Carbon Capture and Storage: Technology Innovation and Market Viability February 23 rd , 2011 *Note about slideshow: Each Participant must individually control the slideshow- please follow along with speakers by scrolling along at right. Speakers will indicate when time to move to next slide. Thank you. 1
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Carbon Capture and Storage: Technology Innovation and Market Viability
February 23rd, 2011
*Note about slideshow: Each Participant must individually control the slideshow- please follow along with speakers by scrolling along at right. Speakers will indicate when time to move to next slide. Thank you.
1
Carbon Capture and Storage: Technology Innovation and Market
Viability
US Department of Energy, Dr. Darren Mollot, Ph.D., Director, Office of Clean Energy Systems US Department of Energy, Mark Ackiewicz, Program Manager, Division of Carbon Capture and Storage Research Carbozyme, Dr. Michael C. Trachtenberg, Ph.D., CEO and CTO HTC PureEnergy, Jeff Allison, Senior VP
Lime slurry and ceramic Intalox saddle packing for the polishing
scrubber. Packed tower used due to small scale of the test unit.
Time
1
10
100
1000
10000
11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30
SO
2 p
pm
v
2600
860
3300
5.03 5.09 4.82
SO2 Out of Combustor
SO2 Out of Scrubber 1
SO2 Out of Polishing Scrubber
CZ SOx Acceptance Limit, 7 ppmv
62 56 53.5
SO2 measurement method detection limit, 4 ppmv
SOX Scrubbing
Competitive Landscape
Source: EPRI case 7A plus internal CZ data for CZ solution
Criteria Attributes Enzyme-based
Facilitation Ammonia Systems Amine Systems
Company Carbozyme Alstom,
PowerSpan
MHI,
HTC PureEnergy
Technology
Chemistry Enzyme-based
Facilitation
Chilled and Warm
Ammonia
Secondary &
Tertiary Amines
Mass Transfer Membrane Packed column Packed column
Platform Skids Tower Tower or Pre-built
Performance
Metrics
$ per Tonne of CO2
Capture
(OpEx + CapEx)
$15 - $25 $35 - $80 $40 - $60
Process Comparison
AMINES AMMONIA HOT
CARBONATE
CARBOZYME
CHEMISTRY Primary or
Secondary +
Tertiary
Amines
Ammonia Metal
Bicarbonate
Enzyme Catalyzed
Metal Bicarbonate
CHEMICAL
PROCESS
Homogenous
Reaction
Homogenous
Reaction
Homogenous
Reaction
Heterogeneous
Catalysis
MASS
TRANSFER
Packed
Column
Packed Column Packed Column Membrane
Contactor or
Packed Column
ABSORPTION 50°C
Low NOx; SOx
<10ppmv
<10°C
Low NOx; SOx
<10ppmv
50°C
Low NOx; SOx
<10ppmv
50°C
Low NOx; SOx
<10ppmv
DESORPTION Thermal Swing
– 120°C
Thermal Swing
– >100°C
Thermal Swing –
120°C
Vacuum Swing +
Thermal Swing –
65°C
PARASITIC
LOAD
25 – 40% ~30% >45% <20%
SCALABILITY No No No Yes
Chemical Absorption Approaches
Process Chemistry
HCO3-
Absorption
CO2
E-Zn*OH
E-Zn*HCO3
E-Zn*HOH
H*E-Zn*OH
H2O
B-
BH
Hydration
Dehydration
kcat
KM
Desorption
Convert CO2 to
bicarbonate
Convert bicarbonate
to CO2
Create OH- from H2O
Use Zn-OH to attack CO2
H+
H2O
HCO3-
CO2 Concentration Range
Flu
x (
mole
s C
O2/m
2-s
)
Desorber Performance
CO2 Desorber – 14% CO2
CO2 Desorption with and without Immobilized Enzyme
Carbon Capture and Storage Agrion Webinar
Feb , 2011
HTC Purenergy Inc. Proprietary Information - Confidential
HTC & the International Test Centre for CO2 Capture located at University of Regina, Canada
ITC
PTRC HTC
HTC Purenergy Inc. Proprietary Information - Confidential
ITC‟ s Research
Facilities
HTC Purenergy Inc. Proprietary Information - Confidential Page 34
Technology Demonstration and Validation at the Pilot Plant Scale
Boundary Dam Demo
HTC Purenergy Inc. Proprietary Information - Confidential
HTC Product Development Facilities
HTC Purenergy Inc. Proprietary Information - Confidential
Founded in 1997 now commercializing opportunities in Carbon Capture, Carbon Management and Carbon Mitigation.
Successful CO2 Management: technology licensor, OEM supplier, and project developer of world leading carbon technologies.
