Car-to-X at Mercedes-Benz Applications and Technologies · radar, camera - New infrastructure on and off board necessary - High maturity - Further improvements planned - New sensor

Car-to-X at Mercedes-BenzApplications and Technologies

08.03.2019 RD/AFC

Clusters of Applications

RD/AFC2

Event messaging,

V2V, V2X

Infrastructure

to vehicle, V2I

Driver Assist Safety

Applications, AD

- In series production

with new E-class in

2016

- Further

improvements

planned

- Local projects

- Business model

for world-wide

deployment not

clear

- Mercedes´ core

know how

- Further development

of safety use cases

- Automated Driving

on the roadmap

Platooning

for Trucks

- Planned for 20xx

Technologies

RD/AFC3

Cellular radio

UMTS, LTE

- Standard in every

car due to e-Call

- Further

improvements

planned with LTE

5G

- World wide

standard

- Device to device

communication

- Telecom industry

promises to cover

all needs of

DSRC 802.11p

applications

LTE-V2X

@ 5,9 GHz

DSRC* 802.11p,

ETSI ITS-G5

@ 5,9 GHz

Onboard sensors

radar, camera

- New

infrastructure

on- and off-

board

necessary

- High maturity

- Further

improvements

planned

- New sensor

technologies on the

roadmap

* DSRC, Dedicated Short Range Communication

Direct Communication

EUDelegated Act

Car2CarCC, ETSI

5.9 GHz

Market Activities on Direct Communication

4

USA

FMVSS150, NPRM

CAMP, ITS America

5.9 GHz JapanGovernment

ITS-Connect, VICS

760MHz, 2.5, 5.8, 79GHz

DSRC DSRCLTE-V2X

ChinaGovernment Activities

C-ITS, 3GPP, 5GAA

5.9 GHz

3GPP, 5GAA

5.9 GHz ?

3GPP, 5GAA

5.9 GHz ?

RD/AFC

Navi Cellular Radio Cellular Radio

Daimler

Vehicle

Backend

Cars are connected to the Daimler Vehicle Backend➢ Data filtering and aggregation

➢ Security and Privacy ensured

➢ OEMs and Data supplier are

invited to share

➢ Markets: USA, EU, China

Ego vehicle

➢ Event detection and plausibility check

➢ No additional components necessary

Mobile work zone communicate live from

the trailers - market dependent)

Remote Vehicle

➢ Data relevance check

➢ Display icon on map

➢ Generate speech output

Car-to-X via Cellular Radio since E-Class 2016

Mobile work

zone ahead

RD/AFC5

Car-to-X via Cellular Radio since E-Class 2016

RD/AFC

Event Triggering Conditions Icon on Map Speech Output

Broken down vehicle Vehicle system signals Yes

Vehicle accident Air bag inflation and others Yes

Hazard lights Hazard light on Yes

Heavy Rain Highest wiper level for 20 s No

Slippery road Antilock braking system intervention No

Fog Rear fog light on No

Mobile work zone External data from work zone trailers Yes

Emergency Vehicle No data source available Icon on instrument cluster

General Warning Driver manual input Yes

Cross Wind ESP Intervention No

→ Car-to-X enables immediate V2V and V2X functionality via Cellular Radio

6

Road Safety Applications require precise relative position

Positioning failures due to GPS inaccuracy.

RD/AFC7

GPS Accuracy

required relative position

calculated relative position

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Pro

bab

ility

(%

)

GPS Accuracy (m)

UL-Ehi

BB-UL

BB-Ulm

Ehi-Alb-Ehi

Ehi-UL

UL-BB

On Board Sensors provide by far higher accuracy than GPS

GPS Accuracy requirements from standardization:

• EU: Open Sky: < 5 m at 95 % probability EU: City: < 14 m at 95 % probability

• US: Open Sky: <1,5 m at 69 % probability US: Open Sky: < 3 m at 95 % probability

RD/AFC8

→ GPS accuracy not sufficient for the implementation of safety applications.

range of onboard sensorsMeasurements of

every day rides

Benefit of DSRC based Safety Applications, US

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 5 10 15 20

Penetration Rate

Communication rate

Example:

0,5 x 0,5 =0,25

RD/AFC9

Source: NHTSA „Readiness of V2V Technology for Application“ 08/2014, scenario 2: no aftermarket deployment%

(c

ars

an

d lig

ht

tru

ck

s)

50% of vehicles will be

equipped after 10 years

Years after introduction

→ With DSRC the benefit on traffic safety increases only with the communication rate.

