CH 12 PPT : Second War for Independence and Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824

CH 12 PPTCH 12 PPT::Second War for Independence and Second War for Independence and

Upsurge of NationalismUpsurge of Nationalism1812-18241812-1824

Ch 12 Tmwk Ch 12 Tmwk 1. Why did the U.S. go to war with Britain

in 1812? Who would side with Britain?2. Pg 234 From what 3 areas did the U.S.

launch attacks on Britain?3. Pg 234 Name 2 bodies of water where

battles took place.4. Pg 237 In the presidential election of

1812, which region was won by Madison? By Clinton?

Madison’s War with BritainMadison’s War with Britain• Support for war came from South and West, and from

Republicans in Pennsylvania and Virginia.• Federalists in N. (especially New England) and S.

were against war with Britain.• Federalists also opposed gaining land in Canada

because it would add more agrarian states that would vote for Jeffersonian Republicans.

• During the war, New England lent money to Britain and sent war supplies to Canada.

• U.S. military: ill-trained, not disciplined.

Causes of the War of 1812Causes of the War of 1812• British arming hostile Indians• Orders in Council• Embargo and Non-Intercourse

Acts• War Hawks cry for war• British impressments• Canadian expansion

Invasion of CanadaInvasion of Canada• Offensive strategy in Canada = poorly conceived

and executed - a complete failure. • American goals: invade Canada so that 1.) British

won’t have a staging ground 2.) U.S. can gain territory in the peace treaty.

• U.S. made three-pronged invasion that set out from Detroit, Niagara, and Lake Champlain.

• U.S. forces divided - became 3 weak forces, instead of 1 strong force.

• These invasions quickly beaten back by British.

Three Separate InvasionsThree Separate Invasions

BattlesBattles• 1813 Battle of Lake Erie: control of Great Lakes

important. Naval Officer Oliver Hazard Perry captured a British fleet and won a victory for U.S.

• Oct 1813 Battle of the Thames: Retreating Redcoats overtaken by General Harrison’s army and defeated by U.S.

• 1814 Battle of Plattsburgh: U.S. Commander Macdonough was losing, but made a brilliant move by turning the ship - snatched victory from Britain

Battles Cont.Battles Cont.• Aug. 1814: British invaders set fire

to the capital and White House• 1814 Battle of Horseshoe Bend:

Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek Indian Tribe

• 1815 Battle of New Orleans – Andrew Jackson won a great victory – made him a national hero. (2,000 British killed/wounded.)

Treaty of Ghent 1814Treaty of Ghent 1814• 5 American peacemakers sent to

Ghent, Belgium.• Britain made demand: Americans

refused to give in.• Both sides simply agreed to stop

fighting and restore conquered territory.

• No mention in the treaty of American grievances.

• Neither side was able to win a decisive victory so war = a draw.

TmwkTmwk5. Pg 238 What states are being

ridiculed in the political cartoon?6. Pg 238 What is the political cartoon

intending to depict?

1815 Hartford Convention: 1815 Hartford Convention: DemandsDemands

• New England Federalists were discontent• Had economic losses due to embargo• Called to abolish 3/5 Compromise• Wanted amendment requiring a 2/3 vote of

Congress for certain laws• Limit Presidents to one term• End of the War of 1812: silenced their demands• Federalist Party dies out a year later.

Post War of 1812Post War of 1812• British blockade of goods helped stimulate

American manufacturing.• 1817 Rush-Bagot Agreement between Britain and

U.S. - severely limited naval armament by Great Lakes.

• Increased sense of U.S. nationalism.• Revived Bank of U.S.: voted by Congress in 1816.• Army expanded to 10,000 men• British goods (surplus piled up during war) flooded

U.S. after war, for low prices. • U.S. manufacturers cried out for protection –

Congress passed Tariff of 1816: 1st tariff in U.S. passed for protection of goods, not for revenue.

American SystemAmerican System• Henry Clay: plan for developing a profitable home

market.• 3 main parts:

– Strong banking system to provide a lot of credit.– Protective tariff to help American manufacturers.– Build network of roads and canals in Ohio area,

(money to come from the tariff) to connect all of U.S. to exchange goods/raw materials.

– Congress voted to give money for construction programs, but Pres Madison vetoed it. Believed states were responsible for roads/canals, and not federal Govt.

Era of Good FeelingsEra of Good Feelings• 1816: Monroe becomes Pres

– took a good will tour• Virginia dynasty• Era was a misnomer due to

these:– Death of Federalist party– Sectionalism– Tariff Issue– Public land speculation– Slavery issue

Panic of 1819Panic of 1819• Brought deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank

failures, unemployment, soup kitchens, and overcrowded debtor’s prisons.

• 1 cause was over speculation of frontier lands, especially in West.

• Bank of U.S. forced western banks to foreclose mortgages on farms.

TmwkTmwk7. Pg 247 What did the legislative branch

decide in this Act: Missouri Compromise?8. Pg. 250 At what line of latitude was the

northern border of the Louisiana territory? Which river is south of this border?

9. Pg 251 In what year did the U.S. acquire Florida?

10. Pg 254 At what line of latitude was the northern border of Oregon Country?

Slavery and Sectional BalanceSlavery and Sectional Balance• Conflict over Western lands which were territories:

to admit as Free or Slave states?• House of Representatives passed 1819 Tallmadge

Amendment: no more slaves to be brought to Missouri.

• Southerners cried out against Tallmadge Amendment – Senate voted against it.

1820 Missouri Compromise1820 Missouri Compromise• Congress agreed to admit Missouri as slave state.• Maine, had been part of Mass., was admitted as

free state, which kept balance at 12 each.• Future states from Louisiana area that were north

of 36° 30' line, would be free.• Set precedent that Congress could control the

slave status of the remaining territories that would later become states.

• How will this be a temporary compromise?

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

Judicial Nationalism Judicial Nationalism • See separate Word Doc• McCulloch v. Maryland• Cohens v. Virginia• Gibbons v. Ogden• Fletcher v. Peck• Asserting federal authority• Limiting states’ rights