Brics presentation

The Growth Map

Invest and ProsperChapter 9Jim O’ Neill book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling

prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed onebook, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed one

book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed one

book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

Kolkata , October 9 2012. Edition XXVI

DO YOU KNOW WHAT AREBRICs

In economics, BRIC is an acronym that refers to the countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China

• The acronym was coined by Jim O'Neill, global economist at Goldman Sachs, in a 2001 paper entitled "Building Better Global Economics”

• Goldman Sachs argues that the economic potential of BRICs is such that they could become among the four most dominant economies by the year 2050

• 25% of the world's land coverage

• 40% of the world's population and • Combined GDP of $18.486 trillion• Embrace global capitalism• China and India- suppliers of

manufactured goods and services• Brazil and Russia -suppliers of raw

materials.

GROWTH MARKET CONCEPT AT GOLDMAN SACHS. WHY ARE WE NO MORE EMERGING MARKETS?

The Growth Map

Growth Market ConceptJim O’ Neill’s Neill book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling

prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed onebook, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed one

book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed one

book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

of the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the set of fast-growing countries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria of the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the set of fast-growing countries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeriaof the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the set of fast-growing countries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria

Kolkata , October 9 2012. Edition XXVI

at Goldman Sachs

Growth market concept of Goldman Sachs

• Growth market economies will be the driver of the world economy in the coming decade.

• Goldman Sachs Asset Management (GSAM) has adopted the term “Growth Markets,” believing the traditional labels of “Developed” and “Emerging” countries no longer reflect the fundamental nature of the global economy today.

• GSAM describes Growth Markets as any country outside the developed world that is responsible for at least 1% of global GDP.

WHY THE BRICS ARE NOT CONSIDERED EMERGING MARKETS ANYMORE• In 2001 and 2002, real GDP growth in large

emerging market economies will exceed that of the G7.

• At end-2000, GDP in US$ on a PPP basis in BRICs was about 23.3% of world GDP. On a current GDP basis, BRIC share of world GDP is 8%.

• Using current GDP, China’s GDP is bigger than that of Italy.

• Over the next 10 years, the weight of the BRICs and especially China in world GDP will grow.

• World policymaking forums should be re-organised and in particular, the G7 should be adjusted to incorporate BRIC representatives.

• The results are startling. If things go right, in less than 40 years, the BRICs economies together could be larger than the G6 in US dollar terms. By 2025they could account for over half the size of the G6. Of the current G6, only the US and Japan may be among the six largest economies in US dollar terms in 2050.

• By 2050. The largest economies in the world (by GDP) may no longer be the richest (by income per capita).

• BRICs to increase their contribution to global domestic demand through higher consumption.

• Real retail sales in the BRICs much better than in the advanced economies over the past two years. By 2010, the BRICs will contribute almost half of global consumption growth.

• Two billion people could join the global middle class by 2030, mainly from BRICs. China and India also set to dominate infrastructure demand over the next decade. Excellent opportunities for the best positioned companies from DM & EM markets. Two new ‘BRICs Nifty 50’ baskets to help access this opportunity.

• Recently, BRICs have continued their climb up the global rankings of economies by size, as measured by US $ GDP.

• China moved past Japan to become the world’s 2nd largest economy. Brazil passed Spain and Italy to become the 7th largest economy, and is now fast approaching the UK. India and Russia both jumped over Spain to move into 9th and 11th positions, respectively.

• China and India have experienced the fastest infrastructure growth rates. Russia hasmore advanced infrastructure in place than the others due to heavy investment during the Soviet era.

Investing in BRICs

The Growth Map

INDIAJim O’ Neill’s Neill book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling

prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed onebook, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed one

book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed one

book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

of the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the set of fast-growing countries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria of the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the set of fast-growing countries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeriaof the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the set of fast-growing countries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria

Kolkata , October 9 2012. Edition XXVI

• INDIA is the greatest mystery among the BRICs!!!• We’re populous, resource-rich and

entrepreneurial.• Its demographics are astonishing and its economy is

mostly driven by domestic demand thus cushioning it from global turmoil.

• From being a provider of natural resources and labor, INDIA now also has an affluent middle class consumer market.

• India’s private entrepreneurship has been instrumental in achieving 8–9% annual growth of the economy in recent years.

• Private initiative led to IT sector growth.

• The Right to Information Act is increasing the transparency and accountability of government operations

• The MGNREGA Scheme is a major step towards making growth inclusive.

