Causes of WWII 1919-1938
Causes of WWII
1919-1938
Treaty of VersaillesForced Germany to
give up land, disarm, and pay Reparations to the Allies at the end of WWI
Rhineland
ReparationsGermany had to pay
the Allies $33 Billion in damages causing Hyperinflation and Depression in Germany
DateGerman Mark US$
1919 4.2 1
1921 75 1
1922 400 1
Jan. 1923 7,000 1
Jul. 1923 160,000 1
Aug. 1923 1,000,000 1
Nov. 1, 1923 1,300,000,000 1
Nov. 15, 1923 1,300,000,000,000 1
Nov. 16, 1923 4,200,000,000,000 1
Nazi Party Adolf Hitler took control of the Nazi Party in Germany in 1923
The Nazis tried to start a revolution against the Weimar government in 1923, but the leaders were captured and thrown in jail
While in jail, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf
which described how he planned to make Germany powerful again
By 1933, Hitler’s party won a majority in the German Parliament
Hitler was elected Chancellor in 1933
Lebensraum
In Mein Kampf, Hitler said the German people needed Lebensraum or “living space”
Hitler wanted to unite the German speaking people of Europe under the Third Reich
Rearming
In 1933, Hitler broke the Treaty of
Versailles
He stopped paying reparations and rearmed Germany, boosting the economy
Rhineland
In 1936 Hitler sent German troops into the Rhineland
Sudetenland
In March, 1938, Hitler invaded Austria
In September, the Germans occupied the Sudetenland
Czechoslovakia begged the Allies for help
Munich PactAs Hitler took Lebensraum, the Allies tried to appease him
September 30, 1938 the Allies signed the Munich Pact w/ Hitler
This gave Germany control over Czechoslovakia with Hitler’s promise that he would not try to take any more land
Appeasement
Non-Aggression Pact
Signed in August
1939
Public: Hitler and Stalin promised not to attack each other
Secret: Agreed to split Poland between them
Operation: HimmlerSeptember 1, 1939:
“Polish” units attack German radio station/border positions
Germany invades Poland in “self-defense”
Two weeks later Soviet Army invades Poland from the East and Poland surrenders
"I shall give a propaganda reason for starting the war. The victor will not be asked whether he told the truth."
-Adolf Hitler
BlitzkriegGerman battle
strategy
Coordinated attacks by Tanks, Infantry, and StukaDive bombers
Blitzkrieg
SUPPLIES
Poland Split
Germany took Western Poland and the USSR took Eastern Poland
England and France declare war on Germany