Chantier Méditerranée – Aix-En-Provence – 4 Nov. 2008 1/21 The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment Observational strategy and A first estimate of.

Chantier Méditerranée – Aix-En-Provence – 4 Nov. 2008 1/21

The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment

Observational strategyand

A first estimate of associated needs

Contact: [email protected]

ChArMExChArMExChantierMéditerranée


ChArMEx is the atmospheric chemistry component of the programme: it deals with short-lived tropospheric species and their impacts on the regional climate, air quality and (marine) ecosystems

ChArMEx


ChArMEx work packages overview

7 SCIENCE WPs:● SOURCES● AGING● TRANSPORT● RADIATION● DEPOSITION● TRENDS● FUTURE

7 IMPLEMENTATION WPs:● OBSERVATORY● MONITORING● AIRCRAFT● BALLOONS● CAMPAIGNS● MODELLING● DATA BASE

● COORDINATION


AMMA-type: multi-scale integrated strategy● 3 levels of in situ field observation:

• SOP: Special Observation Periods (~6 weeks, 2 successive yr)– detailed process studies at the regional scale– lagrangian and column type observations– intensive campaigns, extensive measurements, airborne means– support from real-time satellite products and model forecasts

• EOP: Enhanced Observation Period (2-3 yr)– daily to seasonal variability– statistical approach by continuous monitoring incl. detailed chem.– normalized meas., stations distributed to account for N-S and E-W

gradients

• LOP: Long-term Observation Period (5-10+ yr)– trends– a few networked background observatories– basic chemical and radiative parameters

● Spaceborne remote sensing● Chemistry-transport and chemistry-climate modelling

ChArMEx overall strategy

● Data base


A French observational effort focused on the

western basin


A focus of SOPs on the summer season

GOME JJA2000 tropospheric O3 column (DU)

(courtesy of B. Sauvage et al.)

Summer max.:+ ~50%

Clear sky favorable to remote sensing

Summer max.:+ 1 order of magnitude

Daily surface concentrations in particulate Si at a backgound coastal site in Corsica

(Bergametti et al., Kluwer, 1989)


A new network of Mediterranean background observatories

Summer (JJA) 2007 aerosol optical depth at 865 nm from PARASOL(courtesy of D. Tanré, J.-L. Deuzé and F. Ducos)

r < 0.70 µm 1.10 < r < 1.75 µm

Aerosol effective radius frequency

New:Balearic Islands

??

New: CorsicaMarine Nationale Semaphore Marine Nationale Semaphore at Ersa, Cap Corseat Ersa, Cap Corse

Lampedusa

Finokalia+ existing background observatories (e.g. PAES, IAGOS…)


Emplacement disponible pour un conteneur instrumenté

Le sémaphore d’Ersa


Le site a été testé cet été…

• épaisseur optique en aérosol (atténuation du rayonnement par les particules dans l’atmosphère)

• taille de l’aérosol : fin (pollution/feux de biomasse) ou grossier (poussières minérales)

• capacité d’absorption/diffusion des particules indicateur du « type » d’aérosols

• période : juin 08 → maintenant…

• concentration en O3

• masse totale en aérosol (PM2.5)

• période : juin 08 → sept. 08

Photomètre AERONET/PHOTON (LOA/LA) Caisson mobile instrumenté (Qualitair Corse)


… on y voit bien les épisodes de transport à grande échelle

0

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AO

D (

44

0 n

m)

AOD moyenne ≈ 0.21 épisode 1: poussières sahariennes

épisode 1: pollution européenne

Teneur en aérosol intégrée verticalement – AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth at 440 nm)

(data available at http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov)


Possible stations for the Possible stations for the standardized deposition networkstandardized deposition network

(or secondary stations for additional parameters)(or secondary stations for additional parameters)

Medenine

Cap-Ferrat*

Cap Bear*

Lampedusa

Porquerolles Isl.*

Balearic Islands ?

OranTanger

Eastern Spain?

Carloforte?

Frioul Isl.* Cap Corse

La Seyne-Sur-Mer*

Nador

Bonifacio

Lecce?

Master sites

Basic deposition network

Alger

Trapani?

Tunis

Rende

Master sites for Hg

Western Italy?

Ghozo?

Monaco?

*MOOSE network

Core deposition parameters:

total dust, soot, P, Fe, Hg

Needed: consolidation and/or new of AERONET sites

Expected: rain radar western Corsica


Aircraft operations (1/2) French Falcon-20 aircraft

● MOZART-SAFIRE instrument for O3 & CO● AMOVOC for VOCs (LISA)● MOZAIC water vapour probe (FZJ-Julich, Germany)● Micro aerosol backscatter lidar● ALTO ozone lidar● Dropsonding system● Passive tracer releasing and sampling system from DLR (to be checked)● Aerosol passive remote sensor from LOA (OSIRIS)● Possibly SPIRIT spectrometer from LPCE for H2O, O3, CO2, CO, CH4, N2O and

NO2 or HCHO and HNO3

French ATR42 aircraft● MOZART-SAFIRE for O3 and CO● MONA for NOx/NOy● PTRMS and AMOVOC for VOCs● LNG aerosol lidar● Airborne sun photometer PLASMA (LOA)● Aerosol kinetic inlet with aerosol payload (LISA or LAMP-CNRM) and AMS (MPI

or LACE-Villeurbanne)● Aerosol filter sampling (LISA, LGGE)

SAFIRE

SAFIRE


Aircraft operations (2/2)LSCE Ultralight

● Aerosol lidar measurements (355 nm)● In situ scatterometer (870 nm)● In situ meteorological measurements● Broadband radiative fluxes

FZK Ultralight (W. Junkermann)● In situ meteorological measurements● In situ gas measurements: O3, CH2O, CO2● In situ aerosol size distribution and optical properties● Upwelling and downwelling actinic fluxes from 290 to 700 nm● Spectral albedo from 320 to 1000 nm (5 channels)● Shortwave radiation balance● Eventually infrared radiation (pyrgeometer)

FZK-Karlsruhe Dornier (U. Corsmeier) ?● Dynamical and gas measurements

DLR Falcon-20 ??

