Cardiac chamber enlargement

Radiology DepartmentHayat Abad Medical Complex

Mitral stenosis/ regurgitation LVF LA myxoma VSD PDA

Double right heart border >75° splaying of carina with horizontal

orientation of left main bronchus Enlarged left convex left atrial appendage Increased density of chamber >7 cm distance b/w left main stem

bronchus and right lateral LA shadow

Increased convexity of posterio-superior cardiac margin

Posterior displacement of left main bronchus

Posterior displacement of barium filled esophagus

Tricuspid stenosis/ regurgitation ASD AF Ebstein anomaly Pulmonary atresia

Enlarges in rightward and posterior direction

Prominent round superior border at junction with SVC

>5.5 cm from midline to most lateral RA margin

>2.5 cm from right vertebral margin

Pressure overload: HTN, AS Volume overload: VSD, AR, MR Aneurysm Cardiomyopathy

Enlarges in post, inferior and leftward direction

Increased CTR Larger radius of curvature of left heart

border Downturned cardiac apex Depression of left hemidiaphragm

Increased convexity of posteroinferior cardiac margin

Hofman rigler rule: posterior cardiac margin projects >1.8 cm post to IVC measured at a point 2cm above intersection of IVC with right hemidiaphragm

PV stenosis Cor pulmonale ASD Tricuspid regurgitation Secondary to LVF

Only extreme dilatation causes signs on frontal view

Straightening/ convexity of left upper cardiac contour

Upturned cardiac apex Left upper cardiac margin parallels left main

stem bronchus as a long convex curvature Large appearance of MPA Occurs higher on the left heart border b/w

left ventricular contour and pulmonary outflow tract

Prominent convexity of ant heart border >1/3 distance from anterior cardiophrenic sulcus to sternal angle

Increased size prominent in retrosternal area

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