BUNG 2 VARAK LEH VATAWK VULH - Ruangam - eGyanKosh

BUNG 2 VARAK LEH VATAWK VULH

Ruangam

2.0 A thiltum

2.1 Thukamkeuna

2.2 Varak

2.2.1 An pianphung tlangpui

2.2.2 A nu leh pa thliar hran dan (Sexing)

2.2.3 Breeds

2.2.4 Insak (Housing)

2.2.5 Chawpek

2.2.6 A Enkawl hna (Management)

2.2.7 Hriselna lam (Health Care)

2.3 Vatawk (Geese)

2.3.1 A landan tlangpui (General Features)

2.3.2 A nu leh pa thliarhran dan (Sexing)

2.3.3 Insak

2.3.4 Chawpek (Feeding)

2.3.5 Enkawl hna lam


2.4 Zirlai Enletna

2.5 Thumal hman leh a hrilhfiahna

2.6 Lehkhabu Chhiarbelh atana rawnte

2.7 Lehkhabu rawnte

2.8 I hmasawnna enfiah nana chhanna te

2.0 A THILTUM

He zirlai i zawh hunah chuan heng hi i lo ti thei tawh ang:

Varak leh vatawk tana a nu leh pa thliar hran, insak leh chaw pek sawifiahna;

Varak leh vatawk enkawlna lamah; leh

Varak leh vatawk hriselna lam ven thatna lam hriatna.

2.1 THUKAMKEUNA

I thenawm vela Varak tui hmun vela tla dem dem i hmu tawh mai thei e. Varak lehvatawk te hian tui an ngaina tih leh “Water fowls” ti a hriat an ni tih i hre bawk awme. Kan ramah chuan tual varak (Desi) te hi a tui atan vulh an ni ber a. West Bengal hivarak ngahber an ni a, a dawtah chuan Assam, Bihar, Manipur, Kerela, AndhraPradesh, Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Tripura leh Jammu and Kashmir te an awm a ni.Kolkata ah hian artui 1/4th vel artui te hi varak tui an ni. Central Duck BreedingFarm, Hesserghata, Bangalore (Karnataka) atang hian varak note (duckling) lei tura awm a ni. Vatawk te hi mi tam zawkin nuam leh mawi tih vangin inah an vulh vedeuh ber a ni. Vatawk hi tam thama vulh atan hmachhawp chauh a la ni. A enkawlnalam heng; a note awplum, thanglai, tui thar chhuahlai, eng pek, chhuat enkawl, an

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Varak leh Vatawk vulh

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leitha sawngbawl etc. velah chuan ar pangngai a tih dan nen a thuhmun a ni. Chutihlaiin,a danglam bik awm thei te he unit ah hian sawifiah a ni ang.

2.2 VARAK

“Duck” han tih hian a nu sawina kawk bik mah se a nu leh pa sawina a ni nghal a ni.Varak leh ar pangngai i hmu tawh a, an lan dan danglamna i sawi thei em? I theih ngeika ring e. Varak sa hian thau a pai tam avangin tamtakin an duh loh phah a ni. Varaksa ah hian protein 11.5 % leh fat 39% a a wm ani.

2.2.1 An pianphung tlangpui

Varak leh ar danglamna zual te chu:

Varak te chu an khan a hniam a, an taksa in lei a dek deuhthaw tih mai tur a ni.Chu chu chiang takin i hmu thei ngei ang. Mahse varak chikhat “Runner” an tiherawh chu an ding ngil thei a ni.

An hmui hi a phek a “Bill” tiin an vuah; a hmawr ah lawr te tak te a awm a chuchu “Bean or Horn” (Fig 2.1) an ti.

Ar angin chhuang leh wattles an lu ah an nei ve lo.

Utawk ke a kan hmuh angin an zungtang te chu “Web” hmangin a inzawm veka ni. Tui hleuh nan a tangkaipui viau a ni.

Varak pa hi “Drake” an ti a, a mei zingah hmul pawr bik (Drake feathers ti akoh) a awm bik a ni A nu chuan hei hi an nei lo. Ar pa hian chang, a mei sei bik,“Sickle feathers” an nei tih chu i hre bawk ang.

