INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS The students will be able to : 1) define the computer 2) define the computer hardware 3) label or name the computer hardware 4) identify 4 main functions of computer hardware 5) classify the computer hardware according to their functions 6) define the computer software 7) identify 2 types of software and their functions 8) define the Operating System 9) identify 2 categories of Operating System 10) list the Operating System according to the categories 11) explain how the computer works
CHAP 1 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
Oct 30, 2014
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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
The students will be able to :1) define the computer2) define the computer hardware3) label or name the computer hardware4) identify 4 main functions of computer hardware5) classify the computer hardware according to their functions6) define the computer software7) identify 2 types of software and their functions8) define the Operating System9) identify 2 categories of Operating System10) list the Operating System according to the categories11) explain how the computer works
1) What is a computer ?A computer is a device that able to interprate
instruction in the form of digital data andmanipulates it for some result based on a
program or sequence of instruction on how data is to be processed.
Shortly computer is a device that accepts input, processes data, store data and produce
output. For more details, explore CD “Introduction to Computer “.
Computer System consists of :◦ a) Computer Hardware◦ b) Computer Software.
1.1) Computer Hardware Hardware is the physical aspect of computers,
telecommunications and other information technology devices.
4 Types of Hardware Device
PROCESSING
STORAGEPrinter
Hard DiskFloppy Disk
MEMORY
Mouse
Keyboard
1) Input Devices◦ The computer accepts input. Using an input device to input such
as letters, numbers, instructions and etc◦ Example of input devices : Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, Scanner,
Touch pad, Touch Screen 2)Processing Devices
◦ The computer processes data by using Central Processing Unit (CPU).In microcomputer, the CPU is a single integrated and circuit called a microprocessor.
◦ The microprocessor retrieves the inputs, and then process it’s by following the instructions. The result will temporarily held in memory. From memory the result can be output or stored.
◦ Example of microprocessor : 3) Output Devices
◦ The computer produces output. Using output devices, the computer produces the result of processing.
◦ Example of output devices: Printer, Monitor 4) Storage Devices
◦ The computer stores data. When data is not needed for immediate processing, it is stored on disk or tape.
◦ Example of storage devices: floppy disk, compact disk, hard disk, magnetic tape
1.2) Computer SoftwareSoftware is general term for the
various kinds of programs used to operate computers and related devices.
2 Types of Computer Software :◦System Software◦Application Software
1.2.1) System Software System software is the category software containing
programs that perform tasks essential to the efficient functioning of computer hardware.
System software includes the programs that direct the fundamental operations of a computer, such as displaying information on the screen, storing data on disks, sending data to the printer, interpreting commands typed by users, and communicating with peripheral devices.
There 2 subcategories of System Software:◦ Operating System
An Operating system is the software that control the computer’s use of its hardware resources such as memory and disk storage space
◦ Utilities Utilities are designed to augment the operating system by providing a
way for a computer user to control the allocation and use of hardware resources
Categories of Operating System :◦ Standalone
Microsoft Windows XP, Vista, Windows 7 Ubuntu (Linux) Mac OS
◦ Networking Windows Server 2003, 2008. Fedora Linux Unix
Utilities◦ Some utilities are included with the operating system,
device drivers, they perform tasks such as preparing disk to hold data, providing information about the files on disk, and copying data from one disks to another.
◦ Example: Winzip, WinRAR (compressing file) AVG, AVIRA, AVAST, F-SECURE, KASPERSKY – Antivirus K-Lite Codec Pack – Media codec for PC
1.2.2) Application SoftwareThe computer is a multipurpose
machine. It is application software that enables the computer to become a multipurpose machine and to perform many different tasks.
Application software helps you produce document, perform calculations, manage financial resources, create graphics, compose music, play games, maintain files on information, and so on.
Types of Computer ApplicationTypes Tasks Software
Word Processing Produce documents : letters, reports etc
Microsoft Word, Word Perfect, OpenOffice
Spreadsheet Perform analyze data, graphical.
Microsoft Excel, Lotus 1-2-3
Database Store data, organize information
Microsoft Access, Dbase, FileMaker Pro
Presentation Provide tools to make presentation slides
Microsoft Powerpoint,
Web development Design and customize web page
Adobe Dreamweaver
Photo Editing Edit, add effect to photos
Adobe Photoshop, GIMP
Programming To make an application
Visual Basic, PHP, JAVA
E-learning Provide self learning software
Authorware, Courselab
How The Computer Works
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
STORAGE
The Computer
INTERNET
Network
LATEST TECHNOLOGYProcessor : Intel I3,I5 & I7Netbook – Internet Enabled
NotebookOS : Microsoft Windows 7Tablet PC : Apple iPad, Fujitsu
Tablet PC
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