HTC’s Technology Centre is commercially aligned with Doosan, University of Regina’s International Test Centre for CO2 Capture, and International Risk Assessment Centre.
CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery technical expertise and close proximity to Weyburn EOR field.
Commercial Offices in Calgary and Regina Canada, Vermont USA, Sydney Australia.
COMPANY OVERVIEW
POSITIONED TO PROVIDE GLOBAL CCS
SOLUTIONS
36
HTC Purenergy Inc. Proprietary Information - Confidential
TECHNOLOGY GREEN 15™ AWARD
37
Deloitte recognizes top 15 Canadian
companies with major breakthroughs
in “green technology”.
Outstanding contributions towards
technology solutions with significant
and global environmental impact.
Technology demonstrates a compelling
return on investment.
“HTC positions Canada as a global
leader in development of
commercially-viable green technology”.
HTC Purenergy Inc. Proprietary Information - Confidential
CO2 CAPTURE CO2 EOR CO2 STORAGE
1.Technology Licensor 1.Oil Field Analysis/ 1. Geological Profiling
Simulation
2. OEM Supplier 2. Oil Field Economics/ 2. Risk Assessment
project validation
3. Engineering Services 3. CO2 Compression 3. CO2 Inventory Validation
& Injection
4. Carbon Credit
Monitization/Arbitrage
CORE BUSINESS CAPABILITIES
5 38
BUSINESS Partners EPC – Doosan Power Systems
OEM Supply – Modular Systems - Internal
HTC Purenergy Inc. Proprietary Information - Confidential Page 40
DOOSAN HIGH PERFORMING
ORGANISATION
Global Doosan Organisation is active in Manufacture, Engineering, Construction of Power Plant,
Industrial Plant, Engines, Infrastructure, Process and Equipment
“#4 World’s Best Company” Business Week, Sept 2009
“A commitment to innovation, diversified portfolios, aggressive
expansion, strong leadership, and a clear vision for the future”
“#1 For Machinery & Construction”
Boston Consulting Group, Oct 2009
“Top Value Creation Companies over past 5 years”
Doosan recognised as major high-performing global organisation through 2009
HTC Purenergy Inc. Proprietary Information - Confidential Page 41
WORLDWIDE DOOSAN OPERATIONS
Doosan Babcock, headquartered in UK, along with Doosan Heavy, headquartered in South Korea,
have worldwide operational and sales coverage to meet our Clients requirements
Doosan Babcock Operation Doosan Heavy Industry Operation
Doosan Babcock Corporate HQ: Crawley, UK New Build: Crawley, UK EU Ops Centre: Renfrew, UK
Doosan Babcock R&D Centre: Renfrew, UK Carbon Capture COE: Renfrew, UK Aftermarket Service Centres: UK, Germany & Poland
HTC Purenergy
Doosan Heavy Corporate HQ: Seoul, South Korea Manuf: Changwon, South Korea Manuf: Vina, Vietnam
• Increase capital and operating cost results in increased Cost of Electricity (COE) by 80%
4. Regulatory/legislative framework
• Class VI well permits
• Uncertainty regarding control of CO2 emissions
Deployment Barriers for CO2 Capture on
New and Existing Coal Plants Today
PC Boiler
(With SCR)Sulfur
Removal
Particulate
Removal
Ash
Coal
7,760 TPD
STEAM
CYCLE
CO2 Capture
Process*
ID Fan
Air
CO2
2,215 psia680 MWgross
550 MWnet
CO2
Comp.
Flue Gas
CO2 To Storage
16,600 TPD
Low Pressure Steam
Optional Bypass
(<90% Capture)
Fossil Energy CO2 Capture Options
Source: Cost and Performance Baseline for Fossil Energy Power Plants study, Volume 1: Bituminous Coal and Natural Gas to Electricity; NETL, May 2007.
PC Boiler
(No SCR)
Steam
Bag
Filter
Wet
Limestone
FGD
CO2 to
Storage
Ash
ID Fans
~550 MWe
Coal
Limestone
Slurry
Gypsum
Cryogenic
ASU
Flue Gas Recycle
CO2
Purification
2% Air
Leakage
Coal
Gasifier
500-1,000 Psi
1,800-2,500oF
Water Gas
Shift
Cryogenic
ASU
Syngas
Cooler
Steam
2-Stage
Selexol
Sulfur
Recovery
Sulfur
CO2
Comp.