Varak pa hram dan hi “belch” a ni a, a nu hram dan chu “whimper” a ni. Arpaah chuan a hram dan chu “crow” a ni a, a nu ah chuan “cackle” ani.

A – Bill; B – Bean (Horn)

Fig. 2.1: Varak lu

2.2.2 A nu leh pa thliar hran dan (Sexing)

A hma a tarlan tawh angin, a pa in drake feather a neia, a nu in an nei lo. An hram dana in anglo bawk. Kar 6 a upa an nihin a hriat hran theih a ni. Mahse, Muscovy varakah chuan a nu aiin a pa a lian zawk em em a ni.

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Thingtlang Ar vulh Leh Ar Chidang Enkawl hna

2.2.3 Breeds

Varak chikhat “Khaki Campbell” (Fig 2.2) hian chawl miah loin nitin a tui thei tih himak i tiviau mai thei a ni. Kan ramah a tui atan vulh ber an ni a, a sa ei chi chu an larvak lo a ni. Zirlai hmasaah varak chi breed/varieties hrang hrang chanchin i zir tawha, chuvangin i hriatna han tih thar leh nan a chi hrang tlem pawimawh chanchin chauhtarlan leh a ni ang.

Fig. 2.2: Khaki Campbell

(i) Egg type (a tui chi)

Varak tui chi ah chuan “Khaki Campbell” (Fig 2.2) England a tobul nei hi a lar berchu a ni. A pa rawng chu an hnung hnuai lam, mei khuh tu, lu leh nghawng te chu dumuk (brownish bronze) a ni, a dang zawng chu ‘Khaki’ (a uk) a ni. A hmui rawng chua hring a ni (bills tih hi varak leh vatawk ah chuan ar a a hmui, beak, tih nen a in angani). An ke leh zungtang te chu serthlum rawng duk (dark orange) a ni. A nu lu ahchuan uk lai bik a awm a, a dang zawng chu khaki a ni. An hmui a dum a, an ke lehke tang te chu a buang a ni. Varak chi khat ‘Runner’ an tih te pawh tui tam chi tho anni.

(ii) Meat type (a sa eichi)

Varak chi tam tak a sa eichi an awm a. Mahse chungho zingah chuan ‘White Pekin’(Fig 2.3) hi a larber chu a ni. A hming ang hian a var a, a hmui chu serthlum rawngang a ni a, an ke leh ngal te chu a eng bawka, an tui erawh chu a var a ni thung.Aylesbury leh Muscovy breed te pawh a sa ei chi tia hriat an ni.

Fig. 2.3: White Pekin

2.2.4 Insak (Housing)

Varak ekah hian tui a tam bika chuvangin, litter chunga vulh an har em em a ni.Chuvangin, chhuat chunga dah a, an ek then fai theih tura vulh hi an duh zawk thin a


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ni. Concrete chungah thirlen (1.25cm × 1.25 cm of 8 gauge) chu 10 cm a sangahvuah theih a ni. Kar 4 awplum hnu ah thirlen (2.5 cm × 2.5 cm of 8 gauge) chungahvulh an ni thin. Varak tam dan a zirin tui chenna tur dil lenzawng 0.9 m a zau leh 20-30 cm a thuk concrete in a siamsak theih bawk a ni.

Varak leh Vatawk chaw leh tui pekna a tana hmun mamawh zauhzawng chu a hnuaiatable ah hian tarlan a ni:

Table 2.1: Space requirement of ducks and Geese

Age Ducks Geese Floor space (m2/bird)

Brooder(hover)space 0.003 0.0035 0-4 weeks 0.072 0.135 4-8 weeks 0.135 0.180

8-12 weeks 0.180 0.270 > 12 weeks 0.270 0.450

Adult 0.450-0.540

0.720

Feeder space (cm/bird) 0-1 weeks 5.0 5.0 1-2 weeks 5.0 6.25 2-4 weeks 6.25 7.5 4-8 weeks 6.25 10.0

Adult 12.5 15.0 Drinker space (cm/bird)

0-1 weeks 1.75 1.75 1-4 weeks 1.75 2.5 4-8 weeks 1.75 2.5 > 8 weeks 2.0 3.0

Adult 2.5 3.5 Source: Wilson et. al, 1997

A chunga table atang khian varak in len zawng tur chu a zat leh upat a zirin i chhutchhuak thei mai ang. Chutiang bawkin chaw pekna leh tui pekna mamawh lendan ichhut thei bawk ang. Ar tana tih ang bawkin chaw pekna leh tui pekna te remfel chutih tur a ni.

