CARBOHYDRATES CARBOHYDRATES A. Composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen A. Composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen B. Ratio of atoms: 1 C : 2 H : 1 O or B. Ratio of atoms: 1 C : 2 H : 1 O or (CH (CH 2 O) O) n n= n= # Carbon Atoms # Carbon Atoms C. Exists as rings or long chains C. Exists as rings or long chains D. D. Energy storage Energy storage molecule due to C-H molecule due to C-H bonds bonds - - C-H bonds contain a lot of energy- Why do people Carbo-Load? C-H bonds contain a lot of energy- Why do people Carbo-Load?
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CARBOHYDRATES CARBOHYDRATES A. Composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen B. Ratio of atoms: 1 C : 2 H : 1…
Monosaccharides Monosaccharides Mono= 1 Saccharide= Sugar 1. Simple sugars 2. no digestion—absorbed directly 3. Provides quick bursts of energy, not long lasting 4. Fructose & Glucose
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CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATESA. Composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogenA. Composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
B. Ratio of atoms: 1 C : 2 H : 1 O orB. Ratio of atoms: 1 C : 2 H : 1 O or(CH(CH22O)O)nn n= n=# Carbon Atoms# Carbon Atoms
C. Exists as rings or long chainsC. Exists as rings or long chains
D. D. Energy storageEnergy storage molecule due to C-H bonds molecule due to C-H bonds- - C-H bonds contain a lot of energy- Why do people Carbo-Load?C-H bonds contain a lot of energy- Why do people Carbo-Load?
PolysaccharidesPolysaccharidesPoly= manyPoly= many1. Long complex chains of glucose 1. Long complex chains of glucose
moleculesmolecules
2. Insoluble in water- molecule is too big2. Insoluble in water- molecule is too big
3. 3. Stored energyStored energy- lots of C-H bonds - lots of C-H bonds Timed Release- convert to glucose when Timed Release- convert to glucose when energy is neededenergy is needed
4. 3 groups (starch, cellulose, and glycogen)4. 3 groups (starch, cellulose, and glycogen)
a. Glycogena. Glycogen - energy storage found - energy storage found in liver and muscles of animalsin liver and muscles of animals
-can be converted to glucose for -can be converted to glucose for energy when neededenergy when needed
b. Starchb. Starch- stable food storage - stable food storage compound in plantscompound in plants
- 22 to 28 glucose molecules long= - 22 to 28 glucose molecules long= pretty bigpretty big
- baking or boiling starches will break the - baking or boiling starches will break the long chains into useable sugars- so long chains into useable sugars- so does digestiondoes digestion
-Athletes Need This!! -Athletes Need This!!
c. Cellulosec. Cellulose- found in plant cell - found in plant cell wallswalls
-100-200 glucose molecules long-100-200 glucose molecules long
-can not be digested by humans- but -can not be digested by humans- but eaten all the time- do you eat your eaten all the time- do you eat your veggies?veggies?
Where do we get carbs Where do we get carbs from?from?• Simple Sugars- sweet things- candySimple Sugars- sweet things- candy• Double Sugars- Table Sugar(Sucrose) Milk Double Sugars- Table Sugar(Sucrose) Milk
still eaten- Called Dietary Fiber- aids in still eaten- Called Dietary Fiber- aids in digestiondigestion
– Glycogen- we make it! (Liver and musclesGlycogen- we make it! (Liver and muscles))
How Do You Make Organic How Do You Make Organic Compounds?Compounds?• 2 Reactions2 Reactions• Dehydration Synthesis- Puts togetherDehydration Synthesis- Puts together• Hydrolysis- Breaks apartHydrolysis- Breaks apart
A. Dehydration Synthesis - small units are A. Dehydration Synthesis - small units are joined together by removing waterjoined together by removing water
B. Hydrolysis -large compounds are broken B. Hydrolysis -large compounds are broken down into smaller units by adding waterdown into smaller units by adding water