By: Kiley Hajek Mrs. Venesky Pd. 3. Definition: A species whose population is so small that it is at risk of becoming extinct 5 Most Common Reasons for.

By: Kiley HajekMrs. Venesky

Pd. 3

Definition: A species whose population is so small that it is at risk of becoming extinct

5 Most Common Reasons for Endangerment:

Habitat loss Pollution Over Exploitation Climate Change Disease

Prevent Endangerment by: Learning more about the Species Being aware of possible

environmental problems Creating Conservation groups or

clubs

Indiana Bat

Scientific Name: Myotis Sodalis

Reasons that Endangered: Cave Commercialism and Improper Gating, Loss of Habitat, Insect pesticides, Environmental Contaminates

Piping Plover

Scientific Name: Charadrius melodus Reason that Endangered: Loss of Habitat

by Commercialism of Beaches, Dams flooding nesting areas and making them too dry, Sensitivity to humans causes them to abandon their nests, eggs being crushed by humans, animals preying on the eggs

Bog Turtle

Scientific Name: Glyptemys muhlenbergii

Reasons that Endangered: Habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation due to

development, encroachment of invasive exotic plant species

Northeastern bulrush

Scientific Name: Scirpus ancistrochaetus

Reasons that Endangered: filling and ditching in it’s wetland habitats

Small-whorled pogonia

Scientific Name: Isotria Medeoloides

Reasons that Endangered: collecting habitat and alteration, only 3 populations in PA

Native: Species that has been in an area for a long time

Introduced: Species which is brought into a new area

Invasive: A species whose introduction causes environmental harm

Definitions

5 most common ways invasive species come into the U.S. :1. foreign ballast water

2. hidden in wood packing material

3. hidden in other vegetation via the nursery trade

4. hidden aboard ships

5. hitchhiking on other species

Negative effects on the environment:

Increased Competition and Predation Disease Habitat Destruction Genetic Stock Altercation

Wild Boar

Scientific Name: Sus scrofa Linnaeus

Origin: Eurasia

Niche in Natural Environment: Scavenger and Nuisance

Niche in Introduced Environment: Scavenger and Nuisance

Problems they cause: Damage Native plants and animals

in PA

Mexican Fruit Fly

Scientific Name: Anastrepha ludens Origin: Mexico and Central America

Niche in Native Environment: Eat fruit, part of food chain

Niche in Introduced Environment: Eat fruit, part of food chain

Problems they cause: Larvae attack Fruit of Economic Value

in PA

Cane Toad

Scientific Name: Rhinella marina Origin: South America

Niche in Native Environment: Insect control, scavengers

Niche in Introduced Environment: Insect control, scavengers, nuisance

Problems they cause: Preys on and competes with native species; poisonous to pets

in PA

Chocolate vine

Scientific Name: Akebia quinata Origin: Central China, Korea, Japan Niche in Native Environment: Nuisance, part of

food chain

Niche in Introduced Environment: Nuisance, part of food chain, invades under-story plant growth

Problems it causes: Outgrow, choke, and displace native plants; monopolize nutrients, water, light, and space

in PA

Amur maple

Scientific Name: Acer ginnala Origin: Russian Federation, Mongolia, China, Japan, Korea

Niche in Native Environment: provides shade, shelter, and beauty

Niche in Introduced Environment: Displaces native shrubs and under-story trees, provides shade, shelter, and beauty

Problems it causes: out-competes native flowers, prevents surrounding plants from growing, displaces native plant species

in PA

Reintroduced Species: a species that is reinstated into an area in which it was established before but became extinct

Extirpated Species: a species that becomes extinct from a particular area

Definitions

Elk

At one time, elk were extinct in North America. In 1913-1927 elk were introduced to Pennsylvania and several other states. In 1999 a relocation program released more elk in Pennsylvania.

http://www.fws.gov U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

http://www.naturalheritage.state.pa.us Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program

www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov National Invasive Species Information Center

intranet.iucn.org IUCN/SSC Guidelines for Re-Introductions

http://kids.nationalgeographic.com National Geographic Kids