2.2.5 Chawpek

Chaw hrual hlawm (Pellets) te hi ei a awlsam avangin varakte hian an duh zawk a ni.Pellets lenzawng hi 0.3 cm starter ration tan niin leh 0.5 cm chin a dang tan a ni. A saeichi ho atana chaw te chu kar 2 thleng starter, kar 3-6 tan grower, kar 7 na atangahralh chhuah thleng Finisher ration pek tur a ni. A tui chi tan chuan ar a pek anginstarter, grower leh layer ration pek ve mai an ni. Layer ration hi an tui beisei hma thlakhat ala awmin pek tan tur a ni. Chaw pek zat pawh ar nen a in ang a ni. A sa ei chiahFCR chu 3.0 vel a ni. Varak note te hi hmuar vanga natna awm Aflatoxicosis an hawhle a ni. Chuvangin varak chawah Aflotoxin a awm lo tih chian hmasak zel tur a ni.Hei vang hian varak chawah groundnut cake an hmang ngai lo a ni. Varak ten anupat a zira an mamawh chu a hnuaiah hian tar lan a ni:

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Table 2.2: Varak chaw tha mamawh dan

Nutrient 0-2 weeks 3-7 weeks Breeding

Metabolizable energy, kcal/kg 2900 3000 2900

Crude Protein, % 22 16 15

Lysine, % 0.90 0.65 0.60

Methionine, % 0.40 0.30 0.27

Calcium, % 0.65 0.60 2.75

Phosphorus, non-phytin, % 0.40 0.30 -

Sodium, % 0.15

Vitamin A, IU/kg 2500 4000

Vitamin D3, ICU/kg 400 900

Vitamin E, mg/kg 10

Riboflavin, mg/kg 4

2.2.6 A enkawl hna (Management)

Awp lum dan chu ar nen a inang a, varak note te hian tui a chen an mamawh kher loa ni. Varakte hi tui chenna siam sak an nih chuan tihfai fo leh damdawi hmanga tihthianghlim fo a ngai thin a ni. Chutilo chu tui tling reng atang hian natna a chhuak thuaithei a ni. Ram neih a zauh tawk chuan semi-intensive system hmangin zana an tawmhimna tur siam sak in an vulh theih a ni. Varak tan chuan tui duhtawk a awm ngei tura ni. Tuihal an ngaithei lo em em a, varak te hi khawlum hnuaia dah renga tui vawtpek leh hian shock angin an thihpui duh khawp mai. An chaw ei kham hlim hian nisaan tuar thei lo bawk. Tui in a tana an mamawh tam dan hi an upat danin a hril hle a ni.Kar khat a upa pakhat chuan nikhatah tui 28 ml a mamawh a, chutiang zelin kar li aupa chuan 120 ml, kar 8 a upa chuan 330 ml an mamawh a ni.

(i) Debilling (a hmui tan)

Ar hmui tan nen a inang a, kar thum vela upa an nih a, a puitling hmul tur an lo to tanhian inchuk an ching tan duh hle. Hmui tan hi an tuar duh hle a, na an ti bawk a ni. Achung lam aiin a hnuai lam an zuah sei zawk thin. Electrict hmang khawl (electrictbeak trimmer) hmangin a keu hlimin an hmui hi tan theih a ni. Mahse varak notepiang hlim te hian khawih chet vel an tuar lo hle a, an hmui chu a te in a to leh hma hlebawk a ni. Chuvangin a tan hun pawh hi bithliah sak a awm thei lo a ni, chuvangin ni7-21 a upa an nihin a thenin an tan a, a tam zawk chuan kar 4 a upa an nihin an tanve bawk. A hmui chunglam chanve hi an tan mai thin. Electrict beak trimmer emawsakawrbakcheh hriam tha tak hman theih a ni. An ketin chu a len lutuk leh a sei lutukchuan midang an hliam tur veng atan an tan sak ve thin an ni.

