Campus Energy

8/14/2019 Campus Energy

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The Apollo AllianceSatya Rhodes-Conway

[email protected]

608.262.5387

Brian Siu

[email protected]

202.955.5665

Energy ActionBilly Parish

[email protected]

203.887.7225

New Energy for CampusesEnergy-Saving Policies for

Colleges and Universities


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Introduction

Comprehensive Energy Planning

Renewable and Efficient Power

1. CleanPoweronCampus2. EfficientGeneration3. BuyingRenewablePower

Energy Efficiency and Conservation

1. Efficiency2. InformationTechnology3. Conservation

Buildings, Operations, and Purchasing

1. EnergyAuditsandRetrofits2. Operations3. HighPerformanceBuildings4. PurchasingPolicies

Transportation

1. EfficientFleets2. ImprovingMassTransit3. IncreasingTransportationOptions

Financing Strategies

1. EnergySavingsPerformanceContracts2. AccessingStateDollars3. CleanEnergyFunds4. StudentFees

5. ResponsibleEndowments6. GiftsandGrants

Labor Strategies

1. ApprenticeshipUtilization2. PrevailingWage

About the Authors

Included in this Document


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Introduction

Ourcountryisdependentonanold,outmoded,fossil-fuelenergysystemthatissimultaneouslyspeedingenvironmentaldegradationandmakinguslesssecure.Thereisabetterway.TheApolloAlliancehasaplantoimprovenationalsecuritybyreducingdependenceonoilfromunstableandundemocraticgovernmentsthroughinvestmentsinaresilientenergy

system,andbysupportingnewrenewabledistributedgeneration.TheApolloAllianceplanwillalsorevitalizetheeconomy,expandingmarketsforAmericantechnology,investinginworkers,andimprovingcompetitivenessandproductivity,evenasitprotectsconsumersandtheenvironment.

CollegeanduniversitycampusesareuniquelyplacedtoaffectAmericasenergyfuture.Thehighereducationsectorisa$317billionindustry1thateducatesandemploysmillionsofpeople,maintainsthousandsofbuildingsandownsmillionsofacresofland.Itspendsbillionsofdollarsonfuel,energyandinfrastructure.Andthefootprintofhighereducationiswideningenrollmentbetween2000and2013isexpectedtoincreaseby23%.2Ifeveryoneofthe4000campusesintheU.S.used100%cleanenergy,itwouldnearlyquadruplethecurrentrenewableelectricitydemandintheU.S.3Campusescansetanexamplefortheircommunitiesandthenationbyimplementingalternativeenergy,energyefficiencyandenvironmentalsustainabilityprojectsoncampustodemonstratetheirfeasibilityandcosteffectiveness.Theyarecentersofintellectualpower,capableofleadingexperimentsonnewtechnologies,andusingtheseprojectsasteachingtoolsandresearchopportunitiestobettertheeducationofthenext

generationofvoters,consumers,politicians,andbusinessleaderspeoplewhowillbemakingenergydecisionsforyearstocome.Academiahastraditionallybeenattheforefrontofculturalandtechnologicalchangeandcampusesonceagaincanbethecatalystthatdrivesthiscountyintosustainableenergyindependence.Andyet,fewcampuseshavetakenreal,concretestepstomovetowardacleanerenergyfuture.Onlyabout80campusesinAmericapurchasecleanenergyandmostcampuseshaveonlyimplementedsmallscale,ifworthy,cleanenergyprojects.Onlyahandfulofcampuseshavedevelopedcomprehensiveplans,withtargetsandtimetables,forsubstantially

reducinggreenhousegasemissionsandachievingenergyindependence.Tostrengthenexistingcampusplansandinitiatethemonthethousandsofrelativelydisengagedcampuses,acoalitionof30leadingenvironmentalandsocialjusticeorganizationshaslaunchedtheCampusClimateChalleng(www.campusclimatechallenge.org).TheChallengeisaU.S.andCanada-wide,long-termprojectaimedatmakingcampusesenergyindependentanddramaticallycuttingtheirglobalwarmingpollution.Byconsolidatinghundredsofinitiativesintoaunifiedstructure,theChallengeallowscampusestoshareideas,bestpracticesandresourcestocollaborateinwaysneverbeforepossible.
http://www.campusclimatechallenge.org/http://www.campusclimatechallenge.org/


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TheApolloAllianceandtheCampusClimateChallengerecommendthatallcampusesinstitutesixbasicreforms,thedetailsofwhichareoutlinedinthisdocument.Thesereformsare:

Upgrade to Efficiency:Replaceinefficientappliancesandupgrade

inefficientbuildings. Build Better:Allnewbuildingsshouldbehighperformanceand

energyefficient. Move to Clean Power:Buyorgenerateelectricityfromrenewable

resources. Expand Transportation Alternatives:Makeiteasytogetaroundon

lessfuel. Implement Green Purchasing:Buyproductsthatuselessenergy,

lastlonger,andarebetterfortheenvironment. Institutionalize Conservation:Createacultureofconservationon

campus.

Beyondjustsettinganexampleinefficiency,conservation,andrenewableenergy,collegesanduniversitiesshouldalsomaketheireffortsmodelsofjobcreationandinnovativefinancing.Mostcollegesanduniversitieshaveexistingstandardsforlaborquality;however,campusesshouldreviewtheirlaborpolicestoensurethatcampusworkisdonebyresponsibleemployers.

Theeffortstomakecollegesanduniversitiesmodelsofanewenergypolicyshouldbecarriedoutwithaneyetothefuture.Thereformsthatwillhavethegreatestimpactarethosethatcanbeinstitutionalizednotshort

termorone-timeprojects.Insteadofbuildingonedemonstrationgreenbuilding,campusesshouldinstituteahighperformancebuildingpolicyorestablisharevolvingloanfundthatcouplesprojectsthatsavemoney(likeenergyefficiencyretrofits)withthosethathavealongerpaybacktime(likealternativeenergygeneration).Institutionalizinggoodenergypolicyensuresthattheimpactwillpersistlongafteranyindividualstudent,facultyorstaffpersonhasleftcampus.

Whileachievingenergyindependencemayatfirstseemdaunting,thispublicationaimstomakeitarealitybyhighlightingtheincrediblenumberofwaystobegin.AsDavidOrrsays,Noinstitutionsinmodernsociety

arebetterequippedtocatalyzethenecessarytransitiontoasustainableworldthanuniversities.Theyhaveaccesstotheleadersoftomorrowandtheleadersoftoday.Theyhavebuyingandinvestmentpower.Theyarewidelyrespected.Consequentiallywhattheydomatterstothewiderpublic.4


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New Energy for Campuses,


1Comprehensive Energy Planning

What Campuses Are Doing Now

The University of Californias newMerced campus,currentlyunderconstructionisauniqueexampleofsustainableplanning.Whileoldercampusesretroactivelyincorporatesustainabledesign,UCMercedhastheadvantageofbeingplannedaroundanintegratedsetofsustainableprinciples.Itisabletoproactivelyidentifyandplanforthemajorenvironmentalpressuresexertedbyuniversities.Asaresult,Mercedusesawiderangeofstrategies.Itscomprehensiveplanincludeselementsofhighperformancebuilding,waterconservation,recyclingandtransportation.AllofMercedsbuildings,forinstance,willmeetorexceedtheLEEDSilverstandard.Thebuildingswillincorporaterecyclinginbothconstructionandongoingwasteminimization.StormwatercollectorswillprovideirrigationandtheMercedtransportationsystemisdesignedtopromotemultimodaltravel.Demonstratingforesight,thecampusplanningprocesscallsforincreasinglystringentefficiencymeasuresasthecampusgrows.5Mercedscomprehensiveapproachcanbeamodelforcampusesundergoingmajorrenovations,additionsandlong-termcampusplanning.

For more information Contact: EJamesSmith,CampusArchitect 209.724.4478 [email protected]

College of the AtlanticisimplementinganEnvironmentalManagementSystemthatwillimproveeveryaspectofcampusoperations,includingelectricity,efficiency,liquidtransportationfuelsandongoingeducation.COAwilluse100%renewableenergyfora20yearperiod.6Thisisanunusuallevelofcommitment,evenamongthenationsmostsustainableschools.COAsconsiderableenergydemandfacilitatesmarketdevelopmentintherenewablessector.Eachyear,thecollegeconsumeselectricityequivalentto167homes.Bylinkingthislongtermdemandtocleanenergy,theschooljustifiesprivatesectorinvestmentincleangeneratingcapacity.COAsgreen

tagprocurementfromNativeEnergy,forinstance,supportsconstructionofthefirstNativeAmericanwindfarm.Additionally,theschooldesignsitsbuildingsforefficientperformance,utilizingpassivesolarheatingandefficientlighting.Tomitigatetransportationemissions,theschoolfuelsthetractorsatitsresearchfacilitywithbiodiesel.7Ultimately,theschoolhopesthatitscombinedeffortswillachievea30%greenhousegasreduction.8

For more information Contact: MillardDority,DirectorofCampus

Planning,Buildings,andPublicSafety 207.288.5015ext259 [email protected]

Thelargestandlongesttermenergyimpactonanycampuswillcomefromacomprehensivestrategythat

examinesallcampusenergyuse,theassociatedcosts(bothfinancialandenvironmental),andcomesupwithstrategiesthatreduceenergyuseacrosstheboard.Suchstrategiesshouldlookatallsectorsofenergyuse(buildings,transportation,etc.)andbebothinnovativeandcomprehensive.Theywilllikelyincludemanyofthepoliciesdiscussedbelow,andshouldtakeadvantageofsynergies.Forexample,landuseplanningshouldtakeintoaccounttheavailabilityof(orplanfor)campustransitsystems,andsavingsfromefficiencymeasuresshouldbeusedtofundgreenenergypurchasing.

BillyConnelly,NativeEnergy 617.877.6745 [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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, New Energy for Campuses

TheUniversity of British Columbiascomprehensiveplanningprovidesconsiderableimprovementsinuniversityoperations.Alloftheschoolsnewbuildings,forexample,willbeconstructedtotheLEEDSilverrating.9EnergyconsumptionwithinitsgreenbuildingsisoffsetthroughRenewableEnergyCredits.Moreover,UBChascreatedaprogramofsustainabilitycoordinatorstoinfluencebehavior.Thecoordinatorspromoteconservationwithintheschoolsresidencies.Annually,thisprogramsavestheschool$78,000.UBCalsorecentlylauncheditsUniversalTransportationPass,a

programwhichprovidesunlimited,universalaccesstodifferentpublictransportationservices.Byofferingthisconveniencetostudents,theschoolwillreducecongestionandemissionsoncampus.Todate,theseprogramshavebeensuccessful.WhileUBCsstudentpopulationhasgrownby19%,itsbuildingenergyusehasdeclinedby8%.Thecampusgoalistoreduceenergyconsumptioninacademicbuildingsby30%andreduceCO

2emissionsby30,000tonnesannually.10

For more information Contact: JorgeMarques,EnergyManager,UBCCampusSustainabilityOffice 604.822.9309 [email protected]


Resources

The Apollo Alliance(www.apolloalliance.org/)aimstoimproveAmericassecurity,technologicalleadership,economicstrength,andsharedprosperitybyachievingsustainableAmericanenergyindependencethrougheffortsatthenational,stateandlocallevel.

