Building science 2 report

BUILDING SCIENCE 2 REPORT

INTEGRATION PROJECT

Yong Thang Shaun | ARC 3413 | Tutor: Mr. RizalStudent ID: 0320675

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CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 OBJECTIVE

1.2 SITE/PROJECT INTRODUCTION

1.3 FLOOR PLAN

2.0 LIGHTING STUDY

2.1 DISCUSSION ROOM

2.1.1 DAYLIGHT FACTOR ANALYSIS

-DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION

-NATURAL ILLUMINATION CALCULATION

-CONCLUSION

2.1.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS

2.1.3 PSALI

2.2 ENCLOSED MEETING POD


-DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION

-NATURAL ILLUMINATION CALCULATION

-CONCLUSION


2.2.3 PSALI

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1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 OBJECTIVE

This project aims to integrate students' understanding of the principles of lighting design in the context their final design project of studio 5. It will encompasses on artificial and daylighting systems also will implement the

PSALI design strategies.

Front Façade Site Location

1.2 SITE/PROJECT INTRODUCTIONThe proposed site for the building is Petaling Street which is located in Kuala Lumpur. The site itself is oriented towards the west therefore during the morning, the back façade will be greatly affected by the morning sun while the front façade will be affected by the evening sun most.

In this project, we were required to design a community library for the community of Petaling Street. As such, I have chosen to design a building

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that is mostly naturally ventilated with natural lighting as well in most of its spaces. However, some spaces are enclosed for sound proofing purposes from the bustling activity noise, therefore those spaces will be the main spaces being analyzed in this report.

The façade shown above is a fabric façade using a material known as (PTFE Glass Fabric Mesh). This material allows sunlight to penetrate through the façade and is also repeatedly use for the roof as a blinder that can be manually manipulated. Therefore, it is assumed that the roof allows an ample amount of daylight into the spaces of the building.

All analysis, light contours and perspective renderings with natural lighting set to the 21st of September 2016 in the respective times of 9AM, 12PM and 3PM were all done using REVIT.

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1.3 FLOOR PLAN

G FLOOR PLAN 1 : 200

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1ST FLOOR PLAN 1 : 200

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Discussion room

AREA = 37M2

2ND FLOOR PLAN 1 : 200

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Meeting Room

15M2

3RD FLOOR PLAN 1 : 200

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2.0 LIGHT ANALYSIS2.1 DISCUSSION ROOMFacilities Standard Lighting Requirement Average = 300 LUX

The discussion room is located on the 2nd floor however is only accessible via the 3rd floor. Due to the open nature of the building, some spaces were required to be sound proofed or privatized for discussion purposes such as the one above. The room has no openings on the 2nd floor walls but has a large clerestory window on the upper part of the room which is by the entrance on the 3rd floor. Thus, natural daylight from the voids can be attracted to the space via the window.

Below is a table showing the relationship between Daylight Factor (%) and Distribution

ZONE DAYLIGHT FACTOR %

DISTRIBUTION

Very Bright >6 Large with thermal and glare problems

Bright 3-6 GoodAverage 1-3 FairDark 0-1 Poor

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SPACE A. Discussion Room

Plan and Light Contour of Space at 12pm Sectional Space

9AM 12PM 3PM

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Daylight Factor Calculation

Floor Area (m2) 6.5m x 5.7m = 37m2

Area of Exposed Façade to Sunlight (m2) 3.5m x 1.5 m = 5.25m2

Area of Skylight 0 Daylight Factor (DF) =(5.25 + 0)/37

= 0.14= 14% x 0.1= 1.4%

Natural Illuminance Calculation

Illuminance Example120000 lux Very bright sunlight110000 lux Bright Sunlight20000 lux Clear Sky1000-2000 lux Overcast Sky400 lux Sunrise/Sunset on clear day<200 lux Midday40 lux Fully Overcast<1 lux Sunset, Storm Cloud

Unobstructed Exterior Illuminance (Eo)

20000 lux

Daylight Factor (DF) 1.4%Natural Illumination DF = (Ei/Eo) x 100%

1.4 = (Ei/20000) x 100%Ei = (1.4 x 20000)/100%Ei = 280

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CONCLUSIONThe Discussion Room has a daylight factor of 1.4 % which falls under the average reading according to MS1525 chart which means it has a fair distribution of daylight.

The space itself has a reading of 280 lux for its natural illumination which is lesser than the average requirement of 300 lux for spaces meant for discussion.

PROBLEMS

Due to the below average natural illumination reading, the space would require more artificial lighting to make up for it.

Solution

One solution would be to add an adequate amount of artificial lighting to the space. Another solution would be to add another opening near the voids to allow more facades being exposed to sunlight.

