Cause & Effect: British Rule in India

Cause & Effect: Cause & Effect: British Rule in British Rule in

IndiaIndia

Rise of the British East India Rise of the British East India CompanyCompany CausesCauses land and tradeland and trade lack of Indian unity/rival lack of Indian unity/rival

kingdoms/conflictkingdoms/conflict long decline of Mughal Empirelong decline of Mughal Empire Seven Years War (1756 – 1763)Seven Years War (1756 – 1763)

British/French Rivalry British/French Rivalry Treaty of Paris 1763: Britain rights in IndiaTreaty of Paris 1763: Britain rights in India

Robert Clive: BEIC Robert Clive: BEIC

Rise of the British East India Rise of the British East India CompanyCompany EffectsEffects competition between British and French competition between British and French

for for control of India – defeat of French in control of India – defeat of French in BengalBengal

wealth from Indiawealth from India right to collect taxes from Mughal right to collect taxes from Mughal

EmpireEmpire protect BEIC with laws and courtsprotect BEIC with laws and courts control more land – direct/indirect rule control more land – direct/indirect rule

Sepoy Rebellion (1857) Sepoy Rebellion (1857) CausesCauses sepoy: Indian troop who served in British sepoy: Indian troop who served in British

ArmyArmy 1st wide spread Indian rebellion1st wide spread Indian rebellion grievances against British rulegrievances against British rule interfered with social and religious customsinterfered with social and religious customs ExamplesExamples

High taxes on farmersHigh taxes on farmers Resentment of Christian missionariesResentment of Christian missionaries Lose caste if traveled overseasLose caste if traveled overseas Muslim and Hindus togetherMuslim and Hindus together cartridge greasecartridge grease

Mangal Mangal PandeyPandey(19 July 1827 – 8 (19 July 1827 – 8 April 1857)April 1857)

Indian soldier who played Indian soldier who played a key part in events a key part in events immediately preceding the immediately preceding the outbreak of the Sepoy outbreak of the Sepoy

contemporary British contemporary British opinion considered him a opinion considered him a traitor and mutineertraitor and mutineer

Pandey is widely regarded Pandey is widely regarded as a freedom fighter in as a freedom fighter in modern India. modern India.

1984, the Indian 1984, the Indian government issued a government issued a postage stamp to postage stamp to commemorate him. commemorate him.

Sepoy Rebellion Sepoy Rebellion

EffectsEffects India becomes a British India becomes a British

colony/direct rule (1858)colony/direct rule (1858) Act for Better Government For IndiaAct for Better Government For India

increased distrust between Indians increased distrust between Indians and Britishand British

official start of British Raj (British official start of British Raj (British rule in India)rule in India)

British Improved Indian British Improved Indian Infrastructure Infrastructure

CausesCauses the British wanted to increase trade the British wanted to increase trade

and control their colonyand control their colony Sepoy Rebellion Sepoy Rebellion

British Improved Indian British Improved Indian Infrastructure Infrastructure

EffectsEffects improved/built roads, railroads, improved/built roads, railroads,

modernized ports, telegraphs, schools, modernized ports, telegraphs, schools, health carehealth care

improved response to improved response to uprisings/disastersuprisings/disasters

increased tradeincreased trade better control of colony by Britishbetter control of colony by British India more connected India more connected

New Economic Patterns New Economic Patterns

CausesCauses British RajBritish Raj Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Need for raw materials and foreign Need for raw materials and foreign marketsmarkets

Discouraged local Indian industries Discouraged local Indian industries and limited Indian imports to Britain and limited Indian imports to Britain

New Economic Patterns New Economic Patterns

Effects (Listing Question)Effects (Listing Question) Destroyed Indian traditional economyDestroyed Indian traditional economy

Locally made goods disappearedLocally made goods disappeared Indians bought expensive British made Indians bought expensive British made

products: importsproducts: imports Cash crop economyCash crop economy

Less food cropsLess food crops India dependent on Great BritainIndia dependent on Great Britain

Social Changes Social Changes

CausesCauses British Raj: imposed British way of lifeBritish Raj: imposed British way of life better health care/improved sanitary better health care/improved sanitary

conditionsconditions need for jobsneed for jobs schools/colleges for higher castesschools/colleges for higher castes ethnocentrism of British education ethnocentrism of British education Outlawed certain customsOutlawed certain customs

Social Changes Social Changes Effects (Listing Question)Effects (Listing Question) population growthpopulation growth UrbanizationUrbanization Loss of traditional ways of lifeLoss of traditional ways of life British educated Indian middle classBritish educated Indian middle class

make like British (p.197)make like British (p.197) English a common languageEnglish a common language learned about liberty, freedom, learned about liberty, freedom,

democracydemocracy resentment to British rule = rise of resentment to British rule = rise of

Indian nationalismIndian nationalism

Formation of the INC Formation of the INC (1885) (1885)

CausesCauses Indian Educated elite = learning Indian Educated elite = learning

about liberty, freedom, democracyabout liberty, freedom, democracy wanted to return to Hindu traditions wanted to return to Hindu traditions

= Hindu nationalism= Hindu nationalism wanted political reform wanted political reform

Formation of the INC Formation of the INC (1885) (1885)

EffectsEffects gradual political change/more gov’t gradual political change/more gov’t

jobs to Indiansjobs to Indians 1920: Gandhi: wanted home rule1920: Gandhi: wanted home rule

Formation of the Muslim Formation of the Muslim League (1906) League (1906)

CausesCauses Hindu Nationalism/Formation of INCHindu Nationalism/Formation of INC respect for Muslim Culture/past respect for Muslim Culture/past

conflictsconflicts protection of Muslim rightsprotection of Muslim rights Muhammad Ali JinnahMuhammad Ali Jinnah

Formation of the Muslim Formation of the Muslim League (1906) League (1906)

EffectsEffects Increased tension between Hindus Increased tension between Hindus

and Muslimsand Muslims Push to divide India into 2 nations Push to divide India into 2 nations

based on religionbased on religion

ClosureClosure With a partner or independently With a partner or independently

evaluate whether the economic and evaluate whether the economic and social changes were positive (+) or social changes were positive (+) or negative (-) on India.negative (-) on India.

1.1. Place a “+” for positive or a “-” next to Place a “+” for positive or a “-” next to each effect under “New Economic each effect under “New Economic Patterns” and “Social Changes”Patterns” and “Social Changes”

2.2. On the back of the Chart:On the back of the Chart:Were the effects of the British Raj on India Were the effects of the British Raj on India mostly positive or negative? Support your mostly positive or negative? Support your answer with several pieces of evidence.answer with several pieces of evidence.