The Campus Climate Challenge(www.campusclimatechallenge.org)websitecontainsprofilesonmostexistingstudent-ledcampusclimateinitiativesandisaclearinghouseforresources,bestpractices,casestudies,speakersandjobopportunities.

The Student PIRGS (www.studentPIRGS.org)areanetworkofstudent-directedandfundedorganizationsworkingtosolvesomeofsocietysbiggestproblems.Basedat100universitiesaroundthecountry,thestudentPIRGSengagethousandsofstudentseachyearinmeaningfulsocialchangework.

University Leaders for a Sustainable Future (www.ulsf.org/)

assistscollegesanduniversitiesinmakingsustainabilityanintegralpartofcurriculum,research,operationsandoutreach.ULSFisalsothesecretariatforsignatoriesoftheTalloiresDeclaration(1990),whichhasbeensignedbymorethan300universitypresidentsandchancellorsaroundtheworld.

CleanAirCoolPlanetsCampuses for Climate Action (www.cleanair-coolplanet.org/for_campuses.php)programaimstoenlistandsupportinstitutionsofhighereducationindemonstratingthatsolutionsareavailable,affordable(evenprofitable),havenumerousbenefits,andcanbesuccessfullyimplementedtoday.

TheAlliancetoSaveEnergysnewGreen Campus Pilot Program(www.ase.org/section/program/greencampus)empowersstudentstostimulateenergysavingsincampusbuildingsandeducatethecampuscommunityaboutthereasonsandmethodsforsavingenergy.

TheEducation for Sustainability Western Network(www.efswest.org/)isaprofessionalassociationofindividualsand

institutionsworkingtomakesustainabilityacentralfocusofhighereducationinthewesternU.S.andCanada.

Second Nature(www.secondnature.org/)helpscampusesmovefromgoodintentionstostrategicaction.

NationalWildlifeFederationsCampus Ecology Program(www.nwf.org/campusEcology/index.cfm)supportsandpromotespositiveandpracticalconservationprojectsoncampusandbeyondtoprotectwildlifebyrestoringhabitatandslowingglobalwarming.

Since1988,theStudent Environmental Action Coalition (www.seac.org/)hasbeenempoweringstudentsandyouthtofightforenvironmentalandsocialjusticeinourschoolsandcommunities.

http://www.apolloalliance.org/http://www.campusclimatechallenge.org/http://www.campusclimatechallenge.org/http://www.campusclimatechallenge.org/http://www.ulsf.org/http://www.cleanair-coolplanet.org/for_campuses.phphttp://www.cleanair-coolplanet.org/for_campuses.phphttp://www.ase.org/section/program/greencampushttp://www.ase.org/section/program/greencampushttp://www.ase.org/section/program/greencampushttp://www.efswest.org/http://www.efswest.org/http://www.efswest.org/http://www.efswest.org/http://www.secondnature.org/http://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/index.cfmhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/index.cfmhttp://www.seac.org/http://www.seac.org/http://www.seac.org/http://www.seac.org/http://www.seac.org/http://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/index.cfmhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/index.cfmhttp://www.secondnature.org/http://www.efswest.org/http://www.efswest.org/http://www.ase.org/section/program/greencampushttp://www.cleanair-coolplanet.org/for_campuses.phphttp://www.cleanair-coolplanet.org/for_campuses.phphttp://www.ulsf.org/http://www.campusclimatechallenge.org/http://www.campusclimatechallenge.org/http://www.apolloalliance.org/


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Renewable and Efcient Power

1Clean Power on Campus

I

nstallingrenewablegeneratingcapacityoncampusisagreatwaytoreduceenergybillswhileeducatingthe

campuscommunityaboutrenewableenergy.Dependingontheirlocation,campusescantakeadvantageofsolar,wind,biomassand/orgeothermalresources.Renewableenergygenerationcanreducetheneedtopurchaseenergy(heatingwaterwithsolarpower,forexample,meansburninglessfuel),candirectlysupplyelectricitytobuildings,orcanproduceelectricitytosellbacktoutilities(ifthestatehasanetmeteringlaw.)Theseprojectssaveonenergycosts,helpdevelopamarketforrenewabletechnologies,anddisplayavisiblepubliccommitmenttoasustainableenergyfuture.Universitybuildingsspendatleast22%oftheirenergybudgetsonelectricity.11Solarelectricoptionsinclude

photovoltaicarraysorparabolictroughstoproduceelectricity.Campusescanalsogenerateelectricityfromwind,eitherbyinstallingawindturbineonornearcampus,orbycontractingwithawinddevelopertofundtheconstructionof(andreceivetheelectricityfrom)aturbineatanexistingwindfarm.Campuseswithexistingcoalfiredelectricplantscanreplacesomeofthecoaltheyusewithbiomassfromagricultural,forestryorpaperwaste.Onaverage,auniversitybuildingspends24%ofitsenergybudgetonheatingwater. 12Solarwaterheaterscanreducetheneedforconventionalwaterheatingbyabouttwo-thirds.Byprovidinghotwaterforbuildingsorpools,solarwaterheatingminimizestheuseofelectricityorfossilfuel.13Anotherwaytoreduceenergyuseandsavemoneyistoinstallgeothermalheatingsystemsonnewconstructionprojectsorrenovations.Thesesystemscanemployeitheradirect-useorheatpumpdesign.GeothermalheatpumpsaredesignedtoreducetheenergydemandsonbuildingsHVACsystemsinbothhotandcoldweather.Theheatpumptransfersheatfromthesoiltothebuildinginwinterandfromthebuildingtothesoilinsummer,usinganenvironmentallyfriendlyheatexchangefluidsimilartoantifreeze.Thisprocessisveryefficient,reducingelectricityconsumptionby25%to50%;14moreover,operatingandmaintenancecostsarequitelow.NaturalresourcesforgeothermalheatpumpsexistacrosstheentireUnitedStates.Bycontrast,direct-use

systemstaphotsubterraneanwaterforspaceheating.DirectuseresourcesaremostprevalentintheWesternUnitedStates.

Since1984,morethan30campuseshaveinstalledover11MWofcleanenergy,includingsolarinCaliforniaandGeorgia,andwindinMinnesotaandRhodeIsland.


St. Olaf Collegeisconstructinga1.6MWwindturbinetopoweritscampus.Theturbinestotalcostwillbe$1.9millionbut$1.5millionwillbefundedthroughgrantmoneyfromXcelEnergy.Generating6millionkilowatthoursannually,theturbinewillsupplyonethirdofSt.Olafsenergyrequirements.TheassociatedemissionsoffsetsareexpectedtobringthecollegeintocompliancewiththeKyotoProtocol.15

For more information Contact: PaulJackson,AssistantProfessorofChemistry 507.646.3404 [email protected]

In2004,theUniversity of Coloradoinstalleditsfirstphotovoltaicsystem.At7.5kWofinstalledcapacity,thesystemgeneratesenoughenergytomeetoneandahalftimestheUCEnvironmentalCentersrequirements.ThePVsystemisconnectedtoakioskthatallowsstudentstomonitorthesystemsreal-timeoutput.Thesystem

wasfundedbyXcelEnergysRenewableEnergyTrustFund,UniversityofColoradoStudentUnionsFinanceBoard,andmoneyfromthepreviousyearsenergypledgecardcampaign.16

For more information Contact: GhitaCarroll,EnergyProgramManager 303.492.3229 [email protected]

TheOregon Institute of Technologyhasbeentappinggeothermalenergysince1964.Thisalonedemonstratesgeothermalenergyslongtermreliability.OITsdirect-usesystemusesthreegeothermalwellsbetween1,300feetand1,800feetdeep.Thesewellssupplyallheatingneedsforthe11building,600,000squarefootcampus.Additionally,thewellsmeetsomeofthecampusscoolingrequirements.

OITsgeothermalsystemcosts$35,000tooperateeachyear.17

Thisisconsiderablybetterthantheoperationalcostofanaturalgasfiredboilerat$250,000to$300,000peryear.18

For more information Contact: JohnLund,DirectorofGeo-HeatCenter 541.885.1750 [email protected]

The University of Iowaisshiftingitsenergysourcesfromcoaltobiomass.TheUIpowerfacility,whichsupplies100%ofcampusheatand30%ofcampuselectricity,historicallyoperatedoncoal.Morerecently,theplanthasaddedoathullstheoutershellofanoatgraintoitsfuelmix.Eachyear,oathullsreplacebetween25,000and30,000tonsofcoal,savingtheschoolover$500,000infuelcosts.TheswitchresultedinlargereductionsinNO

x,SO

2,CO

2,particulatematter,andvolatile

organiccompounds.TheseenvironmentalimprovementsallowUItosellemissionsoffsetsontheChicagoClimateExchange,strengtheningthesystemsfinancialvalue.19

For more information Contact: P.F.Milster,SeniorEngineer,FacilitiesManagement 319.335.5132 [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Renewable and Efcient Power

2Efcient Generation through Combined Heat and Power

C

ampusescansignificantlyimprovetheefficiencyoftheirelectricalandheatingsystemsthroughthe

useofcombinedheatandpower(CHPorcogeneration)technology.CHPsystemsusethesamefuelcombustiontoproduceboththermalenergyforheating(usuallyintheformofsteam)andelectricity(oftenviaasteam-driventurbine).Theseefficientsystemsrecoverheatthatnormallywouldbewastedinanelectricplant,andsavethefuelthatwouldotherwisebeusedtoproduceheatorsteaminaseparateunit.CHPfuelsavingsaretypically35%comparedtostandardpowerstationsandheatonlyboilers,20andCHPplantsare7090%efficient,comparedtoefficienciesof3360%forstandardpowerplants.21Thisincreaseinefficiencyanddecreaseinfuelusetranslatesintocostsavingsandemissionsreductions.


Colby CollegesCHPsystemsignificantlybooststheschoolsoperationalperformance.Steampipedforspaceheatingconcurrentlypowersaconventionalturbineforelectricityproduction.Therecuperatedenergyproduces1,700,000kWhofelectricityeachyear,saving$150,000inenergycosts.22

For more information Contact: DaleDeBlois,EnvironmentalInitiativeCoordinator 207.872.3719 [email protected]

University of North CarolinaChapel HillsCHPplantprovidestheUniversitywithone-thirdoftheelectricityandalloftheheatitneedsannually.Theplantreliesonanadvancedtechnologycalledcirculatingfluidizedbed,whichcombustsfuelcomponentsthatareoftenallowedupthestackatoldercoal-firedgenerators.Thethousandsoftonsofflyashproducedannuallyarereusedforsewagetreatmentandstructuralfill.