(ii) Egg Production (A tui tharchhuah lam)

Varak te hi ar ang deuh hian an tui lai chuan cage ah dah ve theih an ni. Tui leh chawpekna te erawh hniam deuh a vuah an ngai thung a ni. Tu in nan nipples an hmang vengai lo. Chuvangin cage hmalam chaw pekna atanga 10 cm a sang ah tui pekna vuaha ni. Cage lenzawng pawh ar nen a inang a ni. A ekah tui a tam avangin in chhuatsang chi (high rise house) hman a tha zawk. Concrete chhuat chunga vulh anih chuannitin tihfai leh sil a buaithlak hle a ni. Ar chu an tui tan hmain an chaw pekah khuahkhirhan ngai tih i hre tawh a, chutiang bawk chuan varakte pawh hi an tui a tet loh nan antui tan hma hian thla 7 a upa tal ni hman se a tha a ni. Hemi atan hian an tui tan hmakar 3 ala awm chinah nitin eng darkar 14 pek an nithin a ni. Bulb hman tur chi leh a


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dahna lai tur te chu ar nen a inang a ni. Egg-type varak te hian kar 5 chhungin za zela90 aia tam mah te chu an tui tawh thin a ni. An tui tam zawk chu zing dar 7 hma in antui thin a, chuvangin zing dar 7 hma in an tui hi khawm a ngai thin. Duhthusamahchuan an tui hi lakkhawm a nih veleh sil faia fumigate leh hnuah dah that tur a ni, awptir tur anih chuan varak pa pakhat tan a nu 6-8 zel dahpawlh tur a ni a, varak pa leha nu dah pawlh hun thla khat atangin awpkeu atan an tui chu lakkhawm tan tur a ni.A tui bawm te chu salmonella lakah an him ngei tur a ni, a chhan chu salmonella hivarak tuiah hian a awm duh hle a ni. Tuibawm mamawh zat chu varak tam dan atanga 30% vel a ni.

(iii) A tui awp leh awp keu

Ar nen awp keu danphung chu a inang a, mahse varak tui tan chuan awp chhungzawng chu humidity 70% a mamawh a, a keu hun chhung hi ni 28 a ni bawk. Varaktui te chu ni 25na ah setter atangin hatcher ah sawn tur a ni. Varak tui te chu kar khataia tam dah an nih chuan nitin her chet thin tur a ni.


Varakte hian heng natna Infectious bronchitis, Lymphoid leucosis, Marek’s diseaseleh thawkna lam kaihhnawih natna dangte an vei ve ngai meuh lo. Varak natnapawimawh deuh te chu a hnuaiah hian tarlan a ni:

(i) Bacterial disease

New duck disease: He natna hi natna hrik Moraxella anatipestifer in a thlen a nia. Hei hi ar a Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) nen a inang a ni. Hemi bakah hianvarakte chu an kal hlei thei lo thin a (lose balance), sir zawng leh hnung zawngte in antlu thina; an taksa a tui awm a chhuah (dehydration) tam avangin an thi mai thin a ni.He natna hi Sulfonamides leh antibiotics dang te hmanga tihdam theih a ni.

(ii) Viral diseases

(a) Duck viral hepatitis

He natna hi a darh chak em em a; he natna atanga dam leh te pawh he natna thehdarh tu (carriers) kar 8 chhung vellai an la ni thei a ni. He natna hi ni 3-4 atangin arawn lang chhuak tana, varak note te chu an ding thei lova, an mit an chhing tlat thin,mumal takin an kal thei loa, a sirzawngin an tlu thin a, an ke chawl lo in an phut charchara an thi mai thin. Varak note te chu ni 7 aia naupang annih chuan an thi zo deuhvek thin. Kar 2-3 a upa an nih chuan an thihna chu 50% in a tla hniam a, a upa tawhho chu an thi meuh lo a ni. He natna hi vaccine hmanga ven theih a ni a, a venna chuvawi hnih emaw vawit hum emaw kar ruk danah pek tur tur a ni. Varak note an pianatanga kar 4-5 a upa an nih thleng uluk taka dahhran hi he natna pumpelh nan hian atangkai em em bawk a ni.

