Ch. 4.2 french indian war

• 1. Ch. 4.2 French-Indian WarOr the Seven Years War

2. Why not the 7 Years War? The name French andIndian War is so givenbecause the Britishfought the French andmany of the NativeAmericans (Algonquinand Huron tribes) whosided with France,although some did fightalongside the Britishand their Iroquoisallies. 3. Causes both the British andthe French claimedthe vast territorybetween theAppalachians and theMississippi river, fromthe Great Lakes to theGulf of Mexico, knownas the Ohio Country.Both countries usedtrading posts as forts,militarizing the region. 4. Causes Both Europeancountries ignoredNative Americanclaims to the land inorder to pursue theirbeaver pelteconomies. Amongthe most powerful ofthe NativeAmericans were theIroquois 5. Causes The British colonistsfeared papal influencein North America. Tothe predominantlyProtestant Britishsettlers, French controlover North Americacould haverepresented a threat totheir religious andother freedoms thatMassacre of the Protestant Martyrs at theBridge over the River Bann in Ireland,1641. Engraving from Matthew Taylor,England's Bloody Tribunal: Or, PopishCruelty Displayed, reminder of what couldhappen. 6. New France was administered by Frenchgovernors, Roman Catholic hierarchy andmissionaries such as Armand de LaRichardie, who were active in spreading theCatholic brand of Christianity.Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial Last governor of New France1755-1760Le Grand Voyage du Pays desHurons 1632 7. Cause Newfoundland'sGrand Banks werefertile fishinggrounds and covetedby both sides. Theconclusion of thiswar would seeFrance keeping onlythe islands of SaintPierre and Miquelon,allowing themaccess to the GrandBanks to this day.This illustration shows the heavy traffic inthe area in the seventeenth century. 8. Hostilities begin England began to pushwestward into Frances NorthAmerican holdings. Theselong time enemies began aconflict in the spring of 1754over land claims in the OhioValley. This war later becamepart of a larger conflict knownas the Seven Years War. TheEnglish and the French (alongwith their European allies)fought for territorial andcolonial supremacy in Europe,West Indies, Asia and Africa.In the first engagement of theFrench and Indian War, a 22-year-old LieutenantColonel GeorgeWashington defeats a Frenchreconnaissance party insouthwestern Pennsylvania. 9. Early on, the Frenchwere victorious on thebattlefield, but theappointment of SirWilliam Pitt as BritishSecretary of Stateturned the tide of thewar. He pledged toprovide whatevernecessary for Britishvictory over the Frenchin the colonies and inEurope. British began 10. Seige of Fort William Henry August 3-9, 1757-French General Louis-Joseph deMontcalm attacked the British-heldFort William Henry. The fort,located at the southern end of LakeGeorge, on the frontier between theBritish Province of New York and theFrench Province of Canada, wasgarrisoned by a poorly supportedforce of British led by Lt.Colonel George Monro. After severaldays of bombardment, Monrosurrendered to Montcalm, whoseforce included nearly 2,000 Indians.The terms of surrender included thewithdrawal of the garrison to FortEdward, with specific terms that theFrench military protect the British 11. The British evacuated the fort, leaving about 70 sick and wounded tothe care of the French. Almost immediately, Indians entered the fort toplunder. Cries and screams for help from the sick and woundedprisoners were heard outside the fort. A missionary, Pere Roubaudsays of one particular warrior, "[he] carried in his hand a human head,from which trickled streams of blood, and which he displayed as themost splendid prize that he could have secured." Montcalm's Indian allies violated the agreed terms of surrender andattacked the British column as it left the fort. They killed and scalped asignificant number of soldiers and took as captives women, children,servants, and slaves. 12. Peace The British-French hostilities inNorth America had almost endedby 1760. However, on 10 February1763, Great Britain, France, Spainand Portugal sign the Treaty ofParis and end the war. Theconcessions of the treaty involveda complex series of land 13. France was given thechoice of keeping eitherNew France or itsCaribbean island colonyGuadeloupe, and chose thelatter to retain one of itssources of sugar. Thissuited the British as well, astheir own Caribbean islandsalready supplied amplesugar, but with thehandover of New Francethey gained control of alllands in North America eastof the Mississippi River withthe exception of NewOrleansSpain lost control of Florida toGreat Britain, but received NewOrleans and the LouisianaTerritory west of the MississippiRiver from the French. 14. The conflict resulted inthe British acquiringCanada, while Spaingained Louisiana (NewFrance) incompensation for itsloss of Florida to theBritish. Frenchadministrativepresence in NorthAmerica was almostcompletely removedand the Aboriginalpeople of NorthAmerica were the end of the threatfrom New France tothe British Americancolonies and thesubsequentreorganization ofthose colonies withincrease taxation topay off war debtswould later becomeone of the enablingtriggers for theAmericanRevolution.