ThefacilityhaswonmultipleawardsfromtheUSEPA.For more information Contact: RalphTaylor,UNCEnergyManager 919.962.7283 [email protected]

3Buying Renewable Power

Campusescanandshouldpurchasesomeoralloftheirelectricityfromrenewablesources.BuyingrenewableenergynotonlyleadstoreductionsinNO

X,SO

2,and

greenhousegases,italsocreatesgood,environmentally

friendlyjobsandreducesourrelianceonforeignresources.Itsimportanttobesurethatacleanenergypurchasecausestheutilitytoincreaseitsrenewablegeneratingcapacity,ratherthanjustbuyingexistingcapacity.Todate,morethan80educationalinstitutionsintheU.S.arebuyingrenewableenergyontheorderof500,000MWHperyearandatleastfivecampusesarepoweredby100%cleanenergy.

Therearethreewaystopurchasegreenpower:greenpricing,greenpowermarketing,andRenewableEnergyCertificates(RECs).Someutilitiesoffercustomersgreenpricing,wherecustomerscanchoosetopurchase(oftenatapremium)renewableenergy.In

somestates,greenpowermarketingthedirectpurchaseofrenewableenergyfromgeneratorsisavailable.RECs,alsoknownasgreencertificates,greentags,ortradablerenewablecertificates,representtheenvironmentalattributesofthepowerproducedfromrenewableenergyprojectsandaresoldseparatefromcommodityelectricity.Customerscanbuygreencertificateswhetherornottheyhaveaccesstogreenpowerthroughtheirlocalutilityoracompetitiveelectricitymarketer.


Eachyear,Concordia Universitypurchases5.5millionkilowatthoursofrenewablepowerthroughAustinEnergysGreenChoiceRenewableEnergyProgram.

ThisvolumeallowsConcordiaUniversitytooperateentirelyonrenewableenergy.Theenvironmentalbenefitsaresignificant,eliminatingroughly8millionpoundsofannualCO

2emissions.Thishascomparablebenefitstoplanting1,000acresoftrees

orcuttingthetailpipeemissionsof700vehicles.Asthefirstschooltobe100%renewable,ConcordiahasearnedtheEPAsGreenPowerLeadershipClubaward.23

For more information Contact: RonPetty,FacilitiesManager 512.486.1116 [email protected]

TheCalifornia State University (CSU) System,thelargestfouryearuniversitysystemintheworld,hascommittedtomeeting20%ofitsenergydemandwithrenewablepowerby2010.CSUwillbeginbypurchasing34,000MWhworthofRenewableEnergyCredits(RECS)from86%windenergyand14%landfillgas.24This

significantquantityhasestablishedCSUasaleaderincleanenergyprocurement.CSUsrenewableenergymandateisonecomponentofalargersetofactivities.TheCSUsystemplanstoreducedemandby15%by201025andtocomplete50MWofselfgenerationcapacity,substantiallycircumventingmarketinstability.Thiscapacitywilltapcleantechnologiessuchassolarandcombinedheatandpower.26Collectively,theCSUpolicieswillavoid80,000tonsofCO

2releaseby2010,effectivelypushing

emissions17%belowtheir2004levels.27

For more information Contact: AdrianaUcros,CapitalPlanning,Design&Construction 562.951.4085 [email protected]

EdClark,AustinEnergyPublicInformatio 512.322.6514 [email protected]


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Energy Efciency and Conservation

1Efciency

M

akingtheenergyyourcampususesgofurthersavesbothnaturalresourcesandmoneyby

decreasingfossilfueluseanditsenvironmentalconsequences.Energyefficiencyupgradesalsocreatemorejobsthanenergygenerationtechnologies.Effectivecampaignscangeneratesavingsthatcouldbereinvestedincleanenergygenerationoradditionalefficiencyprojectsoncampus.Improvingenergyefficiencyonyourcampusmeansupgradingbuildingsandtechnology.Lighting,appliances,computers,heatingandcoolingarejustsomeoftheplacesthatmoreefficientequipmentcanhaveanimpact.Forexample,VendingMisers,aproductdesignedtosaveenergyinvendingmachinesbyadjustingthecompressorcycleandturningoffmachinelighting,canbeinstalledinmostcolddrinkmachines.28Anestimated22%ofuniversitybuildings

energybudgetsareforlighting.29

Occupancysensorsdesignedtoturnofflightswhenanareaisnotinusecanbeinstalledinclassrooms,offices,andbathrooms.Thelightsthemselvescanbeupgradedtohighefficiencybulbs,whichuselesselectricityandlastlongerthanconventionalbulbs.


Overasixyearperiod,theUniversity of Michigancompletedenergyefficiencyprojectsin123campusbuildings.Themeasuresincludedlightingupgrades,efficientapplianceprocurement,adjustmentstomechanicalsystems,andenvironmentalcontrolsystems.Beginning2005,theschoolexpectstheimprovementstoproduce$9.7millioninyearlyenergycostsavings.In2004,theEPAnamedtheschoolanEnergyStarPartneroftheYear.30

For more information Contact: DianeBrown,SeniorInformationCoordinator,FacilitiesandOperations 734.936.2323 [email protected]

Energy Efciency and Conservation Resources

ENERGY STARforHigherEducation(www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=higher_ed.bus_highereducation)isagovernment-backedprogramhelpingcampusesprotecttheenvironmentthroughsuperiorenergyefficiency.

ThroughRebuild America,(www.rebuild.org/lawson/energyefficiency.asp)theU.S.DepartmentofEnergyprovidesanexcellentgatheringoflinks,usefulforinstitutionalenergyefficiency.

TheAmerican Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (www.aceee.org/progpage.htm)hasprogramscoveringbuildings,equipmentandtransportation.

Tufts Universityhasprovidedtheircalculationsforestimating overall computer energyuse.Thesecalculationsmaybeduplicatedatotheruniversities.(www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/pdf/Computer%20calculations.PDF).

Renewable and Efcient Power Resources

The Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy(www.dsireusa.org/)providesacompressivelistofrenewableenergyincentivesthatcanbringdowninvestmentcostsforeducationalprojectdevelopers.

TheUnion of Concerned Scientists(www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/)offersextensiveinformationonrenewableenergyandbuying green power (www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/renewable_energy_basics/buy-green-power.html).

TheU.S. Combined Heat and Power Association(uschpa.admgt.com/)bringstogetherdiversemarketintereststopromotethegrowthofclean,efficientCHPintheUnitedStates.

TheUSDOEsEnergy Information Portal(www.eere.energy.gov/)isagatewaytohundredsofWebsitesandthousandsofonlinedocumentsonenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergy.
mailto:[email protected]://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=higher_ed.bus_highereducationhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=higher_ed.bus_highereducationhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=higher_ed.bus_highereducationhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=higher_ed.bus_highereducationhttp://www.rebuild.org/lawson/energyefficiency.asphttp://www.aceee.org/progpage.htmhttp://www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/pdf/Computer%20calculations.PDFhttp://www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/pdf/Computer%20calculations.PDFhttp://www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/pdf/Computer%20calculations.PDFhttp://www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/pdf/Computer%20calculations.PDFhttp://www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/pdf/Computer%20calculations.PDFhttp://www.dsireusa.org/http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/renewable_energy_basics/buy-green-power.htmlhttp://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/renewable_energy_basics/buy-green-power.htmlhttp://uschpa.admgt.com/http://www.eere.energy.gov/http://www.eere.energy.gov/http://uschpa.admgt.com/http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/renewable_energy_basics/buy-green-power.htmlhttp://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/renewable_energy_basics/buy-green-power.htmlhttp://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/http://www.dsireusa.org/http://www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/pdf/Computer%20calculations.PDFhttp://www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/pdf/Computer%20calculations.PDFhttp://www.aceee.org/progpage.htmhttp://www.rebuild.org/lawson/energyefficiency.asphttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=higher_ed.bus_highereducationhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=higher_ed.bus_highereducationmailto:[email protected]


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2Information Technology

O

neofthehiddencostsofnewtechnologyisincreasedenergyconsumption.Atypicalpersonalcomputer

leftincontinuousoperationcostsabout$120peryear.However,whensystemspowerdownduringhoursofnonuse,theoperatingcostdropsto$20annually.31Campusescandoseveralthingstoreducetheenergyfootprintoftheirtechnology.Theycanpurchaseefficient,EnergyStarcomputers,printers,andotherequipment.Theycanmakesurethatallunitspowerdown,orsleep,whennotinuse,andtheycanencourageenergysavingbehaviorincomputerusers.


Owning4,300computers,Tufts Universityhasakeeninterestinefficientperformance.Whilemostemployeespowerdowntheircomputersatnight,duringthedaymanyusescreensaverswhichlimitpowersavings.Theuniversityisimplementingpowermanagementsoftwarewhichshutsdownthemonitorduringnonuse.Additionally,theschoolisattemptingtoteachitsemployeestoshutdowncomputersduringextendedperiodsofinactivity.32Tuftsestimatesthatfacultyandstudentspoweringdowntheircomputersdownbetweenoneandfivehoursperdaywouldavoid590tonsofannualcarbonemissionsandsaveupto$90,000inelectricitycosts.33

For more information Contact: AnjaKollmuss,ProjectCoordinator 617.627.5517 [email protected]

Energy Efciency and Conservation

3Conservation

Oneofthemostcost-effectivewaystoreduceenergyuseonyourcampusisthroughconservationandefficiency.Conservationrequiresbehavioralchanges,butdoesntmeansacrificingcomfort.Itcanbeassimpleasturningoutthelightswhenyouleavetheroom.Manycampuseshavecomeupwithpublicawarenessprogramsorfriendlycompetitionsbetweendormstoencourageenergyconservation.


SinceAugust2004,University of VictoriahasreducedcampusenergyconsumptionthroughitsEnergyConservationAwarenesscampaign.Thecampaignemploysanumberofcampusspecificinitiativestomitigateenergyuse.InApril2004,forinstance,theschoolformedtheGreenResidenceteam.The32-studentcontingentstreamlinescampusenergyusethroughanumberofbehavioralactivitiessuchaspoweringdowndevicesandturningofflightsduringnonusehours.Inaddition,UVichostsanenergysavingscompetitionamongdormstoreduceenergyuserelativetobaselineconsumption.

For more information Contact: SarahWebb,SustainabilityCoordinator 250.472.5011 [email protected]

TheHarvard ResourceEfficiencyProgram(REP)isapeereducationprogramwherestudentsexchangesustainabilitystrategies.Undertheprogram,eachdormisassignedastudentenvironmentalliaisonwhodisseminatesenvironmentallysoundhabits.Thedormitoryfocusissensiblegiventhat98%ofHarvardundergraduatesliveindorms.TheHarvardGreenCupcompetitionisakeyexampleofhowREPadvocatesandmonitorsenergyconsumption.TheGreenCupawardsacashprizetotheresidencewiththelargestenergyreductionsrelativetothebuildingsthreeyearaverageconsumption.Thisflexibleapproachallowsstudentstoadoptavarietyofenergysavingmeasureswhichintegratewiththeirlifestyles.Theprocessteaches

studentsvaluablebehaviorssuchasshuttingoffcomputersandlights,airdryinglaundry,recycling,andpurchasingEnergyStarappliances.34

For more information Contact: HarvardGreenCampusInitiative www.greencampus.harvard.edu/rep/index.php
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.greencampus.harvard.edu/rep/index.phphttp://www.greencampus.harvard.edu/rep/index.phpmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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B

uildingsaretheleadingenergyusersinAmerica,accountingforover$280billioninannualenergy

costs.35Collegesanduniversitiescontrolaremarkablenumberofbuildingsfromofficespacetohousingtoclassroomstoathleticfacilitiesandmustpayforenergyuseinallofthem.Themeanageofuniversitybuildingsis35.5years,36somanybuildingsareusingmoreenergythantheyneedto.Simpleretrofitstowindows,insulation,andelectrical,lighting,orheatingsystemscanyieldlargeenergycostsavings.Suchretrofitsnotonlysavemoney,theyalsoleadtoincreasedproductivitybystudentsandworkerswhousethebuildings.Campusesshouldestablisha10-yearscheduleforacomprehensiveenergyauditandretrofitoftheirbuildings.