• India’s positive potential and image overseas, makes Equity market valuations very high

The Indian Billionaires are the face of the economy outside which attracts a lot of investments due to its self-sufficiency

image.

BUT THEN THE QUESTION ARISES WHAT IS STOPPING INDIA FROM GROWING FULLY

• The scale of poverty is very high and India’s federal structure does not allow for pan-India policy making.

• INDIA’s literacy rates are by far the lowest.• Many foreign investors feel INDIA is difficult to

break into. • The slow Indian bureaucracy shuns away even

the potential investors like WALMART or TESCO. • Indian household credit is only 8% of GDP;

SO WHAT IS NEEDED???

• Making the growth process more inclusive and balanced

• Improving physical infrastructure• Developing the agriculture sector• Enhancing delivery of essential public services,

such as education and health, to large parts of the population

• Reduce corruption!

• Financial sector reforms are also needed to improve the intermediation of India’s large private savings.

• The government also needs to raise social spending in the areas of education, healthcare and pensions

• There is also a need to improve the investment structure

THE INDIAN CAPITAL MARKET SCENARIO

• The capital market in INDIA has also played its own role in the development. The bond market in INDIA is typically classified into three categories---

• GOVERNMENT BOND MARKET----- 85%• FINANCIAL BONDS--------------------- 10%• CORPORATE MARKET----------------- 5%• But the most underdeveloped part remains the

corporate debt.

• The non-uniform stamp duty prices and long gestation have retarded the growth in this sector.

• The lack of transparency around its capital markets, and private lending in India makes it impossible for public debt markets to develop when the need for it is immense.

By 2016 the INDIAN debt market, public

or private could reach $1.5 trillion.

But for this to happen at a faster pace it needs to

• Lower the high disclosure requirements• Improve the legal framework for contract

enforcement • Lift restrictions on foreign investors

holding Indian corporate debt • Develop better settlement and clearing

systems• Most important of all INDIA needs to

decouple its debt market from its broader economic goals

It is perhaps as simple and as

difficult as this –INDIA must wrestle in so many areas to

change and advance, because it

is such a complex nation to lead and govern and all its

issues come to only one point- lack in

LEADERSHIP.

The Growth Map

BRAZILJim O’ Neill’s Neill book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling

prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed onebook, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed one

book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed one

book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

of the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the set of fast-growing countries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria of the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the set of fast-growing countries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeriaof the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the set of fast-growing countries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria

Kolkata , October 9 2012. Edition XXVI

PROS:• Brazil today is the most popular of the

BRICs so far as foreign direct investment is concerned

• Brazil has always been popular as “the country of the future”

• Vast territory• Abundant natural resources

• Fifth largest population in the world • Young and growing population• Brazil has the potential to overtake

Germany & Japan• Brazil is now home to giant companies

such as Petrobras,which launched the worlds largest share offering

CONS:• Currency rising therefore slowing down

the manufacturing part of the economy• High interest rates• Centralized political leadership• Extreme slumps• Extreme violence• Corruption and inefficiency

The Growth Map

RUSSIAJim O’ Neill’s Neill book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim

O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed onebook, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed one

book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

of the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the set of fast-growing countries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria of the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the set of fast-growing coun

tries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeriaof the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the

set of fast-growing countries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria

Kolkata , October 9 2012. Edition XXVI

Russia

PROS:• Russia is the world's largest

country in terms of territory• A consumer market of over 140 million

people

• Middle class:-68% in Russia (100 million people)- 31% in Brazil (75 million people)- 13% in China (160 million people) - <3% in India (30 million people).

• GDP/Capita:- Russia: $17,000- Brazil:$11,600- China: $16,100- India: $3,700

• Vast natural • Large energy and mineral resources • A highly educated workforce • Technologically advanced research

and production capabilities

• Russia is today one of the most financially stable countries in the entire world, with among the lowest levels of sovereign debt and an inflation rate of below 4%.

• By enabling its treasury bonds – known as OFZs – to be settled through international clearinghouses, it is sweeping away regulatory barriers that have kept foreign investors away. This could trigger a $30-50 billion foreign investment into the ruble bond market

•

Russia

• Cons• Unfavorable demographics - population decline

due to emigration, HIV, rising death rates and falling birth rates.