(b) Duck viral Enteritis (Duck Plague)

Hei hi kawng hnih Direct in (tui chenna ah) leh indirect in hmanraw thiang hlim loatangin a inkai chhawn theih a ni, Varak naupang lam (7 weeks) velah chuan henatna hi dehydration, rih zawng tlak hniam, hmui dumpawl, mawnga thisen kai angchiin a lang chhuak a. A puitling chi thlah a hmanah chuan an thi thut a, tui a tlem a, nieng ah awm an hlau a, an mit berh deuh in an meng de re a, tui hal huam huam, chawei tui lo, thla thlah hnuang te, khurh te, hnar atanga thil chuak leh kawthalo te in a lolang chhuak thin. He natna vei te chu an che sawn thei lova, an lu nghawng leh taksate an thing vel thin. Lu bu nguih in an tlu a, an thla an thlah hnuang bawk thin. A noteah chuan thihpui dan hi 5-100 % a ni. A venna kar 2 a upa an nih hunah a pek theiha ni.

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Thingtlang Ar vulh Leh Ar Chidang Enkawl hna I hmasawnna enfiah rawh 1

Note: a) I chhanna te ziah nan a hnuaia hmunawl hi hmang rawh.

b) I chhanna chu zirlai tawp lam atang khan endik ang che.

1) Khaki Campbell chanchin sawi rawh.

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2) Debilling sawifiah rawh.

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3) Duck viral hepatitis natna lan chhuah dan sawi rawh.

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2.3 VATAWK (GEESE)

Duck ang deuh in, “GEESE” tih hian a nu sawina a nih rualin a nu leh pa sawi nanhman a ni bawk. Geese hi water fowls hnuai ah dah an ni ve bawk. Vatawk 6-7 teatang hian hmul 1 kg a awm thei a, chu chu thawmhnawah te hman a ni. Hnim an eithei a, hnim ringawt pawhin an dam thei a ni. Broiler te hi ar chi zingah thang chakber niin i hre mai thei a, mahse a ni lo. Vatawkte hi a sa ei chi ar kan tih mai ho zingahchuan an thang chak ber a ni. Mahse a sa hi varak ang deuhin ei atan chuan duhthua sam lo deuh a, chuvangin broiler hi ei atan chuan a thlanawm zawk a ni. Vatawk saah hian 16 % protein leh 36 % fat a awm.

2.3.1 A landan tlangpui (General Features)

Varak leh vatawk i hre hrang thei ang em? Vatawk chu an lian zawk tlangpui a, annghawng a sei zawk a, an hmui a mum zawk a, bean/horn an hmui hmawrah a awmve lo bawk (Fig 2.4). A nihna takah chuan ar hmui nen a in zul hle a ni. An hram danhi “Honking” an ti a, varak hram dan nen chuan a inang lo a ni. Varak ang tho invatawk hian chhuang leh wattles an nei lo a ni. Breeds then khata a pa te chuan an luah hmul buk an nei a ni.

Fig. 2.4: Geese (vatawk )

2.3.2 A nu leh pa thliarhran dan (Sexing)

A pa te hi “Ganders” an ti a, a nu te hi “Geese” an ti. Vatawk breed pakhat “Pilgrim”tih chauh loh ah chuan vatawk te hi a nu leh pa hriat hran an chi thlah kawng en in a


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tih theih a ni, a tihdan chu hetiang hi a ni; Vatawk chu dawhkan hmawr lam emawkhup lam hawi in khai kan awlsam turin vawn beh a ni a, chutah a mawngkua chu kuta Vaseline hnawihin 1-2 cm vel a thukin kutzungchal a zen tur a ni, kut tang chu a bialzawngin tihchet kual leh tur a ni, tichuan a mawngkaw sirah hmehin a pa zahmawhchu tih lan theih a ni.