1Energy Audits and Retrots


Builtinthe1960s,Eastern Illinois Universityhadaccumulatedabacklogofcosteffectiveefficiencyopportunities.TheschoolcontractedwithanEnergyServiceCompany(ESCO,describedinourfinancialstrategiessection)toaudititsfacilities.TheESCOfoundinefficientlightingin30buildings.Ultimately,theauditledtoinstallationofmorethan10,000highefficiencylightingballasts,300occupancydetectorsand200highefficiencyLEDexitsigns.Eachyeartheschoolsaves3.7millionkWhinelectricityconsumption.Theprojectcostjustover$1millionbutsavesbetween$250,000and$300,000annuallya30%returnoninvestment.37

For more information Contact: CathyGray,DirectorofPhysicalPlants 217.581.2179 [email protected]

WorkingthroughanEnergyServiceCompany,Allegheny Collegeidentifiedsignificant

inefficienciesintendifferentbuildings.Theauditrevealedavarietyofpotentialprojectsincludinglightingupgrades,HVACretrofits,andsynchronizingboilerandradiatorheatstoperiodsofhighandlowuse.Eachyear,theseimprovementsprevent2,940poundsofNO

X,4,887poundsofSO

2,and935tonsofCO

2emissions.They

alsosave$64,000inannualenergycosts.Theschoolusesthesesavingstopurchasewindenergyfor7.5%ofitselectricaldemand.38

For more information Contact: KenHanna,DirectorofPhysicalPlant 814.332.2865 [email protected]

AnenergyauditatAlamo Community Collegerevealednumerousinefficiencies,andimprovementsweremadetocampuslightingsystems,HVAC,andcoolingtowers.

ThecollegealsoinstitutedaprocesscalledContinuousCommissioning,wherethefacilitysmajorcomponentsareperiodicallycheckedandoptimized.Theauditidentified$2.7millioninpossibleefficiencyupgrades.Theupgrades,however,wouldsave$511,364inannualenergycosts,enablingcostrecoveryin5.4years.39

For more information Contact: JoB.Tucker,WorkforceDevelopment 210.587.4422 [email protected]


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B

uildingoperationshowabuildingisrunday-to-dayhavealargeimpactonenergyuseand

theenvironment.Heatingandcooling,forexample,iscriticaltothecomfortofoccupantsandcanalsohaveasubstantialfinancialimpact.SUNYBuffaloestimatesthateachdegreeofoverheatingorovercoolingcosts$100,000peryearinunnecessaryenergyuse.40TheU.S.GreenBuildingCouncilhasdevelopedsustainablebuilding-operationsguidelines41thatcapturebothabuildingsphysicalsystems(equipment,design,landuse,etc.)andalsothewaythebuildingisoccupiedandoperatedbyitsmanagers(wastemanagement,temperaturemonitoring,commutingprograms,etc.).CampusescanseekLEED-EBcertificationfortheirbuildings.

In2002alone,buildingconstructiononcollegecampusestotaled$11billion,ofwhich64%wasdedicatedtonewbuildings.43High-performancebuildingusesacomprehensiveapproachtocreateenvironmentallysustainable,healthyandproductive,andeconomicalbuildings.Thesetechniqueshavebeenshowntoreducebuildingenergycostsby2050%44andwaterusagebyatleast50%outdoorsand30%indoors.45Theincreasedenergyefficiencyofthesebuildingspaysforitselfinlowerheatingandelectricbills,reducedwaterandwaste,loweroperationsandmaintenancecosts,andenhancedoccupantproductivityandhealth.46Manyhighperformancebuildingsincluderenewableenergygenerationsuchasphotvoltaicpowerorsolartroughs,aswell.Employeesinhighperformancebuildingsaremoreproductiveandtheenvironmentalbenefitsaresharedthroughoutthecampuscommunity.TheLeadershipinEnergyandEnvironmentalDesign(LEED)systemisbecomingtheindustrystandardinsustainabledesign.LEEDprovidesapointbasedsystem,wheredevelopersgaincreditsforintegratinggreendesignfeaturesintotheirbuildings.Whenacertainnumberofcreditsarereached,thebuildingearnsLEEDcertification.

2Operations

3High Performance Buildings


TheUniversity of Vermontusesacentralizedenvironmentalcontrolsystemtooperatemanyofitslargebuildings.Thesystemadjustsbothlightingandtemperatureforperiodsofhighandlowoccupancy.Thisensuresconsistentefficiencybyremovingthepossibilityofhumanerror.Buildingsthatarenotintegratedintothecentralcontrolsystemhavebeenretrofittedwithprogrammablethermostatsthatadjusttemperatureduringlowoccupancyperiods.42

For more information Contact: RichardWolbach,EnergyManagementEngineer 802.656.2186 [email protected]


With1.1millionsquarefeetofLEEDqualifiedbuildingstock,Emory Universityisapioneerinbuildingefficiency.Emorysaccomplishmentsextendbeyondvolumetoquality.In2005,theUSGreenBuildingCouncilawardedEmorysGoizuetaBusinessSchoolLEEDGoldcertification-adifficultaccomplishmentbyanymeasure.TheGoizuetaSchooljoinsrankswithEmorysWhiteheadBiomedicalResearchBuilding,whichbecamethefirstLEEDcertifiedfacilityintheSoutheast.47

For more information Contact: LauraCase,ProjectManager,FacilitiesManagement 404.727.5543 [email protected]

TheDonaldBrenSchoolofEnvironmentalScienceandManagementattheUniversityof California, Santa BarbaraisoneofthefirstbuildingstoachievetheLEEDPlatinumratingastandardreservedforthemostsustainablebuildings.Toachieveitsrating,thebuildingincludedasetofcreativefeaturesinareasincludingefficiency,landscapingandrenewables.Forexample,thebuildingsdesignmaximizesnaturalairflow,reducingtherelianceonmechanicalventilation.Motiondetectorscontrolhighefficiencylightstoreduceunnecessaryelectricityuse.Thesystemalsomonitorslightingconditionsandadjustsitsoutputaccordingly.Efficientlandscapingprovidesshadetoreducethebuildingscoolingrequirements.Together,thesefeaturespushthebuildingsenergyconsumption30%belowCaliforniasmodelbuildingcode.Thebuildingprocuresalargeportionoftheremainingenergyfromrenewableresources.

Twentyfivepercentofbuildingelectricitycomesfromlandfillgasandanadditional7%fromroofmountedsolarpanels.48

For more information Contact: PerrinPellegrin,SustainabilityManager 805.893.2661ext2208 [email protected]



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4Purchasing Policies

I

nadditiontoowningandregulatinglargeamountsofrealestate,buildings,andtransportation

infrastructure,campusesalsopurchaseanimmensenumberofproductseverythingfrompapertopaint,motoroiltoheating,ventilating,andair-conditioning(HVAC)systems.Thesegoodsallrequireenergyandresourcestoproduce,package,transport,use,and/ordispose.Thishasledcampusesacrossthecountrytoimplementpurchasingpoliciesthatfavorlocal,energyefficient,recycled,and/ordurableproducts.Choosingproductswhoselife-cycleimpactsareminimalcansaveenergy,reduceemissions,increasethemarketforhighperformanceproductsandevensavemoney.

Anotheraspectofcampuspurchasingisfoodservice.Therearemanyenergyimplicationsinthepurchase,preparationanddisposaloffood,includingtransportation,packaging,anddisposalofwaste.Campuseshaveinstitutedrecyclingprograms,startedcomposting,andimplementedpurchasingpreferencesforproductswithrecycledcontent(likenapkins)orwithminimal(ormoreenvironmentally-friendly)packaging.Someareevencommittingtobuyacertainpercentageoftheirfoodfromlocalfarmers,whichinfusesmoneybackintothelocaleconomyaswellassavingontransportationcosts.Foodservicecanalsobeasourceofwastevegetableoiltoproducebiodieselorfordirectuseinvehiclesconvertedtorunonfryergrease.


Rutgers,arecognizedleaderinEnvironmentallyPreferablePurchasing,exercisessustainableprocurementateachpracticableopportunity.Inadditiontopurchasingenergyefficientappliancesanddevices,RUalsoincorporatesrecycledmaterialsandsustainablelandscaping.TheschoolhasnegotiatedanagreementwithKinkostopricecopyingjobsonrecycledpaperatorbelowthevirginpaperprice.

For more information Contact: PriscillaHayes,EnvironmentalCoordinator 732.932.9155ext233 [email protected]

Duke Universitys greenpurchasingguidelinesincludeenergyefficiencyprovisionsgoverninganumberofappliances.Theschoolincludesheatingandcoolingsystemsunderitsprocurementpolicies,givingpreferencetostateoftheartefficiencytechnology.DukealsocallsforEnergyStarequipmentwheneverpracticable.IfEnergyStarequipmentisunavailable,theschoolgivespreferencetoproductsintheupper25%efficiencybracket,asdocumentedbytheFederalEnergyManagementProgram.49

For more information Contact: SamHummel,EnvironmentalSustainabilityCoordinator 919.475.8136 [email protected]

YalesBerkeleyCollegeprocuresnearlyhalfofitsfoodfromlocalfarmerswithsustainablepractices,substantiallyreducingtheamountoffuelusedtotransportproduce.Additionally,sustainableagricultureoffsetstheneedforenergyintensivefertilizersandfossilfuel-intensivemachinery.Byrewardingtheseresponsiblebusinesses,YaleUniversitycreatesasignificantmarketforsustainableagriculture

inthearea.Theshifttofresh,localingredientshasalsoraisedthequalityandpopularityofcampusdining.Thedininghallhasbecomesopopularthatitattractslinesofstudentsfromotherdorms.50

For more information Contact: MelinaShannon-DiPietro,AssociateDirector,YaleSustainableFoodProject 203.432.2084 [email protected]


Resources

TheU.S.GreenBuildingCouncil(www.usgbc.org/)formulatesandcodifiesLEEDcriteria.TheirsitehostsacollectionofusefulmaterialsrelatedtoLEED certification.TheLEEDforExistingBuildings(www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=221&)standardprovidesarecognized,performance-basedbenchmarkforbuildingownersandoperatorstomeasureoperations,improvementsandmaintenanceonaconsistentscale.

