Cells and Energy. On your “Heart and Lung Model” Write the word alveoli: Write down what has to happen in the alveoli. From your homework, write Pathway.

Cells and EnergyCells and Energy

On your “Heart and Lung Model”

Write the word alveoli:Write down what has to happen in the alveoli.From your homework, write Pathway of Air,then the pathway for air to follow.Write down diffusion and describe how Oxygen moves in lungs, body cells

Cells use energy to:Cells use energy to:MoveMoveChange shapeChange shapeReproduceReproduceReact to their environmentReact to their environmentMetabolize (manufacture and repair Metabolize (manufacture and repair parts of cell)parts of cell)Transport food and nutrientsTransport food and nutrientsExpel wasteExpel waste

Divide your notes into 4 Divide your notes into 4 sections:sections:

Energy-ATP and evidence for the Energy-ATP and evidence for the products for cellular respirationproducts for cellular respiration

Aerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration

Anaerobic RespirationAnaerobic Respiration

The 3-2-1 of cellular respirationThe 3-2-1 of cellular respiration

Cellular Respiration compared Cellular Respiration compared to combustionto combustion

In the energy and evidence for In the energy and evidence for reactants part of your notes:reactants part of your notes:

What has to happen for the candle to What has to happen for the candle to burn?burn?

What are the products given off when What are the products given off when the candle burns?the candle burns?

What happens when the student What happens when the student breathes into the test tube?breathes into the test tube?

What are the products for someone What are the products for someone breathing?breathing?

ATP: What the cell needs for ATP: What the cell needs for energy!energy!

AAdenosine denosine TTriripphosphatehosphate

Energy currency Energy currency

Deliver energy to wherever is needed Deliver energy to wherever is needed in a cellin a cell

ATP breaks down into ADP releasing ATP breaks down into ADP releasing one phosphate group and energy one phosphate group and energy

The The releasedreleased energy is able to drive energy is able to drive cell’s activitiescell’s activities

Cellular Respiration: why the Cellular Respiration: why the body cells need Oxygen body cells need Oxygen

A stepwise series of reactions that A stepwise series of reactions that break down complex molecules into break down complex molecules into carbon dioxide and water, carbon dioxide and water, releasing releasing energyenergy in the process in the process

Chemical EquationChemical Equation

CC66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22 6CO 6CO22 + 6H + 6H22O + 36 O + 36 ATPATP

What is our evidence that Carbon dioxide What is our evidence that Carbon dioxide and water are given off during cellular and water are given off during cellular respiration? respiration?

Two forms of cellular respiration:Two forms of cellular respiration:

–Aerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration–Anaerobic RespirationAnaerobic Respiration

Aerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration

Cellular Respiration in the presence Cellular Respiration in the presence of oxygen (also called oxidative of oxygen (also called oxidative respiration)respiration)

Occurs in 3 stages:Occurs in 3 stages:

1.1. GlycolysisGlycolysis one glucose one glucose molecule molecule is split into is split into two 3-carbon two 3-carbon products products (pyruvic acid) (pyruvic acid)

releases 2 ATP moleculesreleases 2 ATP molecules

Occurs in cytoplasmOccurs in cytoplasm

Takes ATP to start reactionTakes ATP to start reaction, but , but produces more ATP than it usesproduces more ATP than it uses

Occurs in 3 stages:Occurs in 3 stages:

2.2. Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle breaks the breaks the 3-3-carbon productscarbon products (pyruvic acid) (pyruvic acid) down down into carbon dioxide, into carbon dioxide,

releases releases 2 ATP2 ATP molecules molecules

Occurs in mitochondria Occurs in mitochondria

Occurs in 3 stages:Occurs in 3 stages:

3. 3. Electron Transport ChainElectron Transport Chain each each H atom is separated into an H atom is separated into an electron (-) and a proton (H+). The electron (-) and a proton (H+). The H+ combines with OH+ combines with O22 molecules molecules forming water (Hforming water (H22O). O).

36 ATP36 ATP molecules are released. molecules are released.

* Occurs in mitochondria* Occurs in mitochondria

How much energy is produced in How much energy is produced in aerobic respiration?aerobic respiration?

For every For every ONEONE glucoseglucose molecule: molecule: 2 ATP + 2 ATP + 36 ATP = 40 ATP 2 ATP + 2 ATP + 36 ATP = 40 ATP 2 ATP used to make pyruvic acid2 ATP used to make pyruvic acid2 ATP used to move pyruvic acid into 2 ATP used to move pyruvic acid into the mitochondriathe mitochondria

40 ATP – 2 ATP – 2 ATP = 40 ATP – 2 ATP – 2 ATP = 36 ATP36 ATP

Anaerobic RespirationAnaerobic Respiration

Cellular Respiration which occurs Cellular Respiration which occurs when there is little or no oxygenwhen there is little or no oxygen

Occurs in 2 stages: Occurs in 2 stages:

1.1. Glycolysis Glycolysis same as in aerobic same as in aerobic respiration. respiration.

• Produces Produces 2 ATP2 ATP molecules. molecules.

Occurs in 2 stages: Occurs in 2 stages: 2. 2. Fermentation Fermentation cells convert pyruvic cells convert pyruvic

acid (the 3-carbon molecule from acid (the 3-carbon molecule from glycolysis) into lactate another 3-glycolysis) into lactate another 3-carbon molecule. Lactate cycles back carbon molecule. Lactate cycles back into glycolysis and the cycle occurs into glycolysis and the cycle occurs again. This continues until oxygen is again. This continues until oxygen is present.present.

– Each fermentation cycle produces Each fermentation cycle produces 2 2 ATPATP molecules. molecules.

Types of FermentationTypes of Fermentation

Lactic Acid FermentationLactic Acid Fermentation The The anaerobic pathway in animal cellsanaerobic pathway in animal cells– Waste is Waste is lactic acidlactic acid

Alcohol Fermentation Alcohol Fermentation The The anaerobic pathway in plant cellsanaerobic pathway in plant cells– Waste is Waste is alcoholalcohol

How much energy is produced in How much energy is produced in anaerobic respiration?anaerobic respiration?

For every ONE glucose moleculeFor every ONE glucose molecule

2 ATP + 2 ATP = 4 ATP2 ATP + 2 ATP = 4 ATP

4 ATP4 ATP produced per cycle of produced per cycle of anaerobic respirationanaerobic respiration

Which type of cellular respiration is Which type of cellular respiration is more efficient?more efficient?

Aerobic or anaerobic?Aerobic or anaerobic?

Explain your reasoning?Explain your reasoning?

3…2…1…3…2…1…3 steps of aerobic respiration 3 steps of aerobic respiration (include ATP per step)(include ATP per step)

2 steps of anaerobic respiration 2 steps of anaerobic respiration (include ATP per step)(include ATP per step)

1 organelle where cellular respiration 1 organelle where cellular respiration takes placetakes place