Ch.9Respiration9e

8/13/2019 Ch.9Respiration9e

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch9respiration9e 1/52

Define:GlycolysisRespirationChemiosmosisPhosphorylationFermentationATP (draw andlabel)ElectrochemicalradientFAD FAD! "

#AD $ #AD!

%&'hat is the role ofphosphofr cto inase*

!ow does it +wor ,*

"& E-plain + lycolysis,&'here does it occ r*!ow does it +wor ,*



%&'hat is the chemical e. ation for cell larrespiration*

"& Remember: /01R0GA&0n the con2ersion of l cose and

o-y en to C/ " and ! "/3 which molec leis red ced*

4& 'hich is o-idi5ed*C& 'hat happens to the ener y that is

released in this redo- reaction*6& #AD $ is called a(n) 7777777777777777&

0ts red ced form is 7777777&



%&'hy is lycolysis considered anancient metabolic process*

"&'here in the cell does lycolysisocc r*6&'hat are the reactants and

prod cts of lycolysis*8&'hich has more ener y a2ailable:

a& ADP or ATP*b& #AD $ or #AD!*

c& FAD $ or FAD! "*



%&'hat is % fact yo remember fromyesterday9s s ar article*

"& 'here does the Citric Acid Cycleocc r in the cell*6& 'hat are the main prod cts of the

CAC*



%&'hat are 6 ways respiration can bemeas red*

"& 'hat is the p rpose of sin /!(potassi m hydro-ide) in this lab*6& 'hat are the 0ndependent and

Dependent ;ariables for Graph <&%*



%&!ow is the proton radientenerated*

"&'hat is its p rpose*6&Describe how ATP synthase wor s&8&0n cell lar respiration3 how many

ATP are enerated thro h:A&= bstrate>le2el phosphorylation*4& /-idati2e phosphorylation*



%&0n fermentation3 how is #AD $ recycled*

"&'hat is the f nction of the en5ymephosphofr cto inase*6& ?o eat a stea and salad& 'hich

macromolec le cannot be bro endown to ma e ATP*

"&E-plain where the fat oes whenyo lose wei ht&





The s mmary e. ation of cell larrespiration&

The difference between fermentation andcell lar respiration&

The role of lycolysis in o-idi5in l coseto two molec les of pyr 2ate&

The process that brin s pyr 2ate from thecytosol into the mitochondria andintrod ces it into the citric acid cycle&!ow the process of chemiosmosis tili5esthe electrons from #AD! and FAD! " toprod ce ATP&



E flows into ecosystem as= nli ht

A totrophs transform itinto chemical E

/ " released as byprod ct

Cells se some of chemicalE in or anic molec les toma e ATP

E lea2es as heat



Comple-or anic

molec les

=impler wasteprod cts with

less E

=ome E sed todo wor anddissipated as

heat

CatabolicPathway



Respiration: e-er onic (releases E)

C@! %"/ @ $ @/ " @! "/ $ @C/ " $ATP ($ heat)

Photosynthesis: ender onic (re. ires

E)



e > $ ? $ ?e >

/-idation B lose e >

Red ction B ain e >

C@! %"/ @ $ @/ " @! "/ $ @C/ " $

oxidation

reduction

oxidation (donor)lose e -

reduction (acceptor)gain e -

ATP

OiLRiG or LeoGer











Generate small amo nt of ATPPhosphorylation: en5yme transfers aphosphate to other compo nds

ADP $ P i ATPP co%poun

d



%&Glycolysis"& Pyr 2ate /-idation $ Citric Acid

Cycle ( rebs Cycle)6& /-idati2e Phosphorylation (electrontransport chain (ETC) chemiosmosis)





Cell lar Respiration



+s ar splittin ,4elie2ed to be ancient (earlypro aryotes > no /

" a2ailable)

/cc rs in cytosolPartially o-idi5es l cose (@C) to "pyr 2ates (6C)#et ain: $ ATP & $NA !Also ma es $! $##o / " re. ired



=ta e %: Ener y 0n2estment =ta eCell ses ATP to phosphorylatecompo nds of l cose

=ta e ": Ener y Payoff =ta e Two 6>C compo nds o-idi5ed

For each l cose molec le:" #et ATP prod ced by s bstrate>le2elphosphorylation" molec les of #AD $ NA !







Citric AcidCycle(matri-)

ETC(inner

membrane)















Cell lar Respiration





"L"CT #NT AN P# T C!A*N/cc rs in innermembrane ofmitochondriaProd ces $'-$+ ATPby o-idati2ephosphorylation 2iachemiosmosis

C!",*# ,# *

! $ ions p mpedacross innermitochondrialmembrane! $ diff se thro hATP synthase (ADP

ATP)







Che%ios%osis B ! $ radient across membranedri2es cell lar wor

Proton-%oti e .orce : seproton (! $) radient toperform wor

ATP synthase : en5yme thatma es ATPse E from proton (! $)radient H flow of ! $ bacacross membrane







e> passeddown Ele2els

o-idati2ephosphorylationchemiosmosi

sATP

ETC

/ " ! " /

protonradient

protonmoti2e force

!$

redo-

reactions

ATPsynthase

uses

uses E

of

in which

to final e- acceptor

generates which couples

called

drives

through

t o p r o d u c e

H + p u m p

e d f r o

m m a t r

i x t o

i n t e r m e

m b r a n

e s p a

c e









F" ,"NTAT*#Neep lycolysisoin byre eneratin #AD $

/cc rs in cytosolNo oxygenneededCreates ethanolI$ C# $J or lactate$ ATP (fromlycolysis)

" P* AT*#NRelease E frombrea down of foodwith / "

/cc rs inmitochondria# $ re/uired (finalelectron acceptor)Prod ces C/ "3 ! "/

and up to 0$ ATP

O 2 presentWithout O 2



ALC#!#L*CF" ,"NTAT*#N

Pyr 2ate Ethanol$ C/ "

E-& bacteria3 yeastsed in brewin 3winema in 3 ba in

LACT*C AC*F" ,"NTAT*#N

Pyr 2ate 1actateE-& f n i3 bacteria3h man m scle cellssed to ma e cheese3yo rt3 acetone3methanol#ote: 1actate b ild> pdoes #/T ca sem scle fati e andpain (old idea)



Carbohydrates3fats and proteinscan A11 be sedas f el for cell larrespirationKonomers enterlycolysis or citricacid cycle atdifferent points



Allosteric en5yme thatcontrols rate oflycolysis and citricacid cycle0nhibited by ATP3 citrate=tim lated by AKP

AKP$ P $ P ATP



E#ERG



pyr 2ateo-idation

E#ERG ?

lycolysis(cytosol)

ethanol $C/ "

(yeast3 somebacteria)

anaerobic(without O 2)

aerobic cellularrespiration

(with O 2)

lacticacid

(animals)ETC

chemiosmos

o-idati2ephosphorylati

on

citric acid

cycle

mitochondria Fermentation

(cytosol)





Electron Transport hain hemiosmosis

Ch.9Respiration9e

Documents