Pilgrim breed ah ve thung chuan a nu ah chuan a hmul a thim zawk a, a mit chu abuang bawk a ni. A pa ah chuan a hmul chu a pawl bawk a ni.

2.3.3 Insak

Vatawk te hi tla chhuaka mahni a chaw zawng chi an nih avangin chhun a chhuah a,zan ah tawm hulna siamsak an ni thin. Hetianga vulh hi semi-intensive system an ti.Table 2.1 ah chaw leh tui pekna a tana hmun zauh zawng mamawh tarlan tawh a ni.

2.3.4 Chawpek (Feeding)

Tarlan tawh angin vatawkte hi tla chi an ni a, mahse thiamna hmanga chaw pek dawnchuan a hnuaia mamawh angchi hi duhthusam a ni. Vatawk pawh hian chaw hrualhlawm (pellets) an duh zawk.

Table 2.3: Vatawk chawtha mamawh dan

Nutrient 0-2 weeks 3-7 weeks Breeding

Metabolizable Energy, kcal/kg 2900 3000 2900

Crude Protein, % 20 15

Lysine, % 1.0 0.85 0.60

Methionine + Cystine, % 0.60 0.50

Calcium, % 0.65 0.60 2.25

Phosphorus, non-phytin, % 0.30

Vitamin A, IU/kg 1500 4000

Vitamin D3, ICU/kg 200

Riboflavin, mg/kg 3.8 2.5 4.0

2.3.5 Enkawl hna lam

Awp lum an nih chuan ar nen tih dan a inang a; mahse an keu hnu reilo te ah hnimzingah a note chu tlattir nghal maitur an ni. Ar aia an ek in tui a pai tam zawk avanginlitter sawngbawl chungchangah fimkhur a ngai hle a ni.

(i) Debilling (Hmui tan)

Vatawk te hi an hmui tan sak an ni ve ngai lo a ni. Eng vang nge i hria em?. A chhanchu ho te a ni a, anmahni a chaw zawng thin an nih avangin an hmui tan sak chuan anmahni in chaw an zawng thei dawn lo a ni.

(ii) Incubation and hatching (tui awp leh awpkeu)

A pa pakhat leh a nu 5 kar khat chhung tal khung fal an ni thin. Chumi hnua a rualadah an nih pawhin a pa chuan a chenpui tawhte chu an la hre hrang thei dawn a ni. Apa in a nu a pawl duh bik leh a nu a pawl duh loh bik “Preferential mating” a awm lohnan fimkhur taka enthlak tur a ni. Tuibawm ngai zat chu ar ang bawkin 30 % a ni tura ni. An tui hi ni 2 aia rei kawl that an nih chuan nitin her chet tur a ni. Awp keuchhung hi ni 29-31 a rei a ni a, Egyptian Geese ah chuan ni 35 a ngai a ni. Khawl a

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awp keu hian humidity a duh sang a, chuvangin ar, turkey emaw varak emaw anawp tir mai thin. Ar awp tir an nih chuan a tui chu an her thei lova her sak an ngai thin.Awp keu chhung chanve hnu lamah chuan nitin a tui chu tui a theh emaw tui a 30second chiah in an keu tha duh a ni. A keu hlim chu hmun lumah dahsawn vat tur a ni,chuti lo chu vatawk pui chuan a la keu lo chu kalsawn in a keu tawh note chu abuaipui san daih mai thin a ni.

(iii) Geese as weeders (Vatawk hnim ei raltu a tan)

Weeds te chu hnim to thlai kar a mi te hi an ni a, lo nei tuten heng hnim ti bo tur hianan thawk nasa thei hle thin a ni. Vatawk te hi heng, china cotton (la), purunsen, purunvar, strawberries etc chinna hmuna hnim duh loh ei ral tura vulh theih an ni. Mahsezikhlum leh lettuce te an ei ve duh avangin heng chin naah hi chuan an hman ve theihloh a ni. Hemi a tan hian vatawk note kar 6 a upa vel te chu zanah chaw tlemte an pea, zingah riltam deuhin an tlattir thin a ni. An tlatnaah chuan daihlim leh tui chhawpsak tam tawk a awm tur a ni.