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Type of Illuminance

Material of Fixture Housing: Natural anodized

aluminiumProduct Brand & Code BCS640 Philips Fortimo LED Line

3RWattage Range (W) 25-47 wColour Temperature (K) 4000kColour Designation WhiteLumens 1700-4520 lm( depending on

configuration)

Room Dimension, L x W (m) 6.5 x 5.7

Room Area, A (m2) 37

Height of Ceiling, H (m) 4Lumen ( lux) 4000Luminaire Height (m) 4Work Level Height(m) 0.8Mounting Height (Hm) 3.2Reflection Factors Ceiling – 0.7

Wall-0.5Floor-0.2

Room Index/ RI (K) =(6.5 x 5.7)/(6.5 + 5.7)x3.2=0.95

Utilisation Factor ( UF) 0.37

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Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8Number of Lamps Required=(E x A)/(F X UF x MF)

=(300 x 37)/(4000 x 0.37 x 0.8)=11100/1184=9.4=10 lamps

Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR)=(1/Hm) x √(A/N)

=(1/3.2) x √(37/10)=0.6S= 3.2 x 0.6 = 1.92m

Fittings Layout Fittings Required Along 6.5m Wall= 6.5/1.92 = 3.38= 4 rowsNumber of Lamps in Each Row= 10/4 = 2.5= 3 lampsSpacing Along 6m Wall= 5.7/2.5= 2.28=3m

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2.1.3 PSALI Based on the calculations done above, it is known that the discussion room has a daylight factor distribution of 1.4% which only provides fair lighting. Due to this, artificial lights are needed to illuminate the space. From the artificial calculation results, it is determined that 12 lamps were needed in the space each with high flux. Hence, PSALI is applied whereby the lightings are to be controlled with two switches. The first is to control the first two rows near the entrance and stairs while the other 2 rows by the study table can be controlled with the other. Therefore, while daylight is still obtained from the outside during the afternoon, the lights near the stairs can be left switched off while only turning on the lights by the study table.

During the Day and Night During the Afternoon

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2.2 MEETING PODFacilities Standard Lighting Requirement Average = 300 LUX

The meeting pod is accessible on the 3rd floor however is on the level between the 3rd and 4th floor. The meeting pod is the second enclosed space found in the building that is also soundproofed for group discussion purposes. The pod has glass facades wrapping around it to allow natural lighting in to the space as it sits in between 2 voids.

Below is a table showing the relationship between Daylight Factor (%) and Distribution

ZONE DAYLIGHT FACTOR %

DISTRIBUTION

Very Bright >6 Large with thermal and glare problems

Bright 3-6 GoodAverage 1-3 FairDark 0-1 Poor

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SPACE B. Meeting Pod

Plan and Light Contour of Space at 12pm Sectional Space

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9AM 12PM 3PM


Daylight Factor Calculation

Floor Area (m2) 5m x 3m = 15m2

Area of Exposed Façade to Sunlight (m2) 2(4m x 1.8m) =14.4m2

Area of Skylight 0 Daylight Factor (DF) =(14,4 + 0)/15

= 0.96= 96% x 0.1= 9.6%

Natural Illuminance Calculation

Illuminance Example120000 lux Very bright sunlight110000 lux Bright Sunlight20000 lux Clear Sky1000-2000 lux Overcast Sky400 lux Sunrise/Sunset on clear day<200 lux Midday40 lux Fully Overcast<1 lux Sunset, Storm Cloud

Unobstructed Exterior Illuminance (Eo)

20000 lux

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Daylight Factor (DF) 9.6%Natural Illumination DF = (Ei/Eo) x 100%

9.6 = (Ei/20000) x 100%Ei = (9.6 x 20000)/100%Ei = 1920

CONCLUSIONThe Meeting Pod has a daylight factor of 9.6 % which is very much above the average reading according to MS1525 chart which means it is very bright and might have thermal and glare issues

The space itself has a reading of 1920 lux for its natural illumination which is higher than the average requirement of 300 lux for spaces meant for discussion.

PROBLEMS

Due to the high natural illumination reading, the space will have thermal and glare issues which might cause discomfort to its users

Solution

A solution to this issue of excessive natural lighting would be to using different materials to soften the direct sunlight as well as diffusing the light. Another would be to use double glazed windows to reduce the thermal absorption of the space as well as the natural lighting which could potentially cause glare.

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Type of Illuminance

Material of Fixture Recessed Aluminium LED LuminaireProduct Brand & Code PowerBalance RC460BWattage Range (W) 25Colour Temperature (K) 4000kColour Designation WhiteLumens 3400

Room Dimension, L x W (m) 5 x 3

Room Area, A (m2) 15

Height of Ceiling, H (m) 2.8Lumen ( lux) 3400Luminaire Height (m) 2.8Work Level Height(m) 0.8Mounting Height (Hm) 2Reflection Factors Ceiling – 0.7

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Wall-0.5Floor-0.2

Room Index/ RI (K) =(5 x 3)/(5 + 3)x2=0.94

Utilisation Factor ( UF) 0.37Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8Number of Lamps Required=(E x A)/(F X UF x MF)

=(300 x 15)/(3400 x 0.37 x 0.8)=4500/1006.4=4.47=5 lamps

Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR)=(1/Hm) x √(A/N)

=(1/2) x √(15/5)=0.87S= 2 x 0.87 = 1.74m

Fittings Layout Fittings Required Along 5m Wall= 5/1.74 = 2.87= 3 rowsNumber of Lamps in Each Row= 5/3 = 1.7= 2 lampsSpacing Along 3m Wall= 3/1.7= 1.76=2m

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2.2.3 PSALI Based on the calculations done above, The Enclosed Meeting Room has a daylight factor distribution of 9.6% which is very high and very much above the average daylight factor %. Due to this, the space needs to pay more attention to the materials used for the space such as the glass and walls to absorb the light and prevent thermal problems. Artificial lighting wise, calculation results determined that 6 lamps is needed for the space when there is little to no daylight. Hence, PSALI is applied whereby the lightings are to be controlled with two switches. The first is to control the corner light while the other switch controls the two lights in the middle .Therefore, while daylight is still obtained from the outside during the day and afternoon, the center lights can be kept on while the rest can be kept switched off.

During the Evening and Night During the Day and Afternoon

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Building science 2 report

Data & Analytics