Twenty-FiveSimpleThingsUniversitiesCanDoToCreateHighPerformance Buildings(www.efswest.org/working/25things.doc)

University of Minnesotas sustainable building guidelines(www.sustainabledesignguide.umn.edu/MSDG/guide2.html)

Stanford Universitys sustainable building guidelines (cpm.stanford.edu/process_new/Sustainable_Guidelines.pdf)

Buying For The Future: Contract Management and theEnvironmental ChallengebyKevinLyonsdemonstrateshowtomakeenvironmentallysoundpurchasingdecisions.(www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=115287)

Getting an A at Lunch: Smart Strategies to Reduce Waste inCampus Dining(DavidSaphire,1998)describessimplestrategiesthathavebeensuccessfullyemployedoncampusesaroundthecountrytopreventthiswastethoughmoreefficientmaterialsuse.(www.informinc.org/getatlunch.php)
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.usgbc.org/http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=221&http://www.efswest.org/working/25things.dochttp://www.efswest.org/working/25things.dochttp://www.efswest.org/working/25things.dochttp://www.sustainabledesignguide.umn.edu/MSDG/guide2.htmlhttp://www.sustainabledesignguide.umn.edu/MSDG/guide2.htmlhttp://cpm.stanford.edu/process_new/Sustainable_Guidelines.pdfhttp://cpm.stanford.edu/process_new/Sustainable_Guidelines.pdfhttp://cpm.stanford.edu/process_new/Sustainable_Guidelines.pdfhttp://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=115287http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=115287http://www.informinc.org/getatlunch.phphttp://www.informinc.org/getatlunch.phphttp://www.informinc.org/getatlunch.phphttp://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=115287http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=115287http://cpm.stanford.edu/process_new/Sustainable_Guidelines.pdfhttp://cpm.stanford.edu/process_new/Sustainable_Guidelines.pdfhttp://www.sustainabledesignguide.umn.edu/MSDG/guide2.htmlhttp://www.efswest.org/working/25things.dochttp://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=221&http://www.usgbc.org/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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0, New Energy for Campuses

Transportation

C

ollegesanduniversitiesownlargenumbersofvehiclesforusebytheiremployees.Historically,efficiencyand

environmentalimpacthavenotbeenlargeconsiderationsinthesevehiclespurchase;however,somecampuseshavebeguntakingstepstoensurethatthesevehiclesoperatemoreefficientlyandcleanly.Reducingthesizeoffleetsorreducingvehicleusethroughchangesindrivingbehaviorarewaystosaveenergy,butupgradingfleetvehiclesismorelikelytohavealastingimpact.Thereareseveraloptionstocleanupcampusfleets,theeasiestofwhichissimplyalteringpurchasingguidelinestofavorthemostfuelefficientvehiclesavailable.Suchvehiclesreducefuelcostswithoutsacrificingperformance.Otheroptionsincludepurchasingalternativefuelvehicleslikeregularplug-inhybrids,andvehiclesthatrunonethanol,biodieselorcompressednaturalgas.Existingdieselvehiclescan

easilybeconvertedtorunonbiodiesel,eitheramixor100%,andsomefleetsmayalreadyincludeflex-fuelvehicleswhichcanrunonupto85%ethanol.


In2000and2003,theUniversity of MinnesotaaddedE85(a15%gasoline/85%ethanolblend)fuelingstationsattwoofitscampuses.Between60and70universityvehicleswillbeabletorefuelattheoutlets.TheadditionsearnedBillRoberts,FleetServicesDirector,theAmericanLungAssociationsExtraMileAward.51

For more information Contact: BillRoberts,UniversityofMinnesotaFleetServicesDirector 612.625.8020 [email protected]

In2003,dieselemissionsspurredwidespreadairqualityconcernsamong DukeUniversitysstudentpopulation.Inresponse,DukesEnvironmentalAlliancepublishedabiodieselcostbenefitanalysiswhichsecureda$28,000grantfromtheTriangleCleanCitiesCoalition.Thegrantfundedapilotprogramtoinvestigatefuelingcampusbuseswitha20%biodieselblend.B20hasconsiderableenvironmentaladvantages,releasingatleast15%fewerparticulateemissionsthanconventionaldiesel.52Theprogramwassuccessful;Dukesentirebusfleetandseveralmaintenancevehiclespresentlyusebiodiesel.

For more information Contact: SamHummel,EnvironmentalSustainabilityCoordinator 919.475.8136 [email protected]

Inearly2005,The University of Wisconsinstartedusinga20%biodiesel/80%ultralowsulfurdieselmixinitsdieselfleet.Theblendisexpectedtoreduceparticulateemissionsby15%,CO

2emissionsby16%,andcuthydrocarbonuseby

13%.53

For more information Contact:

RobKennedy,SeniorTransportationPlanner 608.263.3027 [email protected]

1Efcient Fleets


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M

asstransitintheformofbusesorrailcansaveenergy,reducepollution,reducetheneedfor

parking,alleviatecongestion,andprovideeconomicaltransportationalternativesforfaculty,staffandstudents.Campuses,dependingontheirsizeandlocation,mayhavetheirownmasstransitsystems,ormaypartnerwithcitiesandcountiestoprovidethisservice.Existingcampusbussystemsshouldconsiderintegratingwithcityandcountysystemstoimproveserviceandincreaseridership.Campusesshouldalsoofferlow-orno-costfarepassesforstudents,staffandfacultytoencouragetransituse.


Tomanagegrowingcampustraffic, Cornell Universityinstitutedapackageofincentivesanddisincentives.Higherparkingfeeswerecoupledwitharedrawnparkingsystemwhichfavorscarpooling.Additionally,Cornellworkedwithsurroundingmunicipalitiestointegratetheirtransitsystemsintoaseamlessdesign.NowCornellstudents,facultyandstaffwhoforegoaparkingpasscanuseunlimited,freepublictransportationanywhereinTompkinsCounty.Overall,theschoolseffortshavebeensuccessful.Inadditiontoreducedtailpipeemissions,Cornellsaves417,000gallonsoffueland10,000,000vehiclemilestraveledeachyear.Over12years,Cornellstransportationprogramshavesavedover$36millioninconstruction,infrastructuremaintenance,andtransportationcosts.54

For more information Contact: DavidLieb,CommunicationsandMarketingManager 607.255.5592 [email protected]

TheUniversity of North CarolinaiscommittedtoreducingsingleoccupancyvehicletrafficinChapelHillthroughtheencouragementofalternativetransportationoptions.UNCsCommuterAlternativesProgram(CAP)discouragesUNCstudents,faculty,andstafffromdrivingsingleoccupancyvehiclestocampus.InJanuary2001,UNCbecameafare-freetransitpartnerwithChapelHillTransit.UNChasmettheNationalStandardsofExcellenceestablishedbytheEPAandtheDOTforthedesignationofBestWorkplaceforCommutersintheTriangleRegionforCAPandfare-freetransit.55

For more information Contact: ClaireKane,UNCsTransportationDemandCoordinator 919.843.4414 [email protected]

2Improving Mass Transit

Transportation

Transportation Resources

Greenfleets(www.energyaction.net/documents/greenfleetskit.doc)isacampaigntojumpstartnewproductionoffuelefficient

carsandtrucks.TheSurface Transportation Policy Project(www.transact.org/issues.asp)offersaseriesoffactsheetsontransportationissues.

The University of Colorados Environmental Centerprovideslinkstotheirtransportation master plan andrelatedresources.(ecenter.colorado.edu/transportation/policy.html).

TheCornell Sustainable Campus site outlinestheirinnovativetransportation plan.(www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/transport.htm)

Zipcars car share programforcollegesanduniversities.(www.zipcar.com/universities/)
mailto:[email protected]://www.energyaction.net/documents/greenfleetskit.dochttp://www.energyaction.net/documents/greenfleetskit.dochttp://www.energyaction.net/documents/greenfleetskit.dochttp://www.transact.org/issues.asphttp://www.transact.org/issues.asphttp://ecenter.colorado.edu/transportation/policy.htmlhttp://ecenter.colorado.edu/transportation/policy.htmlhttp://ecenter.colorado.edu/transportation/policy.htmlhttp://ecenter.colorado.edu/transportation/policy.htmlhttp://www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/transport.htmhttp://www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/transport.htmhttp://www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/transport.htmhttp://www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/transport.htmhttp://www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/transport.htmhttp://www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/transport.htmhttp://www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/transport.htmhttp://ecenter.colorado.edu/transportation/policy.htmlhttp://www.transact.org/issues.asphttp://www.transact.org/issues.asphttp://www.energyaction.net/documents/greenfleetskit.dochttp://www.energyaction.net/documents/greenfleetskit.docmailto:[email protected]


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P

arking,trafficandairqualityarebecomingseriousconcernsatmanycollegesanduniversitiesaroundthe

county.Therearemanywayscollegesanduniversitiescanprovidetransportationoptionsandchoicestotheirfaculty,staffandstudents,includingmasstransit,shuttlebuses,carpoolingandvanpoolingsystems,bicycleandpedestrianinfrastructure,andincentivesrelatedtoalloftheabove.Programsthatmakeiteasierandsafertowalk,bikeandusemasstransitincludelanduseplanningthatsiteshousingnearcampus;adequatelighting;dedicatedbikepaths;adequatebikeracks;andfreeorlowcosttransitpasses,tonameafew.Programsthatpromotelesscaruseincludesellingparkingpermitsthatareonlyvalidcertaindaysoftheweektoencouragecommuterstoweighthecostsandbenefitsofcartravelforeachtrip;preferentialparking

forcarpoolsandlowemissionoralternativefuelvehicles;andcarsharingservices.Collegesanduniversitiescanandshouldalsoprovideincentivestousealternativetransportation,includingfinancialincentives(discountsonbikemaintenanceorcouponstocampuseateries,forexample),choicebasedprograms(facultyandstaffmaychooseaparkingpermitorafreebuspassbutnotboth,forexample),andpreferentialtreatment(premiumparkingspotsforcarpools,forexample).


TheUniversity of OregoninEugeneusesamulti-prongedstrategytoencouragebicycling.Theprogramisbuiltonaninterlockingnetworkofbikepathswhichprovidesafetyandconvenience.Theschoolcomplementsitsinfrastructurewithinnovativeideassuchasatandembiketaxiserviceandanincentiveprogramthatawardscreditstostudentsandfacultywhobicycleorwalktocampus.Creditscanbeexchangedforproductdiscounts.

For more information Contact: BettyArtman,ParkingSupportSpecialist 541.346.2915 [email protected]

Tufts UniversityhostsZipcarscarshareprogramoncampus.Theprogramreducestheneedforvehicleownershipbyprovidingcommunityautomobilesforerrandsandshortcommutes.Asanaddedincentive,Zipcarhaswaivedits$300securitydepositforTuftsstudents.Byprovidingcommunityvehiclesoncampus,theuniversitywillreduceitspopulationofpersonalvehicles,improveairqualityandoffsettrafficcongestion.