→ Pedestrians, bicyclists, trucks, trailers, fixed obstacles and parked vehicles are not protected.

→ On board sensor based systems don’t suffer from these facts

DSRC

Safety Applications, US, Overview

Crash Type V2V Safety Application Mercedes System (sensor based)

Rear End Forward Collision Warning Active Brake Assist (warning and autonomous braking

upon vehicles, bikes and pedestrians), standard

Electronic Emergency Brake Light Adaptive Brake Lights (flash upon emergency braking,

currently not allowed in US, standard in rest of the world),

Multi Object Radar (radar detects decelerating vehicle

ahead of lead vehicle)

Opposite

direction

Do Not Pass Warning

(“90% drifting into opposite lane“)

Active Lane Keeping Assist (warning and single-sided

braking), standard

Left Turn Assist Turning Maneuver Function (braking)

Junction

crossing

Intersection Movement Assist Active Brake Assist: Cross Traffic Function (warning and

autonomous braking)

Lane change Blind Spot Warning,

Lane Change Warning

Blind Spot Assist (warning), Active Blind Spot Assist

(warning and single sided braking), Active Lange Chance

Assist

RD/AFC10

• Source: NHTSA „Readiness of V2V Technology for Application“ 08/2014, Table VI-1

→ Sensor based safety applications cannot be replaced by V2V/V2X

DSRC

EU Priority Services are already in the market

RD/AFC11

• Source: Commission Delegated Regulation 2019, ANNEX 1, Page 4

Vehicle-to-Vehicle Services via DSRC Mercedes Series Systems Technology

Dangerous end of queue Live Traffic, Car-to-X Hazard Light (Speech Output) Cellular Radio

Traffic jam ahead Live Traffic, End of Traffic Jam Function Cellular Radio

Stopped vehicle Active Distance Assist DISTRONIC Radar, Camera

Broken-down vehicle Car-to-X Broken-down vehicle (Speech Output) Cellular Radio

Post-crash Car-to-X Vehicle Accident, eCall Cellular Radio

Emergency vehicle in operation Car-to-X Emergency vehicle signage in instrument cluster Cellular Radio

Stationary safeguarding emergency vehicle Car-to-X Emergency vehicle signage in instrument cluster Cellular Radio

Stationary recovery service warning Live Traffic Cellular Radio

Request impact reduction container PRE-SAFE Sound Radar, ESP

Response impact reduction container PRE-SAFE Belt Tensioner, closing windows, braking Radar, ESP

Electronic emergency brake light PRE-SAFE PLUS: Flashing Rear Hazard Lights, braking Radar

Automatic brake intervention Active Brake Assist, standard Radar, Camera

Reversible occupant restraint system intervention PRE-SAFE Belt Tensioner

Fog Car-to-X Fog Cellular Radio

Precipitation Car-to-X Heavy Rain Cellular Radio

Traction loss Car-to-X Slippery Road Cellular Radio

DSRC

EU Priority Services are already in the market

RD/FA12

• Source: Commission Delegated Regulation 2019, ANNEX 1, Page 4

Infrastructure-to-Vehicle Services via DSRC Mercedes Series Systems Technology

Dynamic speed limit information Speed limit assist, standard Camera

Embedded variable Massage signs ‘free text’ TMC, TPEG in Navigation Cellular

Other signage information Traffic Sign Assist including Wrong Way Alert Camera, Navi

Accident zone Live Traffic, Car-to-X Hazard Light (Speech Output) Cellular

Traffic jam ahead Live Traffic, End of Traffic Jam Function Cellular

Stationary vehicle Car-to-X Hazard Light, Active Distance Assist DISTRONIC Cellular

Weather condition warning Car-to-X and weather service Cellular

Temporarily slippery road Car-to-X slippery road Cellular

Animal or person on the road Active Brake Assist crossing Pedestrian Cellular

Obstacle on the road TMC, TPEG in Navigation Cellular

Lane closure (and other restrictions) Live Traffic Cellular

Road closure Live Traffic Cellular

Road works - mobile Car-to-X Mobile Work zone Cellular

Green light optimal speed advisory Traffic Light Recognition Camera

Public transport prioritization (already widely deployed with existing technology) Other

DSRC

Competition of Technologies

RD/AFC13

In production Future realization

Cellular radio

UMTS, LTE

LTE-V2X DSRC 802.11p,

ETSI ITS-G5

Onboard sensors

radar, camera

Event messaging.

V2V, V2X

Infrastructure

to vehicle, V2I

Driver Assist Safety

Applications, ADPlatooning

for Trucks

Only platooning needs

Direct Communication