By: Chantae Garrett, Michelle Cairy, Kenneth Guidry, and Raul Garcia.

By: Chantae Garrett, Michelle Cairy, Kenneth Guidry, and Raul Garcia

•A change in knowledge or skill through instruction or study

Learning. (2009). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved March 19, 2009, from

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/learning

How educators design and plan instruction is based on the needs and problems of learners

Strong correlation between instructional design and theories of human learning

Three main learning approaches are evident in research: behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism

Integrating technology software, programs, and websites, etc., into core subjects links theory to instructional practices

Behaviorism is a learning theory in which a learner learns through conditioning of a particular task. This conditioning happens through what is called a Stimulus-Response or S-R Cycle approach.

A learner is given a stimulus and he/she must give some kind of response. In addition, behaviorism learning has been known to be repetitious and goal oriented.

Computer –enhanced instruction (CEI) should be designed by providing learners with drill and practice tasks. Correct responses should be followed by a reward.

It must also evolve from simple to more complex tasks as the learner progresses through a particular task.

The transfer of learning in the behaviorist theory occurs when the learner can apply the knowledge in similar, yet slightly different situations.

DK’s My First Math Adventure

Fundamentals of addition and subtraction

Adjusts games to every student’s ability

Promotes independent thinking to finding solutions

Children develop problem solving skills

What is Cognitivism?Cognitive theorists recognize that much learning involves associationsestablished through contiguity and repetition. They also acknowledge theimportance of reinforcement, although they stress its role in providingfeedback about the correctness of responses over its role as a motivator.However, even while accepting such behavioristic concepts, cognitivetheorists view learning as involving the acquisition orreorganization of the cognitive structures through which humansprocess and store information. (Good and Brophy, 1990, pp. 187).

Good, T. L., & Brophy, J. E. (1990). Educational psychology: A realistic approach. (4th ed.). White Plains, NY:

Longman.

Some Games Offered by Luminosity

Brain ShiftTask Switching & Response Inhibition

By the Rules Logical Reasoning & Task Switching

Color MatchInformation Processing

Lost in MigrationFocus Response Inhibition

Memory MatrixSpatial RecallWorking Memory

Word BubblesVerbal FluencyInformation Processing

In brief, constructivism is the process where:

Learners construct their own reality or at least interpret it based upon their perceptions of experiences, so an individual's knowledge is a function of one's prior experiences, mental structures, and beliefs that are used to interpret objects and events. What someone knows is grounded in perception of the physical and social experiences which are comprehended by the mind.

Jonassen, D. H. (1991). Objectivism versus constructivism: Do we need a new philosophical paradigm?

Educational Technology, Research and Development, 39(3), 5-14.

Some games offered by:http://www.funbrain.com/

Math Arcade

Reading Brain

Grammar Gorillas

No one theory is better than the other

The behaviorist, cognitive, and constructivist approaches all provide a foundation for selecting the best teaching strategies

Whether cognizant or not, educators use these theoretical approaches when integrating technology instruction – programs, websites, and/or activities are selected because they meet the needs of learners

Good, T. L., & Brophy, J. E. (1990). Educational psychology: A realistic approach.

(4th ed.). White Plains, NY: Longman.

Jonassen, D. H. (1991) Objectivism versus constructivism: Do we need a new

philosophical

paradigm? Educational Technology, Research and Development, 39(3), 5-14.

Learning. (2009). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved March 19,

2009, from, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/learning