For more information Contact: TuftsClimateInitiative 617.627.5517 [email protected]

The University of Nevada, Renoofferscompellingcarpoolincentivestoaddresstrafficcongestion.Registeredcarpoolersareabletosharethecostofparkingpermitsamongallthecommutersinthepool.Additionally,carpoolsenjoyreservedparkingspaces.Becausesingleoccupancyisoccasionallyunavoidable,theuniversityofferseachregisteredcarpooleralimitednumberoffreeparkingpasses.OnFridays,

carpoolerscanbringtheirownvehiclestocampus.56

Together,theseincentivesmakecarpoolinganattractiveandinexpensiveoption.

For more information Contact: MelodyBayfield,DirectoroftheParkingandTransportation 775.784.4654 [email protected]

Inadditiontoincentivestoreducecaruse,someuniversitiesalsoattempttoincreasetheuseofefficientvehiclesandthusimproveairquality.In2005,forexample,theUniversity of Miamibeganofferinga50%parkingdiscountforhybridvehicles.Students,staffandfacultyarealleligible,andthesavingscanbeashighas$352peryear.57


DavidVoorhees,Supervisor,CustomerService 305.284.3096option1 [email protected]

Transportation

3Increasing Transportation Options


19/26


Publicuniversities,whichenroll80%ofcollegestudents,maybeabletoaccessstatefundingtosupportsomeoftheprojectssuggestedhere.PossiblesourcesarePublicBenefitsFundsandbondinginitiatives.PublicBenefitFunds(PBFs)alsoknownasSystemBenefitFunds,PublicPurposeCharges,orPublicGoodChargesarestate-controlledfundsgeneratedbylevyingasmallsurchargeonconsumerelectricityusage.Statesthatauthorizeandadministerthissurcharge

typicallysetasidethemoneycollectedinafundusedtosupportarangeofend-useenergyprograms,includingweatherizationefforts,renewableenergyresearchanddevelopment,andretrofitincentiveprograms.Revenuebondsarepublicbondsthatincorporateaspecificpaybackmechanismintotheirdesign.Theyarepaidoffthroughfeesorincome(includingsavings)generatedbytheprojectfunded.Renewableenergyandenergyefficiencyprojectsfitthisbondingschemeparticularlywellbecausetherevenueneededtorepaythebondscanberecoupedthroughlong-termenergycostsavings.Themostcommonenergybondstrategyistocoupleefficiencyretrofits,whichyieldquickandsizablecostsavings,withrenewableprojectsthat,though

theytakelongertopayoff,worktowardthelong-termgoalofweaningAmericaofffossilfuel.Combiningtheseprojectsunderonebondallowscitiestomeettwogoalsdecreasedenergyuseandastrongerrenewableenergyinfrastructureandstillenjoyarelativelyshortpaybackperiod.


In2002,Syracuse University invested$1.8millionintoenergyefficiency.TheNewYorkStateEnergyResearchandDevelopmentAuthority(NYSERDA),whichdistributesfundscollectedthroughasystembenefitscharge,contributedover$522,000ofthetotalfunding.Thegrantwillpurchaseanew,energyefficientchillerwhichwillreducetheschoolsannualenergycostby$150,000andavoid1.8millionkWhofelectricityconsumptionperyearenoughenergytopower300homes.60


NatePrior,EnergyConservationManager 315.443.1535 [email protected]

Inthemid1990stheUniversity of Marylandconductedanenergyauditrevealingsignificantpotentialsavingsthroughacombinedheatandpowersystem.Unfortunately,servicingtheschoolsenergyrequirementsdemandeda27MWplantwithequallylargecapitalcommitments.Atacostof$70million,thesystemcouldnotaccesssufficientstatefunding.Instead,UMworkedwiththeMarylandEconomicDevelopmentCorporationandissued$73millioninbonds.Theschoolexpectsa32%reductioninprimaryenergyuse.Theenergycostsavingswillservicethebondsovera20yearterm.Becausetheplantisfinancedthroughefficiencygains,theprojectappearsofftheuniversitysystemsbalancesheet.61


FrankBrewer,AssociateVicePresidentforFacilitiesManagement,UniversityoMarylandCollegePark

301.405.5445 [email protected]

2Accessing State Dollars


CampusescancontractwithEnergyServiceCompanies

(ESCOs),whichspecializeinconductinglargeenergyefficiencyretrofits.Thisworkisorganizedbyanenergysavingsperformancecontract(ESPC),inwhichtheESCOtypicallyguaranteesaminimumenergysavingsandthenshouldersalloftheinvestmentcostsandlaborexpenses.TheESCOrecoversitscostbysharingtheenergycostsavings.AftertheESCOhasrecoupeditsfees,theschoolenjoysanetfinancialgain,withouteverhavingtomakeaninvestment.AsESPCsminimizecapitaldemands,theycanbeanattractiveoptionforfinanciallyconstrainedadministrators.Moreover,thepresenceofexperiencedefficiencyexpertslowersthetimeandresourcesrequiredtoidentify,understand,andimplementsavingsmeasures.


ProgressattheUniversity of Utahdemonstratestheadvantagesofperformancecontracting.Withastudentpopulationof26,000,theuniversityhasamassedalargebuiltenvironment.Manyofits294buildingsarebetween30and40yearsold,andmanyprojectopportunitieshaveaccumulatedinthattime.58WorkingwithanESCO,theschoolinstitutedamulti-yearcampaignoflightingretrofits,spaceheating/coolingimprovementsandenergymanagementupgrades.Betweentheendofyear2000andthebeginningof2004,theprojectssaved$6.6millioninenergycosts.59

Annualsavingswilllikelygrowasmoreprojectsreachcompletion.

For more information Contact: OrfeoKostrencich,AssociateDirector,PlantOperations 801.581.5503 [email protected]

1Energy Savings Performance Contracts


20/26



A

notherwaytofinancecleanenergyprojectsistoestablisharevolvingloanfund.Startupmoneywould

havetocomefromexistingfunding,grantsorgifts,butgiventhelong-termfinancialbenefitsofreducedenergyuse,thefundwouldmostlikelybeself-sustaining,andcouldevenrepaytheinitialinvestment.Currentexperiencewithsuchfundssuggeststhattherisksarelowandthereturnsarehigh.


OneofthemostsuccessfulexamplesofarevolvingloanfundtodatecomesfromHarvard University.Manyprojectsunderthe$3millionrevolvingloanfundhavegeneratedblisteringratesofreturnoninvestment(ROI).Lightingretrofits,forexample,generateda27%annualROI,whileefficientclimatecontrolandventilationexceeded30%.ROIforcertainbehavioralprogramsexceeded70%.Spreadoverallprojects,theaveragereturnoninvestmentwas27.9%.62Thesesavingsratesproduceconsiderablemonetarybenefits.InFY2003,thefundedprojectssaved$550,000,andinFY2004,thesavingsincreasedto$820,000.Becauseefficiencymeasurestypicallyendure,thesesavingwillaccruewellintothefuture.

For more information Contact: MichaelCrowley,HPBSProgramManager 617.496.0971 [email protected]

3Clean Energy Funds

Campusescantapasignificantsourceofprojectcapitalbydedicatingaportionofstudentfeestocleanenergyprojects.Thismaybeaportionofexistingfeesorastudent-approvedincrease.Withalargestudentpopulation,seeminglymodestincrementscanaddup.Acrossthecountry,studentbodieshavevotedtoraisetheirfeestosupportcleanenergyandmasstransit.


AWestern Washington Universityinitiativedemonstrateshowstudentfeescanleveragesignificantsupportfortherenewablesindustry.OnJune10,2005,WWUsboardoftrusteesvotedonastudentfeetofundcampuscleanenergyprocurement.At$1.05percreditperquarter,thefeewillprovideenoughrevenuetosupply100%(35millionkWhhoursenoughtopower3,200homes)oftheschools2005-06electricitysupplywithcleanenergy.Thispurchasesendsastrongmarketsignaltopowerproducers,nearlydoublingPugetSoundEnergysgreenpowersales.63

For more information Contact: TimWynn-Director,WWUFacilitiesManagement 360.650.3496 [email protected]

In2000,University of Colorado-Boulder studentsvotedbyafivetoonemargintoincreasestudentfeesby$1persemesterforfouryearstopurchasewindpowerfromPublicServiceCompanyofColoradosPonnequinwindfarm.Thisinitialcommitmentloweredcampusemissionsby2.8millionpoundseveryyearandraisedenoughmoneytopurchasetheentireoutputofa2millionkWh/yearwindturbine.InSpring2004,thestudentgovernmentvotedtoextendandexpandthewindpurchaseto8.8millionkWh/year,whichreducescampuscarbondioxideemissionsbyabout12millionpoundseveryyear. 64

For more information Contact: UCEnvironmentalCenter 303.492.8308 [email protected]

4Student Fees


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E

ndowments,largelyfundedbyalumnicontributions,helppayfortheoperatingbudgetsofcampusesand

universities.Theyhavesoaredinvalueinrecentyears,sometimessurpassingtuitionasasourceofincome.In2004,collegeanduniversityendowmentassetstotaledover$267billiondollars.65Agrowingnumberofschoolsareexploringthepossibilityofaligningsubstantialendowmentportfolioassetswithcampusenvironmentalvaluesthroughinnovativenewapproachesthatengagecampusstakeholdersintheprocess.Effortsincludestudentgovernmentresolutionscallingfortransparencyandsociallyresponsibleinvesting,andshareholderengagementviaproxyvoting.Everyyear,dozensoflargecorporationsarerequiredtoaskalltheirshareholderswhetherclimatechangeisimportanttothehealthandprofitabilityofthecompany.Throughactiveproxyvoting,

filingshareholderresolutionsandinitiatingdialogwithcompanies,schoolscanhelptransformcorporatepoliciesonclimatechangewhilestrengtheningthelong-termperformanceoftheirendowments.Otherapproachesseektoestablishseparate,dedicatedfundswhoseinvestmentisguidedbyenvironmentalorsustainableprincipals.PortionsofinvestmentscouldalsobeinvestedinefficiencyupgradesorCleanEnergyFunds.


In2004,Carleton Collegeused$1.8millionfromitsendowmentfundtobuilda1.65MWwindturbine.Thecollegehasentereda20yearpowerpurchaseagreementwithXcelenergyat3.3centsperkilowatthour.Withstatefinancialincentives,thewindturbinewillrealizepaybackwithin10to12years.Theturbinesusefullifeis25years,providing15yearsofearningsontheinvestment.66

For more information Contact: RichardStrong,DirectorofFacilitiesManagementandPlanning 507.646.4271 [email protected]

In2001,studentsatStanford Universityworkedtogethertomaketheiruniversitys$12billionendowmentthefirstintheUnitedStatestoimplementclimatechangeshareholdervotingguidelines.Studentsproposedtheinitialguidelines,whichwererefinedbytheuniversitysAdvisoryPanelonInvestmentResponsibility.RecommendationsbythispanelwereadoptionbytheStanfordUniversityBoardofTrusteesandtheguidelineswillbeappliedwhenvotingonfutureclimateactionshareholderresolutions.

For more information Contact: LindaKimball,DirectorofInvestmentResponsibilityattheStanford

ManagementCompany 650.926.0251 [email protected]

5Responsible Endowments
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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O

nesourceoffunds,forsmallerenergyprojectsorstartupcosts,isgiftsfromseniorclassesoralumni.