CO2 to Storage
CO2
Steam
Reheat
Fuel Gas
Syngas
Cooler/
Quench
Syngas
Cleanup
~100oF
Water
Combustion
Turbine(s)HRSG
Steam
Turbine
200 – 300 MW
Power Block
2 X 232 MW
Flue Gas
Pulverized Coal (PC) Post-combustion
PC Oxy-combustion
Gasification (IGCC) Pre-combustion
Post-Combustion Capture
Technologies
• Mixed matrix/ionic liquid
• Spiral wound
• Hollow fiber
• Membrane/solvent hybrid
• Cryogenic separation
Membrane R&D Focus
• Cost reduction and scale-up
• PM contamination
• Power plant integration (recycle)
• PCO2 driving force Increased power
consumption
Technologies
• Ionic liquids
• Potassium carbonate/enzymes
• Phase change solvents
• Novel high capacity oligomers
• Bicarbonates/additives
• Molecular simulations
• Enzymes
Technologies
• Metal organic frameworks
• Supported amines (silica, clay)
• Metal zeolites
• Carbon-based
• Alumina
• Sorbent systems development
Solvent R&D Focus
• High CO2 working capacity
• Low regeneration energy
• Fast kinetics
• Thermally and chemically stable
• Non-corrosive, environmentally safe
Sorbent R&D Focus
• High CO2 working capacity
• Dry scrubbing
• Fast reaction kinetics
• Durability: thermal, chemical,
mechanical
• Gas/solid systems: low P drop, heat
management
Oxy-combustion Capture
Oxycombustion R&D Focus • New oxyfuel boilers
• Advanced materials and
burners
• Corrosion
• Retrofit existing air boilers
• Air leakage, heat transfer,
corrosion
• Low-cost oxygen
• CO2 purification
• Co-capture (CO2 + Sox, Nox,
O2)
Technologies • Oxy-burner design
• Advanced boiler materials
• Chemical looping
• Integrated flue gas
purification
• Gas recycle evaluation
• Oxygen production via air
separation membranes
94
Solvents R&D Focus
• Increase CO2 loading capacity
• Reduce regeneration energy
• Improve reaction kinetics
• Decrease solvent corrosivity
• Reduce solvent volatility and degradation
• Lower capital and operating cost
Sorbents R&D Focus
• Increase CO2 loading capacity
• Reduce regeneration energy
• Improve reaction kinetics
• Increase durability
• Improve heat management
• Lower capital and operating cost
• Optimize process design
Pre-Combustion Capture
Membranes R&D Focus
• Increase permeability
• Increase CO2/H2 selectivity
• Increase durability (chemical, thermal,
physical)
• Optimize membrane process design and
integration within the IGCC power cycle
• Lower capital cost
Technologies
• Metallic membranes
• Polymeric
• Ceramic
• Ceramic-metallic composite
(cermets)
• WGS-membrane reactors
• Gas-liquid contactor/membrane
Technologies
• Activated carbon
• Metal oxides
• Sorbent-enhanced WGS
Technologies
• Ammonium carbonate
• Ionic liquids
Carbon Capture and Storage: Technology Innovation and Market
Viability
Capturing Carbon: Cost and Technical Challenges • What is the viability of gasification methods: pre-combustion, oxyfuel capture technologies, and
post-combustion, including post-combustion supercritical? What has the investment been in each?
• How can we effectively tailor capture methods to specific industry sources (coal-fired power plants, natural gas production, cement kilns, iron reductions?
• How does the technology choice differ for power plant retrofits vs. new build (greenfield)? • Analyzing the cost-benefit: What are the energy penalties and added costs to the power plant?
How can these be reduced?T • How do we reduce the volume of waste material generated from capture? Storing Carbon: Cost and Technical Challenges • How does the cost-per-ton of sequestration change depending on the type of storage (oil and
gas reservoirs, unmineable coal seams, deep saline reservoirs, and deep ocean)? What strategies can be implemented to reduce cost?
• Infrastructural challenges: What is the pipeline capacity needed and how should we organize pipeline networks? What are the avenues for developing sound infrastructure- for compressors, injection wells, monitoring wells, and etc?
• How do we measure and reduce risk? What is the role of liabilities insurance and permitting? • What are the environmental and societal concerns associated with long-term sequestration? • What is the potential of Enhanced Oil Recovery?
95
Carbon Capture and Storage: Technology Innovation and Market
Viability
CCS Investment and Projects • What has been the investment (public, private) in CCS technology? What type and degree of
investment is needed? • What must the price of carbon be for CCS to be viable? How effective are routes to incentivize
CCS via carbon emissions trading? • What are the regulatory barriers for the capture, transport, and storage of CCS? • How can we works towards a policy and incentives framework that will establish a viable CCS
market? • What companies are already beyond the pilot stage and running? What are the economic
returns? What alternative technologies/approaches are underway for the use and re-use of carbon? What peripheral industries can potentially benefit (fuels, fertilizers, products)?
96
Carbon Capture and Storage: Technology Innovation and Market