Cec 210-Civil Engineering Drawing II

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UNESCO-NIGERIA TECHNICAL & VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

REVITALISATION PROJECT-PHASE II

YEAR 2- SE MESTER 4

THEORY/PRACTICAL

NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN

CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING II CEC 210

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CEC 210

CONTENT INDEX

Week 1: 1.1 Stair detail. 1

Week 2: 2.1 Special stairs. 2

2.2 Pile foundation 4

Week 3: 3.1 Steel structural drawings. 6

Week 4: 4.1 Connection between steel members. 8

4.2 Connections 10

Week 5: 5.1 Building services drawings. 12

Week 6: 6.1 Water tank installation details. 16

Week 7: 7.1 Manhole details. 17

Week 8: 8.1 Septic tank details. 18

Week 9: 9.1 Installation of Air conditioning system. 19

Week 10: 10.1 Road design presentation. 20

10.2 Longitudinal section 20

10.3 Cross section 22

Week 11: 11.1 Canal and irrigation engineering. 24

11.2 Earth dam 25

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Week 12: 12.1 Site visit. 26

Week 13: 13.1 Computer Aided drawing (CAD). 27

Week 14: 14.1 Computer Aided drawing (CAD) . 28

Week 15: 15.1 Computer Aided drawing (CAD). 29

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WEEK ONE 1.1 STAIR DETAILS

Detailing of stairs and preparing their bar bending schedules

Fig. 1.1 stairs

Coursework / Practical Students are to draw reinforcement details for special stairs and attempt to its bar

bending schedule sheets

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WEEK TWO 2.1 SPECIAL STAIRS AND PILE FOUNDATION

DETAILS

Detailing of stairs and pile foundation and preparing their bar bending schedule

sheet

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Fig. 2.1 Special stairs

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2.2 Pile foundation

Fig. 2.2. Piles

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COURSEWORK / PRACTICAL Students are to draw special stairs and pile foundation and attempt to prepare

their bar bending schedule sheet.

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WEEK THREE 3.1 STEEL STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS

The training of the structural steel drafter is of vital importance to the engineering

profession, the construction industry and every structural steel fabricator.

Steel produced at the rolling mills and shipped to the fabricating shop comes in a

wide variety of shapes and sizes. e.g

Universal beam, column, channel, angle; structural tees, Hollow structural

section – consisting of round, square and rectangular section, plates, round and

rectangular bars.

Standard hot rolled section are produced in three grades of steel 43, 50 and 55.

These numbers when multiplied by 10 give the maximum tensile strength of the

steel in N/mm2. By adding chromium and copper to grade 50 steel during

manufacture, a weather resistant steel is produced which does not require a

protective coating.

Universal beam, column, joists and channels are described by their depth,

breadth, mass per metre and length required in that order. The standard

abbreviations used are as follows:

Universal beam - IUB

Universal column - IUC

Rolled steel joist - RSJ

Rolled steel channel - RSC

The expression 457x 152 x 60 UB x 7440

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Fig. 3.1 Universal sections

Means a universal beam with a depth of 457mm, width of 152mm, weighing

60kg/metre and 7440mm long.

Cold rolled section are formed by folding flat sheet steel into a variety of shapes

like toughing, decking, cladding, zed and channel sections.

steel section may be shown in true shape on large –scale drawings but on small

–scale drawing they are shown symbolically as thick lines together with important

section properties

COURSEWORK Students are to draw at least twelve structural steelwork shapes available in the

Nigerian market

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WEEK FOUR 4.1 CONNECTION BETWEEN STEEL MEMBERS

There are many ways of connecting the various elements of steel structure. The

decision as to which will be used will have to be taken by the designer from his

knowledge of the forces they will have to transmit.

Bolts, Rivets, or welds are usually used for connecting two steel members,.

Three qualities of bolts are available

a. Black bolts - common bolts, with un-machined shanks.

b. Close – tolerance turned bolts: accurately turned or machine bolts used

where ship and vibration are undesirable.

c. High-strength friction grip bolts. Grade yield or 0.2% proof stress

4.6 - 240N/mm2

8.8 - 640N/mm2

The nominal diameter of the bolt is the diameter of its shank and is given in mm.

e.g M16, M20, M22. - BS4190.

