Chap 8 Periodic-table

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CHAP 8:

PERIODIC TABLE

CHECKPOINT 3


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Variety

There are millions of substancesin the world.

All these s!stan"es are made from a!ot 100

different !ildin# !lo"ks "alled elements.

These elements take a h#e $ariety of forms%

to nrea"ti$emetals like

#old

To the air

we !reathe

&rom 'oison

#ases like

"hlorine

&rom rea"ti$e

metals like

sodim


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(ro'erties of )lements

The word PROPERTIESPROPERTIESmeans* what the substance islike.

&or e+am'le* here are some propertiesof sodim%

,-etalli"

,i#hly rea"ti$e

,/olid !t melts easily

,Low density light)

t wold !e really sefl to !e a!le to predictpropertiesof elements instead of ha$in# to remem!er them


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A. Dmitri Mendeleev

Dmitri Mendeleev 149* ssian6

ntrod"ed the periodic table

7r#ani8ed elements !y

in"reasin# atomic mass.

e "alled this the periodic law


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B. Henry Mosely

Henry Mosely 1913* British6

m'ro$ed the periodic table

7r#ani8ed elements !y

in"reasin# atomic number.


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Lets hear the periodic table song!


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1. You've got Your Periods...

All of the rows go left

to right.

)a"h of the rows is a

different period


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Periods = Horizontal Rows

ow many 'eriods are there

ow are the elements arran#ed from left to ri#ht

ow many ele"tron shells or or!itals6 are there for

ea"h 'eriod

a6 (eriod 1%

!6 (eriod 2%

"6 (eriod 3%d6 (eriod C%


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2. You've got Your Groups...

:olmn #oes from topto bottom

)a"h of the "olmn is a

different group


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Groups = Vertical columns

ow many "olmns are there

ow are the elements arran#ed from to' to

!ottom

ow many ele"trons are there in the otermost

shells or or!itals6 , valence electrons

a6 :olmn 1%

!6 :olmn 2%"6 :olmn 3%

d6 :olmn C%



PERIODS

Horizont! "o#s $ Periods

%"& Increasing

proton nu(er )ore!e*trons+

%"& Same nu(er o,

e!e*tron s-e!!s

GROUPS

erti*! *o!uns 1/ Groups

T0& Increasing

nu(er o, e!e*trons-e!!s

T0& Same nu(er o,

e!e*trons in t-e outer

s-e!!

$0RD 4 +R5$



(ro'erties of )lements

The word PROPERTIESPROPERTIESmeans* what thesubstance is like.

t wold !e really sefl to !e a!le to predictpropertiesof elements instead of ha$in# to

remem!er them

The physicaland chemical properties of elementsare affe"ted !y%

, %umberof ele"trons in the atom, /rrangementof ele"trons in the atom



PHYSIL PROPER"IES

# atomic si$e %radi&s'# metallic propert(

# state o) matter



HE*IL PROPER"IES# acidit( + al,alinit( propert(


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PHYSIL PROPER"IES# densit(

# melting point - boiling point



HE*IL PROPER"IES# react .ith .ater

# react .ith o/(gen


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/lkali metals 6+roup 17 react with water


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/lkaline8earth metals 6+roup 27 react with o9ygen


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H(drogen Hdrogen is p!*ed alone0

Its properties do not match #e!! #it- t-e properties o, ot-er

e!eents.

Ph(sicalproperties&

Co!our!ess odor!ess

%ig-test to


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H(drogen Hdrogen is p!*ed alone0

Its properties do not match #e!! #it- t-e properties o, ot-er

e!eents.

hemicalproperties&

4ound in *id

"e!esed #-en *ids re*t #it- et!s

4ound in (ses

Co(ines #it- *r(on to ,or h(drocarbon 0urn #-en -eted )eg e5p!osion+

$R$0R:0 6$0RD7


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PHYSIL PROPER"IES

$R$0R:0 6$0RD7

(R

toi* size )rdius+

decreases

et!!i* propert

metals non metals

stte o, tter

solid

gas

$R$0R:0 6$0RD7


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$R$0R:0 6$0RD7

(R

*idit 6 !7!init&

al,aline

acidic

HE*IL PROPER"IES

$R$0R:0 6+R5$7


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PHYSIL PROPER"IES

$R$0R:0 6+R5$7

:'

Group 1

Group $

Group /

$R$0R:0 6+R5$7


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re*t #it- o5gen

Prod&ces metal o/ides

%Gro&p 1 - Gro&p 2' Eg0 Lithi&m 3 o/(genlithi&m o/ide

HE*IL PROPER"IES

$R$0R:0 6+R5$7

:'

re*t #it- #ter

Gro&p 14 increases

Gro&p 24 increases Gro&p 54 decreases

Gro&p 64 &nreacti7e

"e!eses h(drogen gas)Test& 0urning #ooden sp!inter

produ*es 8pop9 sound+

Chap 8 Periodic-table

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