Vatawk te hi natna tam takah an fihlim hle a, mahse rulhlut an pai duh hle. Engvangnge i hre thei mai em? An tlat chhuah thin avangin rulhlut tui an ei tel thin a ni. Rulhluthlopek uluk chuan ven theih a ni.

I hmasawnna enfiah rawh 2

Note: a) I chhanna te ziah nan a hnuaia hmunawl hi hmang rawh.

b) I chhanna chu zirlai tawp lam atang khan endik ang che.

1) Ar, varak leh vatawk danglamna han ziak chhuak teh.

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2) Vatawk nu leh pa hram dan hming sawi rawh.

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3) Vatawk nu leh pa engtinnge an thliarhran theih?

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2.4 ZIRLAI ENLETNA

Varak leh vatawk te hi water fowls an ni. Varak hi West Bengal in an ngah ber a,varak leh vatawk sa te hian thau an pai tam avangin ei atan an lar lo hle a ni. Varakhian a hmui phek lam, a hmawr a horn awm a nei a, ar aiin varak te hi an khan ahniam a ni. Varak pa te hian an meiah hmul pir chho “drake feathers” an nei. Varakpa hram dan hi belching an ti a, a nu chu whimper an ti. Varakte hi tui cheng kherlovin in chhungah vulh theih an ni. Khaki Campbell te hian kum khat chhungin 365 antui thei. An hmun mamawh zauh zawng tih danglam tih mai lohah chuan layer anginvulh theih an ni. Varak sa eichi chu kar 8 a upa an nihin an talh theih a ni. Varak tehian aflatoxin an haw hle a, chuvangin a chaw pawlhsawpah fimkhur em em tur a ni.Vatawk te hi ar lam chi ah chuan thang chak ber an ni, an keu hlim atangin hnim


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chawah an ring thei nghal a ni. A nu leh pa hram dan hi honking an ti. An tuar chhelhle a, natna tam tak lakah an fihlim a ni. Mahse, rulhluthlo pek zin an ngai hle. Varakleh vatawk tui awpkeu nan hian RH mamawh a sang zawk. Dan naranin, a pa pakhatleh a nu 5 an tui awp keu tur neih nan dah pawlh thin an ni.

2.5 THUMAL HMAN LEH A HRILHFIAHNA

Bean/Horn : Varak hmui hmawra zum sei bik

Belching : Varak pa hram dan

Bill : Varak leh vatawk hmui sawina

Debilling : Hmui tan then (beak trimming nen a in ang)

Drake Feather : Varak pa mei a hmul pirchho

Drake : Varak pa

Droopiness : Kun emaw hnuai lam hawi a inkhai

Duck : Varak nu sawina, a nu leh pa ah pawh hmanve ve a ni.

Gander : Vatawk pa

Geese : Vatawk nu sawi na, mahse a nu leh pa sawinan hman ve ve a ni.

Honking : Varak nu leh a pa hram dan

Pasture : Ran tla chhuak chiin a an ei thin hnim emawthlai hnah.

Photophobia : Eng hlauhna

Preferential Mating : Thlan bik nen a chi inthlahna

Tufts : Hmul to khawm bik.

Web : Tui cheng chi ar ketang zawmkhawm tu, varakleh vatawk te ang chi

Whimpering : Varak nu hram dan.

2.6 LEHKHABU CHHIARBELH ATANA RAWNTE

Ensminger, MB 1993. Poultry Science, 3rd Edition. International Book DistributingCompany, Lucknow, India.

North, M.O. and Bell, D.D. 1990. Commercial Chicken Production Manual.AVI Publication, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, USA.

Sreenivasaiah, P.V. 2006. Scientific Poultry Production, 3rd Edition. InternationalBook Distributing Company, Lucknow, India.

2.7 LEHKHABU RAWNTE

Ernst, R.A. and Coates, W.S. 1977. Raising Geese. Leaflet No.2225, Univ. ofCalifornia, Davis, USA.

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Wilson, H.R., Mather, F.B. and Jacob, J.P. 1997. Poultry ManagementSpecifications. IFAS Extension Bulletin, Univ. of Florida, USA.

