Cell processes vocabulary fall 2015.2

Cell Processes Vocabulary

Cell Processes Vocabulary

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Antibiotic ResistanceBacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics as a result of their widespread use. Drug resistant genes allow them to survive; the antibiotics no longer work (ex. MRSA).

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Selectively PermeableProperty of the cell membrane allowing some substances to go through while others cannot.

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Fluid Mosaic ModelThe cell membrane is fluid: flexible and the parts move around. It is a mosaic: made of many different parts.

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Lipid bilayerFlexible double-layered sheet making up the cell membrane.It forms barrier between cell and surroundings.

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DiffusionMovement of particles from high to low concentration.Type of passive transport.

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Passive TransportMovement of materials across the cell membrane without using energy.

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Active transportMovement of materials across the cell membrane from low to high concentration.Requires energy (ATP).

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OsmosisDiffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane. H2O will move to the area of higher particle concentration.

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HypertonicThe solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell. H2O moves out of the cell causing it to shrink.

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HypotonicThe solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell. H2O moves into the cell causing it to swell.

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IsotonicThe concentration of solutes is the same inside and outside the cell. Water moves equally in both directions.

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Solution Concentration Comparison

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MitosisProcess of cell division and reproduction; produces 2 identical daughter cells from one parent cell. Each has complete set of chromosomes (DNA).

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ChromosomeCell structures containing genetic material (DNA) that is replicated (copied) and passed from one generation of cells to the next.

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CancerDisorder in which some of the bodys cells lose the ability to control growth due to mutation in genes regulating cell growth/division. Cells grow uncontrollably.

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