including:

Based on Edgar Dale (Cone Of Learning), on average, people remember:

10% of what they read,20% of what they hear,30% of what they see, 50% of what they hear and see, multimedia approach

multimedia rich elements, multi-sensory delivery system can facilitate greater retention of new knowledge

Multimedia Modalities

Modalities are the sensory systems through which a multimedia activity occurs

This includes tactile (touch), gustatory (taste), visual (sight), auditory (hearing), olfactory (smell)

Based on the multimedia elements we have today, only two modalities are regularly used.

Multimedia Channels

Channels can be understood as existing within a modality.

For example, with the auditory modality, we have different channels for noises, speech and music.

With the visual modality, we have different channels for words, pictures and movies.

Regularly Used Modalities & Channels

Modalities

Visual

Words Pictures Movies

Auditory

Noises Speech MusicChannels

Modalities

Multimedia Channels

Bandwidth is a concept of how much information can be carried by a certain channel within a certain modality.

For example, we can read at the rate of 150 words per minute which is the ‘printed text’ channel within the ‘visual’ modality.

Much like your modem, you are unlikely to reach the theoretical maximum bandwidth of your channel within any modality, in practice.

Multimedia Channels

The reason for this discrepancy in practice is because in theory, we assume a perfect encoder and decoder.

For example, English text ‘encoded’ on a page and the English language ‘decoder’ in someone’s head is assumed to be perfectly compatible.

In reality, however, it is highly dependent on the education level of the reader, the nature of the text information presented and many other factors.

Multimedia ‘Medium’

A medium can be understood as a set of co-ordinated channels, spanning one or more modalities, which have come to be referred to as a unitary whole, and which possess a cross-channel language of interpretation.

Examples include a television show, which typically uses the auditory and visual modalities; and picture, written text, speech and music channels.

Multimedia ‘Medium’

What is meant by a ‘cross-channel language of interpretation’ is that there must be some form of relationship between the channels.

Take the TV show, for example. The moving pictures and sound are closely

related. In combination, they provide a clearer

message than when alone.

Digital Media Revolution

Digital camcorders, cameras, MP3 players but also location sensors, speech, gestures, etc.

Digital media enables new forms of expression inform, educate, entertain, provoke, etc. multi-sensory, emphasizes temporal over spatial

Digital media places the power of mega production studios at the fingertips of the user record, edit, process, play, and share digital media profound social, cultural, educational, technological, and

communicative impact – its just now beginning

Multimedia Requires

Multiple media Combination of two or more media of which at least one is a

discrete medium such as text and image and one is a continuous medium such as audio and video

Coordination temporal or spatial

Interactionuser exercises control

Overlapping Technologies

Different branches of multimedia grow together because of new, upcoming multimedia technology and applications.

Two challenges lie ahead:Timing requirements (synchronization etc.) Integration requirements (of different media

types)

Where’s the Action in Multimedia?

Enable amateurs to take pictures and shoot video like the pros

Interfaces for organizing, retrieving, and accessing large collections of content

Capturing and sharing experiences Multi-source/multi-party collaborative systems 3D media P2P Streaming (IPTV)

Multimedia System Characteristics

Multimedia systems must be computer controlled.

All multimedia components are integrated. The interface to the final user may permit

interactivity. Information must be represented digitally.