2.8 I HMASAWNNA ENFIAH NANA CHHANNA TE

I hmasawna enfiah rawh 1

1) Varak breed tui tam chi chu ‘Khaki Campbell’ a ni a. England atang a tobul neia ni. Varak pa hian hmul buang thim lam a hnungzang hnuai lam mei khuh tu a luleh nghawngah a nei a, a bak dang zawng hmul chu a rawng khaki a ni. An hmuirawng chu a hring a ni (varak leh vatawk hmui chu bills an ti a, ar hmui beak tihnen a in ang). An ke leh zungtang chu a rawng serthlum rawng thim lam a ni.Varak lu leh nghawngah hmul buang a awm a, a bak zawng chu a rawng khakia ni. An hmui rawng a dum a, ke leh zungtangte chu a buang a ni.

2) Debilling chu ar a hmui tan, beak trimming tih nen a in ang. Hmul in chuk sak hikar 3 vela upa an nih a, an hmul puitling tur to tan hian an ching tan thin. A hmuitan hi an tuar hle a, na an ti a ni. Hmui tan hian a hnuai lam hi a chung lam aiin anzuah sei zawk thin. A hmui tan hi an keu hlimin an ti mai thin. Mahse varak keuhlim hian tawh vel hi an ngai thei lo hle a, an hmui pawh a la te a, an to leh thuaithin, chuvangin, tan dik a har thei. Chuvangin, ni 7-21 a upa an nihin hmui tan hitih tura ngaih a ni, mahse kar 4 a upa an nihin electrical beak trimmer hmanginan tan sak thin, sakawrbakcheh hriam tak pawh hman theih a ni. Hetih lai hianan ke tin a lena a hriam viau chuan mihring leh a thiante an hliam loh nan tansakve nghal thin an ni.

3) Duck viral hepatitis hi a darh chak duh hle a, a dam chhuak leh te pawh kar 8chhung a rei chu a theh darhtu (carriers) an la ni reng thei a ni. Ni 3-4 chhungina natna a lo lang chhuak a, varak note te chu an ding tha thei lova, sir zawnginan tlu thin. An ke an kick renga a tawpah an lu hnung lam hawi chungin an thimai thin. Varak note te chu ni 7 aia naupang an nih chuan an vai deuh thaw in anthi thei a ni. An thih tam dan hian kar 2-3 a upa ah chuan 50% ah a tla thla thina, a upa lam chuan an thihpui meuh lo a ni.

I hmasawnna enfiah rawh 2

1) Vatawk te hi water fowls an ni a, chuvangin tui an ngaina hle. Vatawk te hi anlian zawk a, an nghawng a sei zawk a, an hmui a mum lam a ni, bean/horn anhmui hmawrah a awm lo thung a ni (Fig 2.3). Ar hmui nen a inang mah a ni.Vatawk hram dan hi “Honking” an ti a, varak hram dan nen chuan a inang lo ani. Varak angin vatawk hian chhuang leh wattles an nei lo a ni. Breeds thenkhatzinga a pa chuan an lu ah hmul buk an nei a ni. Ar ang lo takin an ke tang webhmangin a inzawm tlat a ni. Varak hi a pa te hian drake feather an nei a ni,vatawkah chuan a nu leh pa hre turin, a pa zahmawh enfiah atangin a nu leh a pahriat hran a ni thin. Varak leh vatawk te hian an chaw siam hmangah pellets anduh ber a ni; vatawk te hi an keu chiah atangin an tla thei nghal a ni.

2) Vatawk nu leh pa hram dan hi “Honking” an ti.

3) Vatawkah chuan, kutzungchal a Vaseline hnawihin a mawng zenin, tih chet kualvel tur a ni a, chumi hnuah a pa zahmawh hmeh chhuah mai theih a ni. Pilgrimbreed ah erawh chuan an hmul rawng atangin a nu leh pa hriat hran theih a ni, avar chu a pa a ni a, vut buak rawng chu a nu a ni thung a ni.

BUNG 2 VARAK LEH VATAWK VULH - Ruangam - eGyanKosh

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