Japan-German Biomass day November 5th, 2013 Department of Environment and Energy Policy Takanobu AIKAWA [email protected] Challenges on biomass use technology and engineering in Japan
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Japan-German Biomass day
November 5th, 2013
Department of Environment and Energy Policy
Takanobu AIKAWA
Challenges on biomass use technology and
engineering in Japan
/23 1
Outline
I. Current status of biomass use in Japan
II. We need a new approach
＊Today’s presentation is focused on biomass heating
Current status of biomass use in Japan
/23 3
Biomass boilers installation status in Japan
The cumulative number of installed boilers in Japan（FY2011）
The number of installed boilers is still small
Fuel type Status Installed
boiler
Capacity
（kW）
Usage Facilities
Chip Hot water 98 310 Warming, Hot water Hot spa, Welfare facilities,
Hotel etc.
Vapor 17 1,670 Process vapor、timber
kiln、Warming, Hot water
Factory、Sawmill etc.
Total 115 -
Pellet Hot water 414 260 Cooling and warming.,
hot water
Hot spa, Hotel, School,
Day-care etc.
Vapor 3 370 Process vapor, timber kiln、Warming, Hot water
Factory etc.
Wind 122 90 Warming Greenhouse
Total 539 -
Source） Japan Wood Energy Co., Ltd.
/23 4
Technology：Domestic manufactures will be welcomed
There are a few manufacturing companies
Many companies have been interested in gasification , but such technologies
are still at the demonstration stage.
The number of installed boilers by manufactures
Manufactures Country Number
Schmidt Switzerland 57
Oyamada engineering Japan 11
Environtech Japan 10
Tallbots UK 7
Takahashi-kikan Japan 5
Polytechnic Austria 5
Tomoe techno Japan 5
Source） Japan Wood Energy Co., Ltd.
/23 5
Case 1：Hot spa（Shimokawa-town, Hokkaido）
Hot water for spa and warming
Chip boiler（180kW）
Fuel amount ：300t/yr (16% w.b.)
Photo） MURC
/23 6
Case 2：Heating and cooling for city hall（Maniwa-city, Okayama）
Heating and cooling with absorption chiller
Chip boiler（550kW）, Pellet boiler（450kW）
Fuel amount：chip 200t/yr, pellet 100t/yr
Photo） MURC
/23 7
Key findings from case studies：Bad engineering
Some basic plans were developed in the view points of forest
resource utilization or activating local economy, but important
things such as economic or environmental performance were
sometimes ignored.
Inappropriate sizing due to inappropriate analysis of daily/
seasonal heat demand profile
Both suppliers and consumers don’t have sufficient knowledge
about water content of wood chips
In addition to the high prices of boilers, regulations of subsidies
could result in over-specked constructions (boiler houses, fuel
storage etc.).
/23 8
Problem 1：Neglecting economic performance
Possibility for investment collection Current balance
Source) Forest Realize Co., Ltd.
A lot of planning in the view points of “forest resource utilization”
or “activating local economy”
Lacking economic performance
8%
19%
26%
47%
Yes（without
subsidy）Yes（with subsidy）
Pubric investment
No answer
26%
28%
46%
Plus (black) Minus (red)
No answer
N=70
/23 9
Problem 2：High initial cost
Japan (300kW) Germany（270kW）
Boiler 30,000,000～40,000,000JPY 5,850,000JPY（45,000€）
Construction 20,000,000～40,000,000JPY 422,000JPY （3,250€）
Fuel storage, boiler house
20,000,000～40,000,000JPY 351,000JPY（27,000€）
Total 70,000,000～120,000,000JPY 978,200JPY（75,250€）
total/kW 230,000～400,000JPY/kW 36,000JPY/kW （278€）
Note)１€＝130JPY.
It is difficult to know the average initial cost in Japan
Case studies indicated that Japanese cost was much higher than Germany
one.
Average initial cost in Japan（300kW）
/23 10
Problem 2：Appropriate sizing of boiler system
Inappropriate sizing based on inappropriate analysis of daily/ seasonal heat demand
profile
Manufactures were involved in the planning, which leads to insufficient comparison
Impression after biomass installation
0 2 4 6 8
Incorrect sizing
Lucking back-up boilers
Low efficiecy than expected
Others
Number of answers
Source） Japan Wood Energy Co., Ltd.
