carbon capture and storage

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A Seminar Presentation

on “CARBON CAPTURE & STORAGE”

PRESENTED BY:Khushboo Choudhary

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Content About CCS Basic Knowledge of System Capture system of CO2 Transport of CO2 Carbon Sequestration Current Project of CCS Environmental effect of CCS Challenges CCS Conclusion

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Carbon Capture & Storage

CCS is a technology to prevent large quantities of carbon dioxide or CO2 from being released into the atmosphere by capturing CO2 and storing it that it does not enter the atmosphere.

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The technology involves process:1. Collection (Capturing)2. Transportation3. Tamping (Storing)

CCS System

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Capture Of CO2

1. Pre-combustion capture system

2. Post-combustion capture system

3. Oxy-fuel combustion capture system

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• In this process the carbon dioxide is removed before combustion takes place. • In these cases, the fossil fuel is partially oxidized, for instance in a gasifier.

• The resulting syngas (CO and H2O) is shifted into CO2 and more H2.

• The resulting CO2 can be captured from a relatively pure exhaust stream. The H2 can now be used as fuel.

•The technology for pre-combustion is widely applied in fertilizer, chemical, gaseous fuel (H2, CH4), and power production.

Pre-combustion capture System

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Pre combustion system ( Pre-combustion capture system)

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• The CO2 is removed after combustion of the fossil fuel

• This is the scheme that would be applied to fossil-fuel burning power plants

• Carbon dioxide is captured from flue gases at power stations or other large point sources.

• The technology is well understood and is currently used in other industrial applications

Post combustion capture System

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Post combustion system

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Oxy fuel Combustion system

• Fuel is burned in the presence of oxygen.

• Than it eliminates the nitrogen from the flue gases.

• Combustion temperature of about 35000C.

• The net flue gas have 80-90% CO2.

• The efficiency of Oxy-fuel combustion capture system is near about 100%

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Oxy-fuel gas turbine cycle

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Overview of CO2 Capture

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Existing Technology

Absorption Process(Amine Based)

Low energy use & cost

High Efficiency High Selectivity

CO2 purity= 99.9%

(Post Combustion Capture System)

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(Post Combustion Capture System)

Emerging Technology

Membrane Based• Amine Membrane• Pot. Carbonate Poly. Gel Membrane• Poly electrolyte membrane

Solid Sorbents• Li based Sorbent• CaO based Sorbent

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Transport of CO2

CO2 is transported in three states:

• Gas• Liquid • Solid

Transportation system used:

• Pipeline transportation system• Marine Transportation system

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Specifications for transportation of CO2 in pipeline• Carbon Dioxide: Minimal of 95% of CO2 should be present.

• Water: No free water should be present.

• Sulphur: less than 1450 ppm

• Temperature: not more than 48.9 °C.

• Nitrogen: not exceed more than 4%.

• Oxygen: less than 10 ppm by weight.

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• Carbon sequestration describes long-term storage of carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon to either mitigate or defer global warming.

• Carbon sequestration is the process of storing carbon underground to curb the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Carbon Sequestration

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Storage of CO2

Geological Storage:-The subsurface of the earth Largest carbon reservoirs where the vast majority of world’s carbon held in coal ,oil, gas organic rich shells, and carbonate rock.

There is two types of storage:1. Underground Storage2. Ocean storage

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Geological storage system

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Ocean storage system

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Understanding

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World storage station

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Currently only 4 projects are working worldwide.

• Sleipner : (1996)

• Salah : (2004)

• Weyburn : (2005)

• Snøvit : (2008)

• The first demonstration plant in the UK will be operational from 2015.

CCS: Current projects

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• Sleipner – Norway

• Motivation for injection/storage

• Storage in saline formation (200 m thick, at 800-1000 m depth)

• 3000 t CO2 /day (1 Mt annually)

• Total storage planned : 20,000,000 t CO2

Current project - Sleipner

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In Salah – Algeria

Separation of CO2 from natural gas in amine contactor towers

Storage in gas field

3-4000 t CO2 /day

Total planned storage: 17,000,000 t CO2

Current project - Salah

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Current project - Weyburn

• Southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

• Motivation for injection/storage

• Storage in saline formation

• injecting 26 million tonnes (net) over the lifetime of the project

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Current project - Snøvit

In northern – Norway

CO2 content in gas extracted is too high for commercial use

Separation of CO2 from natural gas in amine contactor towers

capture and storage capacity of 700,000 tonnes of CO2 per year

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Leakages Uncertainty about magnitude ...... but likely to be very small

(0.1% - 1% in different studies)

Monitoring

Infrastructure needs: Large and long-term investments required for transportation and separation.

CCS Challenges

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Conclusion

• CCS really plays a main role in reduction of Greenhouse gases ,but this is not enough .There is a need of more research which help in securing the storage and other protection technique.

• The challenges against the CCS is about the cost, it really need to reduce it.

• There are many gaps in knowledge which really need to clear it out.

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………Thank you……

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Queries…….?