The process of riveting involves heating the rivet until it is red hot, inserting it in

the matched holes in the members to be connected and then forming a cup-

shaped head on the other end of the rivet by means of suitable dies and a

hammer.

Welded connections is an alternation to shop bolting. Welded connection have

the advantage, of saving in weight of the cleats and splice plates, avoidance of

loss of strength of sections by drilling holes in them and a smoother and more

easily maintained profile. The two basic welds are:

Fillet welds and built welds.

Fillet welds are he commonest and designers will sometimes prefer to extend on

2 plate so as to get a fillet weld instead of a butt weld. But welds are formed in a

variety of shapes often requiring the butting edges to be specially prepared.

Symbols are used to denote the various types of weld and these are extracted

from BS499 part 2: symbols for welding. The symbols are used in association

with a sloping arrow line pointing to the location of the weld. Attached to the

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arrow line is a reference line drawn horizontally. There must be a change of

direction between arrow line and reference line.

Fig. 4.1 Welding symbols

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4.2 Connections

Fig. 4.2 Connections

1. Column bases to foundation, usually concrete

2. Beams to columns

3. Beams to beams

4. Splicing beams and column splices

Fig. 4.3 Connections column to column

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Fig. 4.4 Connection column to foundation

COURSEWORK / PRACTICAL Students are to prepare working drawings for connections in structural steelwork:

Beam to beam

Beam to column

Column to column

Column to foundation

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WEEK FIVE 5.1 BUILDING SERVICES DRAWINGS

Fig. 5.1 Plumbing drawings

Plumbing work drawings

- water supply to the building

- Sanitary pipe work

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Fig. 5.2 Plumbing-work drawing

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Fig 5.3 Wash-hand basin

The building regulation require that every soil and waste appliance be adequately

trapped with a satisfactory water seal and have means of access for internal

cleansing. The entry of foul air from the drainage system into the building is

prevented by the installation of suitable traps which should be self cleansing.

Drainage systems must be designed to provide efficient and economical method

of carrying water borne waste in such a way as to avoid the risk of pipe blockage

and the escape of effluent into the ground.

Sewer arrangements

- Combined systems

- Separate system

- Partially separate system

Access to drains: This is required for inspection and rodding to clear blockage.

The means of access is the inspection chambers. Inspection chambers becomes

a manhole when the depth exceeds 900mm .

Inspection chambers or manholes are mainly provided at:

- Changes of direction and gradient

- Junction of two or more sewers

- Wherever the pipe diameter changes in size

- The head of the sewer

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INTERCEPTORS

An interceptor or intercepting trap is used to intercept by means of a water seal

at least 62mm deep the foul air from a sewer or cesspool from entering a house

drainage inspection chamber or manhole and is provided with a rodding arm to

give access to the section of drain between the trap and the sewer or cesspool.

A cesspool is an underground chamber constructed for the reception and storage

of foul water.

Cesspool are different to septic tanks in that they only contain the sewage for a

period of time and have to be pumped out at frequent interval according to their

capacity and usage

COURSEWORK Students to draw line diagram of plumbing work for water supply and drainage

system

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WEEK SIX 6.1 WATER TANK INSTALLATION DETAILS

Fig. 6.1 water tank installation

Coursework Students to prepare working drawing for plumbing work

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WEEK SEVEN 7.1 MANHOLE DETAILS

Manhole and inspection chamber details

Fig 7.1 Manhole

Coursework Student to prepare working drawing of manhole and inspection chamber

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WEEK EIGHT 8.1 SEPTIC TANK DETAIL

Septic tank and soak away pit details

Fig. 8.1 Septic tank

In areas where there are no public sewers to direct household drains septic tanks

are used. In the septic tank, heavier solids settle at the bottom as sludge and

lighter solids rise and form a scum which acts as a surface seal and permits

decomposition by bacteria.