Lacking
/23 11
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
貯湯利用
木質ボイラ貯湯
木質ボイラ貯湯
Problem 2：Appropriate sizing of boiler system
The different strategy of biomass and fossil fuel boilers
Fossil fuel→600kW
Biomass→300kW
Source） MURC
Inappropriate sizing based on inappropriate analysis of daily/
seasonal heat demand profile
Biomass boiler supplying
(kW)
（Time）
Thermal store charging
Thermal store discharging
/23 12
Problem 3：Poor knowledge about biomass fuels
Price and quality of fuels Troubling of boilers
Poor knowledge about biomass fuel (size, water content)
As a result, frequent troubles occurred
0 5 10 15
Different quality from contracts
Mixed with demolishion wood
High price
Different qualities from suppliers
Fractuation in water content and size
No supplier of low water content …
Foreign matters
Powder mixizing
Others
Number of answers
0 10 20
Many troubles
Stucked with fuel
Clinker
Not insultated chimny
Intrust with suppliers
Going away
Increasing safety of facilities
Others Number of answers
Source） Japan Wood Energy Co., Ltd.
/23 13
Problem 3：Poor knowledge about biomass fuels
Wood chip and chipper Folk fuel and chipper
Photo）MURC
Both suppliers and consumers don’t understand appropriate
combination of chip and boiler
/23 14
Problem 3：Poor knowledge about biomass fuels
Monitoring of water content Difference of “wet based” and “dry based”
The importance of water content has not been understood in
many cases
Source) Forest Realize Co., Ltd.
Know36%
Don't
know37%
No
answer27%
Monitoring31%
No monitor
59%
No answer
10%
N=70 N=70
/23 15
0 10 20 30
Long waiting time
High cost
Poor knowledge with local companies
Frequent maitenance
Others Number of answers
Problem 4：Maintenance and operation
Maintenance scheme and cost Self-maintenance
Source） Japan Wood Energy Co., Ltd.
Dependent on boiler suppliers for M&Os, owner’s knowledge
It could lead to a high M&Os cost, as a result
0 5 10 15
Owners can't maintenan by themseves
Lucling human resource
Easy maintenance
OthersNumber of answers
We need a new approach
/23 17
Demand “pull”approach
Basic framework
Knowledge
Te
ch
no
log
y
En
gin
ee
rin
g
Sk
ill
“技術”
☓Supply (Technology) push
/23 18
Knowledge：Handbook for potential users
Providing comprehensive knowledge,
based on case studies
Outline of the textbook
Introduction: Significance and tips of
biomass utilization
Cost structure
Heat load
Characteristics and qualities of biomass
fuels
Fuel production
Project management
Technology of modern boilers
/23 19
Engineering: It should be managed for owners
Owner’s engineering by project manager
Establishment of their values and training is needed
Source）Biomass installation contracting guide (Carbon Trust UK, 2012)
An example of contract arrangement
Client
Client’s Engineer
Biomass Boiler
Supplier Builder
Electrical
Contractor
Mechanical
Contractor
/23 20
Community Power：Local community based initiatives
Government’
initiative
Single political
objective
Supply push
Subsidy
Certainty
Fairness
Local community’s initiative
Integrated objectives and
policy instruments
Demand pull
Finance scheme
Innovation
Transparency
/23 21
Local community based approach
Hokkaido
Shizuoka
Kochi Tokushima Odahara
Nagano
Obama
Saitama
Mimasaka
Tama
Chofu
Minami Aso
Oguni Fukushima
Mogami
Furano
Ajigasawa
Sumita
Ichinoseki
Noda
Isumi
Sera
Kuma
2011〜
2012〜
2013〜
Naganohara Nakanojo
MOE had launched funding for model projects
/23 22
Policy：From “supply push” to “demand pull”
Incentives for ensuring enough capacity factor
Incentives for the amount of heat produced, but for initial cost （eg. Renewable
Heat Incentive scheme in UK）
Promoting /funding for owner’s engineering （project manager）
R&D for finance scheme to reduce initial cost
Establishing standards and reviewing regulation
Standards for both biomass fuels and boilers
Deregulation（ex. ORC）
Expanding knowledge, human resource development
Organizing seminars using the “handbook”
Policy instruments for encouraging player’s innovation by creating demand!
/23 23
Summary：Possibility for German- Japanese co-operation
Japan’s biomass utilization is still at the early stage. There are
few domestic manufactures.
Various problems on engineering had been found through case
studies.
There are possibilities of German- Japanese co-operations for
providing technology for manufactures or training engineers.
Watching policy development in European countries would be
necessary to create well-designed biomass market in Japan
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