Thesecanbeparticularlyusefulinjump-startingprojectsthatdonthaveinstitutionalsupport,orneedasmallinvestmenttoprovetheirworth.Theycanalsobeusedasmatchingfunds,ortogenerateothercontributions.CollegesandUniversitiesmayalsoapplytofoundationstofinancespecificprojects.


Macalester College installedawindturbineoncampustoincreaseawarenessofrenewableenergyandenergyconservationinthestudentbody.Alocalutilityofferedtopurchasetheturbine,ifthecampuswouldpaytoinstallit.The$15,000installationcostwasinitiallycoveredbyPhysicalPlant,andthenrepaidfromfundsraisedfortheSeniorClassgift.67

For more information Contact: MarkDickinson,MacalesterCollegeCampusEnvironmentalIssuesCommittee [email protected]

In2004,College of the Atlanticreceiveda$1milliongifttofundsustainabilityinitiatives.Thegiftmakesanother$250,000availableifCOAcanmatchtheadditionalamountbyDecember2006.ThefundswillbeusedtohireaDirectorofSustainabilitywhowillintegratebestenvironmentalpracticesintotheCOAsadministrativeactivitiesandtofundeducationprogramsthatinstillanenvironmental

ethicintoemergingandpresentbusinessleaders.68

For more information Contact: DonnaGold,DirectorofPublicRelations 207.288.5015ext291 [email protected]

InJuly2004,St. Olaf Universityreceiveda$98,000grantfromtheKresgeFoundationtomakeitsnewsciencecomplexenvironmentallyfriendly.Theschoolistakingaholisticapproach,examiningsiting,daylighting,renewableenergyandsoundwatersustainablewatermanagement.TheschoolhopestoearnLEEDaccreditation.6

For more information Contact: PerryKruse,AssistantDirectorofFacilities 507.646.3280

[email protected]

6Gifts and Grants


Financing Strategies Resources

The Apollo Allianceoffersacollectionoffinancing strategies forsustainableenergyprojects,someofwhichmaybeappropriateforcampuses(www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_financing_strategies/index.cfm).

TheEnergy Service CoalitionmaintainsadatabaseofEnergyService Companies(www.energyservicescoalition.org/members/index.asp).

TheNational Association of Energy Service Companies (www.naesco.org/providers/default.asp)maintainsadatabaseofEnergyServiceCompanies.

TheResponsible Endowments Coalition(www.sriendowment.org/)isadiversenetworkofstudentsandalumnifromacross

thecountrydedicatedtoadvancingsociallyandenvironmentallyresponsibleinvesting(SRI)inrelationtocollegeanduniversityendowments.

TheSustainable Endowments Institute (http:www.EndowmentInstitute.org),aspecialprojectofRockefellerPhilanthropyAdvisors,isdedicatedtoempoweringcollegesanduniversitiestobecomeengagedinvestors.

The University of California Santa CruzMeasure9ballotinitiative(elections.ucsc.edu/electionsSpring03/measures.html)successfullyestablished,andMeasure14(elections.ucsc.edu/elections05/ballot.html)successfullyincreased,acampussustainability fee.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_financing_strategies/index.cfmhttp://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_financing_strategies/index.cfmhttp://www.energyservicescoalition.org/members/index.asphttp://www.energyservicescoalition.org/members/index.asphttp://www.energyservicescoalition.org/members/index.asphttp://www.energyservicescoalition.org/members/index.asphttp://www.energyservicescoalition.org/members/index.asphttp://www.energyservicescoalition.org/members/index.asphttp://www.naesco.org/providers/default.asphttp://www.naesco.org/providers/default.asphttp://www.naesco.org/providers/default.asphttp://www.naesco.org/providers/default.asphttp://www.sriendowment.org/http://www.sriendowment.org/http://elections.ucsc.edu/electionsSpring03/measures.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/electionsSpring03/measures.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/electionsSpring03/measures.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/electionsSpring03/measures.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/elections05/ballot.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/elections05/ballot.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/elections05/ballot.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/elections05/ballot.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/elections05/ballot.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/elections05/ballot.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/electionsSpring03/measures.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/electionsSpring03/measures.htmlhttp://www.sriendowment.org/http://www.sriendowment.org/http://www.naesco.org/providers/default.asphttp://www.naesco.org/providers/default.asphttp://www.energyservicescoalition.org/members/index.asphttp://www.energyservicescoalition.org/members/index.asphttp://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_financing_strategies/index.cfmhttp://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_financing_strategies/index.cfmmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Labor Strategies

Campuses,particularlypublicuniversities,shouldinsurethattheirinvestmentincleanenergyisalsoaninvestmentingoodjobsbyaskingtheircontractorstomeetcertainstandards.Onewaytodothisistoestablishmarket-basedwagestandards.Underthesestandards,employersmustpaythegoingmarketratetoemployees.Theratecanbetiedtothestateorregionalmedianoraveragewage,ortotheprevailingwageinaparticularindustry.Thiscanbemodifiedtorequirethatonlyacertainpercentageofemployeesarepaidaccordingtothesestandards;toexemptwelfare-to-workparticipants,students,interns,andothercategoriesofworkersfromthestandards;ortomakedistinctionsbetweenlargeandsmallemployers,oryoungerandmoreestablishedemployers.

1Apprenticeship Utilization

Campuses,particularlypublicuniversities,shouldconsideraddingrequirementsorincentivesforemployingworkerstrainedthroughstate-approvedapprenticeshipprograms.Theseprogramsofferworkerrecruitment,classroominstruction,on-the-jobtrainingandjobplacement.ProjectLaborAgreements(PLA),ortheagreementsbetweenunitsofgovernmentandcontractorscarryingoutpubliclyfundedprojects,canbeusedtosupportapprenticeshipprograms.UniversitiescanestablishPLAsthatrequirecontractorstouseapprenticesforaspecifiedpercentageofallhoursworked.

Labor Strategies Resources

TheApollo AlliancepageonApprenticeship Utilizationprovidesinformationandlinksabouttheseprograms.(www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_legislation/aur.cfm)

2Prevailing Wage
http://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_legislation/aur.cfmhttp://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_legislation/aur.cfmhttp://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_legislation/aur.cfmhttp://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_legislation/aur.cfmhttp://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_legislation/aur.cfmhttp://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_legislation/aur.cfm


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38StudentEnvironmentalActionCoalition.$MART$AVINGS:Cost-EffectiveEnvironmentalSolutionsforCollegesandUniversities.www.seac.org/energy/resources/10cleanenergyactions.doc

39TexasLegislativeBudgetBoard.BestPracticesFactSheet.2003.www.lbb.state.tx.us/TSPRP/AIMSAreaofReview/PlantOperationsManagement/POM04.pdf

40StateUniversityofNewYorkatBuffaloUBGREEN.CampusEnergyPolicies.wings.buffalo.edu/ubgreen/content/programs/energyconservation/energypolicies.html

41U.S.GreenBuildingCouncil.LEEDforExistingBuildings.www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=221&42UniversityofVermont.EnergyEfficiencyProjectsatUVM.www.uvm.edu/~energy/?Page=Energy%20Efficiency%20Projects.html

43PaulAbramson.2003CollegeConstructionReport.RebuildAmerica.2003.

44U.S.DepartmentofEnergy,EnergyEfficiencyandRenewableEnergy,FederalEnergyManagementProgram.TheBusinessCaseforSustainableDesigninFederalFacilities.August2003.www.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/bcsddoc.pdf

45GregKats.TheCostsandFinancialBenefitsofGreenBuildings:AReporttoCaliforniasSustainableBuildingTaskForce.October2003.CapitalE.wwwcap-e.com/ewebeditpro/items/O59F3259.pdf

46GregKats.TheCostsandFinancialBenefitsofGreenBuildings:AReporttoCaliforniasSustainableBuildingTaskForce.October2003.CapitalE.wwwcap-e.com/ewebeditpro/items/O59F3481.pdf

47BeverlyClark.GoizuetaRenovationEarnsEmorysFirstLEEDGoldRating.EmoryReport.2005.www.emory.edu/EMORY_REPORT/erarchive/2005/March/March%2021/goizueta.htm

48ArchitectureWeek.LEEDPlatinumatUCSB.June2003.

49DukeUniversityPurchasingPolicy.www.duke.edu/sustainability/documents/EPP%20Guidelines%207-8-04.pdf

50CathyShufro.GreenMenus:CollegeCampusesOptforSustainableDining.E:TheEnvironmentalMagazine.2004.www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1594/is_4_15/ai_n6142389

51UniversityofMinnesotaFleetServicesDirectorBillRobertsGrantedAmericanLungAssociationExtraMileAward.PressRelease.UniversityofMinnesota.2004.www1.umn.edu/fleetsrv/alamnaward.htm

52DukeBusesBeginUsingBiodiesel.PressRelease.DukeUniversity.2004.www.duke.edu/sustainability/2004-04-22biodiesel.html

53UW-MadisonFillsUponLessPollutingBiodieselMix.PressRelease.UniversityofWisconsin.2005.www.news.wisc.edu/releases/10691.html

54EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.TransportationManagement.CornellFactSheet.2003.www.epa.gov/ne/assistance/univ/pdfs/bmps/CornellTransportation.pdf

55UNCsSustainabilityWebsite.MobilityPage. sustainability.unc.edu/index.asp?Type=T

56UniversityofNevadaParkingServices.www.howler.unr.edu/facilitiesmgt/parking/parking_services_car_pool_progra.htm

57JenniferPeltz.UMGivesHybridVehicleOwnersHalfOffParkingFee.SouthFloridaSunSentinel.2005.https://www.miami.edu/greenu/WEB-PAGES/Sun-Sentinel-1.htm

58SouthwestEnergyEfficiencyProject.UniversityofUtahCaseStudy.www.swenergy.org/casestudies/utah/univ_of_ut.htm

59DepartmentofEnergy.OfficeofEnergyEfficiencyandGreenPower.PerformanceContractImprovesCampus,SavesMillionsofDollars.2004.

60SyracuseUniversityInvests$1.8MillionToImproveEnergyEfficiencyStateAwardsMoreThan$570,000ForUpgrades.NYSERDAPressRelease.2002.www.nyserda.org/Press_Releases/press_archives/2002/10_03_02.asp

61RebuildAmerica.TheEnergySmartGuidetoCampusCostSavings.DOE.2003.www.rebuild.org/attachments/SolutionCenter/EnergySmartGuidetoCampusCostSavings.pdf

62HarvardGreenCampusInitiative.LoanFundAchievements.www.greencampus.harvard.edu/gclf/achievements.php#Average

63WWUTrusteesSetEnergyFeeWesterntoPurchaseAllElectricityfromRenewableEnergySources.PressRelease.WesternWashingtonUniversity.2004.west.wwu.edu/ucomm_news/articles/896.asp

64ColoradoEnergyCenter.EnergyConservation:RenewableEnergyatCU.ecenter.colorado.edu/energy/cu/renewables.html

65NationalAssociationofCollegeandUniversityBusinessOfficers.2004NACUBOEndowmentStudy.www.nacubo.org/x2321.xml

66SarahMaxwell.WindTurbineatCarletonCollege.CarletonCollege.2004.apps.carleton.edu/news/?content=content&module=&id=79338

67NationalWildlifeFederation.CampusFactSheet.MacalesterCollege.2004.www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/Macalester%20college%20energy%20FINAL%2Epdf

68NationalWildlifeFederation.CampusFactSheet.CollegeoftheAtlantic.2004.www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/College%20of%20the%20Atlantic%20yearbook%20entry%2003%2D04%2Epdf

69ErinPeterson.WhatSustainsUs.St.OlafMagazine.2005.

