CARBON COMPOUNDS The Chemistry of Life
Dec 28, 2015
OBJECTIVES
• Define organic compound and name three elements often found in organic compounds.
• Explain why Carbon forms so many different compounds.
• Define functional group and explain its significance.
• Compare a condensation reaction with hydrolysis.
CARBON BONDING
• Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer energy level.
• A Carbon atom readily forms 4 covalent bonds with other elements.
• Commonly hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
CARBON BONDING• Carbon also readily
forms bonds with other Carbon atoms, forming straight chains, branched chains, or rings.
• When atoms share one pair of electrons it is a single bond.
• When they share two pairs it is a double bond.
• Three pairs is a triple.
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS• Clusters of atoms that
influence the properties of the molecules they compose
• The structural building block that determines the characteristics of the compound.
• Hydroxyl group (-OH)
• An alcohol is an organic molecule with a hydroxyl group.
• Makes alcohol polar!
LARGE CARBON MOLECULES
• Many carbon molecules are built up from smaller, simpler molecules called monomers.
• These monomers bond together to form complex molecules called polymers.
• Polymers consist of repeated, linked units.
• Large polymers are called macromolecules.
MAKING AND BREAKING POLYMERS
• Monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction called a condensation reaction.
• Two monomers become linked by a C-O-C bridge
• One molecule releases a OH-, and the other an H+. These combine to form a water molecule