AMMA SOP-0, Niamey airport


Possible aircraft bases

Detailed strategy to be discussed

F20 range ATR-42 range


Drifting balloons

Pressurized balloons (BP)(up to <3 km)

GPS, P, T, UAerosol optical counter/sizerBrodband ↑ and ↓ shortwave

and longwave fuxes

Aeroclipper

Surface fluxes GPS,SST

T, U, q at ~10 m (h to be known)aerosol counter and radiation ?

SST

T, HR, V

CNESCNES


Balloon strategySpaceborne lidar CALIOP, 26 June 2006, night time

Eastern Europe

MABL

African dust

(CALIOP data from NASA)

+ radiosounding O3 (and aerosol?) balloons from Ajaccio● 1 per week during EOP, 2 per day during SOPs

+ UTLS transmed (Sicily-Spain) stratospheric balloon:● 1 per SOP, SPIRALE (O3, CO, CH4, CH2O, OCS, N2O, NO2, HNO3, HCl)


Joint EOP with HyMeX, MERMEX (and SICMED?) ChArMEX SOPs alternated with other SOPs

ChArMEx operation schedule

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

LOP, on going

EOP, spring 2010-autumn 2012 (3 summers)

SOP-C1summer 2011

SOP-C2summer 2011

I I I I

? SOP ?2nd phase

eastern Med.


Estimated budget for Corsica observatory equipment

Instruments for ChArMEx LOP and long-term measurment at Corsica observatory k€

Atmospheric gases

Ozone analyzer (absorption UV) 20

CO analyzer (IR absorption, cross-flow modulation) 10

Analyseur NO (chemiluminescence) 40

Photolytic NO2 -> NO converter (to measure NOx) 5

Catalytic NOy -> NO converter (heated gold) 25

SO2 analyzer 12

Aerosols

Aerosol LidarTEOM-FDMS aerosol balance with PM10

Filter sampling in PM1 (2 samplers) & PM10 (2 samplers)

Optical particle counter/sizer (GRIMM)

80456013

Gaseous + particulate Hg20

Radon-222 Radon counter (active deposition method) 20

Instruments for ChArMEx EOP

Aerosols Nephelometer (3 wavelengths) 30

Total cost 380


Estimated needs for balloons Low altitude balloon campaigns

● Support to scientific institutes2010: 22 k€ 2011: 14 k€ 2012:

14 k€● CNES Balloon Division

Test campaign 2010: 195 k€Sci. campaign 2011: 750 k€Sci. campaign 2012: 750 k€

Balloon soundings● 2010 (EOP): 35 k€ (90 k€ with aerosol sensor)● 2011 (EOP+SOP): 100 k€ (200 k€)● 2012 (EOP+SOP): 100 k€ (200 k€)

Stratospheric balloons● Support to scientific institutes: 2011: 70 k€ 2012: 70 k€● CNES Balloon Division: 2011: 748 k€ 2012: 624 k€


Estimated needs: ~1.5 M€/yr(excl. equipement and balloons)

French aircraft (ATR-42, F-20, ULA)● 2010: 10 k€ (recce)

+ implementation of a tracer release system● 2011: 425 k€ + tracer release● 2012: 425 k€ + tracer release

Deposition action● EOP (2010-2012): 65 k€/yr x 3 yr● SOP equipment (2011): 67 k€

Sources and emission inventories● 2010: 425 k€ 2011: 425 k€ 2012: 250 k€

Chemical analyses (EOP/SOP)● ~40 k€/yr ?

To be completed…


Preparation phase request (2009)

Equipement inventorié

Fonctionnement Missions Total 2009

89.4 k€ 95.1 k€ 95.6 k€ 280.1 k€AMMA SOP-0, Niamey airport

CDD Post-doc Doctorant Total 2009

2 IE2*2 x 6 mois

53.0 k€

16 mois23.4 k€

14 mois10.9 k€

4 positions22 mois87.3 k€

1. Ingénieur instrumentation: observatoire corse2. Chef de projet

Forçage radiatif aérosols, télédétection

Forçage radiatif,modélisation régionale

+1 bourse CNES-région MIP: ballons

INSU● LEFE/CHAT proposal (113 participants, 34 institutes, 200 pers. x month)

CNES● Drifting balloons: 18.9 k€

+ ANR ?



Cumulative residence time close to the surface (log colorscale in s) of a large ensemble of back-trajectories ending at Cap Corse (one trajectory every 3 hours in June-July-August 2005, computed with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART). It provides an estimation of the potential relative influence of each source point on in situ measurements made at Cap Corse. Grey iso-contours plotted every 12 h represent the mean travel time from a given local point to Cap Corse.

(courtesy of François Gheusi, LA-Toulouse and Stephan Henne, EMPA-Switzerland)

Chantier Méditerranée – Aix-En-Provence – 4 Nov. 2008 1/21 The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment Observational strategy and A first estimate of.

Documents

chantier mditerrane

iagos slide

lgge safire slide

western basin slide

maintenant concentration

aerosol payload lisa

smaphore dersa slide

masse totale en arosol