Endnotes
http://www.seac.org/energy/resources/10cleanenergyactions.dochttp://www.seac.org/energy/resources/10cleanenergyactions.dochttp://www.seac.org/energy/resources/10cleanenergyactions.dochttp://www.lbb.state.tx.us/TSPRP/AIMSAreaofReview/PlantOperationsManagement/POM04.pdfhttp://www.lbb.state.tx.us/TSPRP/AIMSAreaofReview/PlantOperationsManagement/POM04.pdfhttp://wings.buffalo.edu/ubgreen/content/programs/energyconservation/energypolicies.htmlhttp://wings.buffalo.edu/ubgreen/content/programs/energyconservation/energypolicies.htmlhttp://www.uvm.edu/~energy/?Page=Energy%20Efficiency%20Projects.htmlhttp://www.cap-e.com/ewebeditpro/items/O59F3481.pdfhttp://www.emory.edu/EMORY_REPORT/erarchive/2005/March/March%2021/goizueta.htmhttp://www.emory.edu/EMORY_REPORT/erarchive/2005/March/March%2021/goizueta.htmhttp://www.duke.edu/sustainability/documents/EPP%20Guidelines%207-8-04.pdfhttp://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1594/is_4_15/ai_n6142389http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1594/is_4_15/ai_n6142389http://www1.umn.edu/fleetsrv/alamnaward.htmhttp://www.duke.edu/sustainability/2004-04-22biodiesel.htmlhttp://www.news.wisc.edu/releases/10691.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/ne/assistance/univ/pdfs/bmps/CornellTransportation.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/ne/assistance/univ/pdfs/bmps/CornellTransportation.pdfhttp://sustainability.unc.edu/index.asp?Type=Thttp://www.howler.unr.edu/facilitiesmgt/parking/parking_services_car_pool_progra.htmhttps://www.miami.edu/greenu/WEB-PAGES/Sun-Sentinel-1.htmhttps://www.miami.edu/greenu/WEB-PAGES/Sun-Sentinel-1.htmhttps://www.miami.edu/greenu/WEB-PAGES/Sun-Sentinel-1.htmhttp://www.swenergy.org/casestudies/utah/univ_of_ut.htmhttp://www.nyserda.org/Press_Releases/press_archives/2002/10_03_02.asphttp://www.rebuild.org/attachments/SolutionCenter/EnergySmartGuidetoCampusCostSavings.pdfhttp://www.rebuild.org/attachments/SolutionCenter/EnergySmartGuidetoCampusCostSavings.pdfhttp://www.greencampus.harvard.edu/gclf/achievements.php#Averagehttp://west.wwu.edu/ucomm_news/articles/896.asphttp://%20http//ecenter.colorado.edu/energy/cu/renewables.htmlhttp://apps.carleton.edu/news/?content=content&module=&id=79338http://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/Macalester%20college%20energy%20FINAL.pdfhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/Macalester%20college%20energy%20FINAL.pdfhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/Macalester%20college%20energy%20FINAL.pdfhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/College%20of%20the%20Atlantic%20yearbook%20entry%2003-04.pdfhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/College%20of%20the%20Atlantic%20yearbook%20entry%2003-04.pdfhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/College%20of%20the%20Atlantic%20yearbook%20entry%2003-04.pdfhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/College%20of%20the%20Atlantic%20yearbook%20entry%2003-04.pdfhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/Macalester%20college%20energy%20FINAL.pdfhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/Macalester%20college%20energy%20FINAL.pdfhttp://apps.carleton.edu/news/?content=content&module=&id=79338http://%20http//ecenter.colorado.edu/energy/cu/renewables.htmlhttp://west.wwu.edu/ucomm_news/articles/896.asphttp://www.greencampus.harvard.edu/gclf/achievements.php#Averagehttp://www.rebuild.org/attachments/SolutionCenter/EnergySmartGuidetoCampusCostSavings.pdfhttp://www.rebuild.org/attachments/SolutionCenter/EnergySmartGuidetoCampusCostSavings.pdfhttp://www.nyserda.org/Press_Releases/press_archives/2002/10_03_02.asphttp://www.swenergy.org/casestudies/utah/univ_of_ut.htmhttps://www.miami.edu/greenu/WEB-PAGES/Sun-Sentinel-1.htmhttps://www.miami.edu/greenu/WEB-PAGES/Sun-Sentinel-1.htmhttp://www.howler.unr.edu/facilitiesmgt/parking/parking_services_car_pool_progra.htmhttp://sustainability.unc.edu/index.asp?Type=Thttp://www.epa.gov/ne/assistance/univ/pdfs/bmps/CornellTransportation.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/ne/assistance/univ/pdfs/bmps/CornellTransportation.pdfhttp://www.news.wisc.edu/releases/10691.htmlhttp://www.duke.edu/sustainability/2004-04-22biodiesel.htmlhttp://www1.umn.edu/fleetsrv/alamnaward.htmhttp://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1594/is_4_15/ai_n6142389http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1594/is_4_15/ai_n6142389http://www.duke.edu/sustainability/documents/EPP%20Guidelines%207-8-04.pdfhttp://www.emory.edu/EMORY_REPORT/erarchive/2005/March/March%2021/goizueta.htmhttp://www.emory.edu/EMORY_REPORT/erarchive/2005/March/March%2021/goizueta.htmhttp://www.cap-e.com/ewebeditpro/items/O59F3481.pdfhttp://www.uvm.edu/~energy/?Page=Energy%20Efficiency%20Projects.htmlhttp://wings.buffalo.edu/ubgreen/content/programs/energyconservation/energypolicies.htmlhttp://wings.buffalo.edu/ubgreen/content/programs/energyconservation/energypolicies.htmlhttp://www.lbb.state.tx.us/TSPRP/AIMSAreaofReview/PlantOperationsManagement/POM04.pdfhttp://www.lbb.state.tx.us/TSPRP/AIMSAreaofReview/PlantOperationsManagement/POM04.pdfhttp://www.seac.org/energy/resources/10cleanenergyactions.dochttp://www.seac.org/energy/resources/10cleanenergyactions.doc


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T

heApolloAllianceaimstoimproveAmericassecurity,technologicalleadership,economicstrength,andsharedprosperitybyachievingsustainableAmericanenergyindependencethrougheffortsatthenational,stateandlocallevel.NamedafterPresidentKennedyschallengeinthe1960sto

landamanonthemoonwithinadecade,ournewApolloAlliancehasaboldstrategytodirect$300billionintargetedinvestmentstowardsachievingsustainableenergyindependencewithinadecade.Apollos10-pointplantoachieveenergyindependenceincludesmanyofthestrategiesdiscussedinthisdocument:

Promotingadvancedtechnologyandhybridcars Encouraginghighperformancebuilding Increasingtheuseofenergyefficientappliances Expandingrenewableenergydevelopment Improvingtransportationoptions

Ourplanissupportedbykeynationalleadersinthelabor,environmental,andbusinesssectors,aswellasbycommunitiesofcolorwhoaretraditionallymostharmedbyexistingenergypolicies.

TherealworkoftheAlliancetakesplaceatthestateandlocallevel,whereApollobringstogetherlabor,environmentalists,business,civilrightsactivists,electedofficialsandtheirconstituentstoimplementhigh-performancepolicies.ThesestateandlocalApollogroupsworkonspecificjob-generatingpoliciesandprojectstoincreaseenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyuse,andbuildthetransportation,utility,andotherinfrastructureneededtosupportsustainableefficientenergypractice.Overthepastyear,stateandlocalApolloAllianceshavebeenbuiltincitiesfromLosAngelestoNewYorkandstatesfromHawaiitoMassachusetts.Thesestateandlocalalliancespursuespecificlegislativeandadministrativereformstoincreaseinvestmentinenergyefficiency,renewablepower,andothercleanenergystrategies.

Investmentatalllevelsofoureconomycreateshighqualityjobsandincreasedincome,aswellasimprovingtheenvironmentandpublichealth.Italsomorethanpaysforitself,offeringfiscallystrappedstates,cities,andfor-profitinvestorsabetterthancompetitiverealrateofreturn(oftenashighas15-20percentannually).TolearnmoreabouthowyourcitycanstartanApolloproject,andtofindinformationonexistingcoalitionsandprojects,visitStateandLocalApolloatwww.apolloalliance.org/state_and_local/.

FoundedonJune6th,2004,EnergyActionisacoalitionof25leadingstudentenvironmentalandsocialjusticeorganizationsintheU.S.andCanada

createdtounifyandsupportthestudentglobalwarmingmovement.Together,wehavesomeofthemostexperiencedcampusorganizersonthecontinent,alargeandgrowingbaseofcommittedvolunteersonover1,500collegecampusesandaplantocatalyzealargerandmoreeffectivemovementonthiscriticalissue.

TheCampusClimateChallenge(www.campusclimatechallenge.org)isourcoalitionsmostambitiouscampaignyet.TheChallengeisaUSandCanada-wide,long-terminitiativeaimedatmakingcampusesenergyindependentanddramaticallycuttingtheirglobalwarmingpollution.Byconsolidatingtheseinitiativesintoaunifiedstructure,theChallengeallowscampusestoshareideas,bestpractices,resourcesandnetworkinwaysneverbeforepossible.

Ourcoalitionpartnersinclude:BlackMesaWaterCoalition,CaliforniaStudentSustainabilityCoalition,ChesapeakeClimateActionNetwork,ClimateCampaign,DakotaResourceCouncil,EducationforSustainabilityWesternNetwork,EnergyJusticeNetwork,Envirocitizen,EnvironmentalJusticeandClimateChangeInitiative,FreeThePlanet!,GlobalExchange,Greenpeace,IndigenousEnvironmentalNetwork,LeagueofConservationVotersEducationFund:ProjectDemocracy,NationalAssociationofEnvironmentalLawSocieties,NationalWildlifeFederationsCampusEcologyProgram,thestudentPIRGS,RainforestActionNetwork,SierraStudentCoalition,SierraYouthCoalition,SouthernAllianceforCleanEnergy,SouthernEnergyNetwork,StudentEnvironmentalActionCoalition,StudentsUnitedforaResponsibleGlobalEnvironment,SustainableEndowmentsInstitute,andYouthEnvironmentalNetwork.

About the Authors

The Apollo Alliance for Good Jobs and Clean Energy

Energy Action
http://www.campusclimatechallenge.org/http://www.campusclimatechallenge.org/

Campus Energy

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