SOAKAWAY PIT

Where there is no possibility of recycling the waste water or being used for

farmland, the pit is constructed beside the septic tank to dispose the treated

waste into the surrounding ground.

COURSEWORK / PRACTICAL

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Students to prepare working drawings for septic tank and soak away pit

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WEEK NINE 9.1 INSTALLATION OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

Air conditioning provides a comfortable climate within the structure. A good air

conditioning system controls all the principal factors that affect human comfort.

That is the right temperature the right amount of moisture and a controlled supply

of fresh, clean, odourless air.

Table 9.1 Air conditioning unit

Air conditioning system Mechanical unit Energy sources

Temperature control Heating

Refrigeration

Gas, coal, electricity,

wood,

Gas, electricity

Humidity control Humidifier de humidifier Electricity

Ventilation Fan, intake and Exhaust

filter

Electricity

Line diagram is used to represent the units on drawings

COURSEWORK Students to draw the installation layout plan for air-conditioning system

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WEEK TEN 10.1 ROAD DESIGN PRESENTATION

Road design drawings should include the following

1. A layout plan

2. A longitudinal section

3. A cross section

LAYOUT PLAN

This is normally presented to a scale of 1:500. The layout plan should show the

existing details (as broken lines) and the proposed work (as continuous lines).

The layout plan normally includes the following details

- The horizontal alignment

- The existing drains, manholes culverts

- Location of bridges, and railway level crossings

- Existing footpath and proposed paths

- The direction of the North

Normally drawn to the following scales

Horizontal 1:500

Vertical 1:100

10.2 Longitudinal section

Details on the longitudinal section

- The datum from which all levels are measured

- The existing ground levels

- The chainage along the centre line of the road.

- The proposed longitudinal profile of the road

- The existing /proposed invert level of drains and culverts

- The gradient of the proposed road

- The vertical curves of the proposed road.

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Fig.10.1 Longitudinal section

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10.3 CROSS – SECTIONS

Normally drawn the following scales:

Horizontal 1:100

Vertical 1:50 or 1:100

Fig. 10.2 Cross section

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DETAILS TO BE SHOWN

- The extent of the road reserve

- The datum from which all levels are taken

- The existing ground level

- The chainage from the centre line of the road to edge of the road reserve.

- The proposed road levels at the edges and along the centre line.

- The proposed and existing invert levels of drains and culverts

- The cross- slope of the road

- The thickness of the layers.

COURSEWORK / PRACTICAL Students to draw the proposed road profile: the longitudinal and cross sections .

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WEEK ELEVEN 11.1 CANAL AND IRRIGATION ENGINEERING

The most commonly used systems embrace porous or perforated pipes or gravel

–filled trenches laid to one of the following arrangement.

- Natural:- the drains follow natural depression or valleys on the site with

branches discharging into the main pipe

- Herringbone: - A number of main drains into which smaller subsidiary

- Grid:- main drain are laid near the boundaries of a site into which

branches discharge from one side only.

Fan:- The drains converge to a single outlet at one point on the boundary of the

site without the sue of the site without the use of a main drain.

- Circular section

- Triangular section

CANAL SECTION

- Natural, irregular channels section

- Trapezoidal sections

- Rectangular section

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11.2 EARTH DAM

Fig. 11.1 Earth dam

Earth dams consisting entirely of impervious material at the centre made of clay

puddles and graded aggregate the finest to boulder stones, from the clay

puddles outwards, provides the most economical dam for irrigation purposes

COURSEWORK / PRACTICAL Students to draw and detail canal sections in relation to their engineering economy.

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WEEK TWELVE 12.1 SITE VISIT Students to be taken on excursion to dam site, irrigation project site and road project site

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WEEK THIRTEEN 13.1 COMPUTER AIDED DRAWING The use of CAD to produce working drawings

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WEEK FOURTEEN 14.1 COMPUTER AIDED DRAWING The use of CAD to produce working drawings

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WEEK FIFTEEN 15.1 SITE VISIT Students to write technical report on project sites visited

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