CCSM Simulations w/CORE Forcing Some preliminary results and a discussion of dataset issues Marika Holland With much input from Bill Large Steve Yeager
Jan 02, 2016
CCSM Simulations w/CORE ForcingSome preliminary results and a discussion of
dataset issues
Marika Holland
With much input from
Bill Large
Steve Yeager
Experiments Using CORE Forcing
Configuration Forcing Years Case
Ocean alone NYF 129 gx1v3.302
Ocean-Ice NYF 400 (running out to 500)
gx1v3.411
Ocean alone IVF 4x43 gx1v3.210
Ice alone IVF 1x43 M_controlYL
CORE-II Ocn-Only Experiments• Purpose of experiments
– Attribution of upper ocean biases in CCSM3 (Large and Danabasoglu, ‘05)
– Ocean variability and process studies (Yeager and Large, 2004; Capotondi et al., 2005)
• Protocol– Initialized with Levitus/PHC, no motion– 4x43 year cycles– Salinity Forcing
• Precipitation factor used• Weak restoring with piston velocity of 50m/4yrs globally• Specified ice-ocean flux from coupled run• Frazil ice formation salinity flux
Attribution of Upper Ocean Biases in CCSM3
Large and Danabasoglu, 2005
Equatorial Pacific Zonal Velocity
Coupled run biases
• upper ocean shear in west
• westward surface flow at 140E
Absent in Ocean-only runs
Associated with the lack of westerly wind bursts that are present in the observations
OBS
OceanOnly
Coupled
Attribution of Upper Ocean Biases in CCSM3
Large and Danabasoglu, 2005
Pacific Zonal Velocity at 140W
Coupled and Ocean-Only biases
• Westward SEC too weak
• Eastward NECC too weak
Coupled biases
• Too symmetric about equator
• Presence of a SECC
• Associated with symmetric atmospheric forcing
OBS
OceanOnly
Coupled
Attribution of Upper Ocean Biases in CCSM3
Large and Danabasoglu, 2005
Equatorial Pacific (2S-2N mean) Potential Temperature
Coupled and Ocean-only biases
• Warm bias indicative of a reduced temperature gradient
Coupled bias
• Cold bias at 100-200m depth, 180E
• Boundary layer not penetrating deep enough - related to sfc buoyancy forcing
OBS
Ocean OnlyMinus OBS
Coupled-OBS
Ice-Only ExperimentsCORE-II Forcing
• Purpose of Experiments– Examine issues/difficulties in validating sea ice models– Perform simulations with different forcing datasets, – Perform simulations with variations in parameter values – quantify uncertainty due to model forcing vs model
physics– Currently a single cycle of forcing performed with
NCEP and with Large-Yeager (43 years)
• Protocol– Initial ice conditions from a previous ice-only run– Ocean heat flux convergence specified (held fixed) from
a CCSM3 coupled integration
Arctic Ice Variability
Winter Variability Very SimilarSummer Variability Quite Different. Associated with Mean Differences.
Antarctic Sept Averaged Sea Ice
NCEPLarge-Yeager
• NCEP forcing results in thicker ice cover
• SH variability very similar between runs
New/Extended Data Available• IVF data through 2004 available at NCAR. • Should be checked out early in the new year. • Future CCSM IVF runs will run through 2004. • No intention of recomputing NYF (with data to 2004)
– Should the GFDL IVF data base be extended?
New/Extended Radiation Data• Radiation data has just arrived • Contains "replacements" for the previous data for
January ‘97 - June ‘01. • "replacements may have some minor effects in
terms of global means (up to a few tenths W/m2) but there are some large flux values changes (> 100 W/m2) for a few grid cells (primarily land areas) for a few flux components.”
– Should we use the "replacement" data?
Dataset Issues - Tropical Humidity• Comparison of TOA and NCEP humidity (Jiang et al., 2005 )
fundamentally different than earlier comparison (Wang and McPhaden, 2000) on which tropical corrections were based.
• In tropical E Pac, new study consistent with SOC (NOT in west). • New comparison and SOC suggest humidity corrections should NOT be
zonally uniform (as currently done). • Considering exploring an objective alternative SOC-based correction that
depends on both lat and lon. (ERA-40 consistency) – What should be done for CORE? Should we work with relative or
specific humidity ?
• Elizabeth Hunke (LANL) believes that the corrected humidity is still too high over Arctic Sea ice.
• She is trying to gather some data sets to quantify the possible problem, so that the correction could be improved.– Are there Arctic humidity data available?
Dataset Issues - Arctic Humidity
• Mean wind stress in NYF based on 1958-2000 • Southern ocean has trend in zonal wind stress to
increasing westerlies. • If ACC transport tuned to winds from later years, a
weaker ACC will result when forced with NYF.– Should mean NYF be based on 1958-2000, 1983-
2000, 1958-2004, 1983-2004 ?
Dataset Issues - Normal Year Winds
Dataset Issues - Wind Direction• NCEP wind direction has been compared to QSCAT. • There are 2 small regions of systematic bias; in the ITCZ
regions of central N Pacific, along the Pacific coast of S America.
• Possible correction being considered to adjust the mean and standard deviation of the wind direction
• N’=Q + (Q(N-N)• So N’ (corrected NCEP direction) is a function of the mean
QSCAT direction and the ratio of the standard deviations – Should corrections be applied? How? Globally?
• The 5% reduction made to the solar radiation is supported by measurements from TAO and PIRATA bouys in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic.– Has anyone else found a similar or different result?
Dataset Issues - Solar Radiation Corrections
Dataset Issues - Heat Imbalance
• Normal year forcing, when used with obs SST has a global ocean heat flux imbalance of -5 W/m2, compared to -1 W/m2 for the IVF (1958-2000).– Is this a problem?– Will be looking into in
any case.
NYF
+5 W/m2
+10 W/m2