• Excessive dependence on energy and raw materials

• Poor record in governance and legal structures• Corruption and weak corporate transparency is

another major ongoing risk for investors

• Politics represents the biggest investment risk: Yukos was forced into bankruptcy!

• . In 2003, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, CEO of Yukos, one of Russia's biggest and most successful oil companies was convicted, on trumped-up charges, to an eight-year jail sentence. Yukos was forced into bankruptcy, and its assets sold off for a fraction of its market value.

• Poor infrastructure though large sporting events like the Winter Olympics in Sochi 2014, and the FIFA World Cup in 2018 could change all that.

The Growth Map

CHINAJim O’ Neill’s Neill book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim

O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed onebook, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed one

book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

of the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the set of fast-growing countries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria of the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the set of fast-growing coun

tries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeriaof the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the

set of fast-growing countries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria

Kolkata , October 9 2012. Edition XXVI

• China is the biggest of all the

BRIC nations. In fact, there would be no BRIC story without China.

• GDP grew from $500 billion USD in 1995 to a massive 7.52 trillion U.S dollars in 2011, averaging a fantastic 10% growth rate every year.

• It is the 2nd largest economy in the world after USA and the only BRIC nation whose economy is 5 % of global GDP.

• Projected to be world’s largest economy by 2027.

• Holds more than $ 3 trillion in foreign exchange reserves, close to 50% of their own GDP, vastly larger than any country in the world.

• Rising personal consumption, no longer an export and a low-cost labour phenomenon.

Equity Market • Shanghai stock exchange is the 5th

largest in the world by market capitalization at U.S.$2.3 trillion as on December 2011

• It is not entirely open to foreign investors due to tight capital controls exercised by the government.

• It is also not very transparent leading to most Chinese investing in real estate or the shadowy world of underground lending.

• Increase in the amount of shares foreign investors can buy in an otherwise closed market.

• Listed Companies urged to pay more cash dividends to shareholders.

• Focused on improving fair play in the market and protecting legal rights of the consumers.

Recent reforms in June this year by the China securities and regulatory Commission (CSRC) has sought to bolster investor confidence:

It is said that the richer a country becomes, the more it borrows. The Chinese bond market, even though now underdeveloped, is at the threshold of huge expansion.

Debt Market or Fixed income market

• Debt markets are still dominated by Government debt

• Consumers save rather than borrow

• Companies depend on bank lending, retained earnings or informal private transactions to fund expansion.

• Chinas $666billion corporate bond market is just 9% of its GDP, whereas in developed G7 countries it is usually more than 50% of its GDP.

Characteristics of the debt market in China:

• It would allow the financing and sustaining of China’s boom.

• It would divert risk from state owned banking system that provides 75% of the nation’s credit.

• It would provide capital to the fast growing small and medium enterprises that comprises 60% of GDP and generates 50% of tax revenues.

• It would provide alternate avenues of investment to China’s savers.

It is important to develop the bond market because:

Private EquityWith Chinas stock exchanges in Shenzhen and Shanghai still in an early stage of development, private equity and venture capital are natural avenues of investment. The private Equity business is already huge and is also growing rapidly. However, the problem is that there is too much money chasing too few deals. The Blackstone group is a notable investment and advisory firm that has active programs in China.

Real estate• Real estate was the most safe avenue

for investment. • Real estate prices rose very high and

there were chances of it being a bubble.

• The government enacted certain reforms from 2010 to prevent the bubble from occurring and prices slowly started falling in 2011.

• The key drivers for real estate are GDP growth, strong urbanization trend and strong household income growth.

The Growth Map

PROSPECTSJim O’ Neill’s Neill book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim

O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed onebook, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed one

book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

of the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the set of fast-growing countries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria of the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the set of fast-growing coun

tries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeriaof the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the

set of fast-growing countries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria

Kolkata , October 9 2012. Edition XXVI

• The existing prospects of the BRIC countries are good for us all.

• Apple is opening ore outlets in China. We believe that one of the Shanghai Stores attracts even more visitors than their famous glass cube on the 5th Avenue in New York. The next decade will power the BRIC economies to be bigger than the US.

Prospects

• Wal-Mart is trying significantly to expand in the BRIC Market, as is true for the UK’s Tesco. China is setting up a campus of Nottingham University. The expansion of educational products and services could and should become a huge opportunity for the west in both China and India.

• Germany sees direct benefits from the BRIC consumer appetite for its cars. BMW, Mercedes, Audi, VW all are experiencing dynamic growth in their sales to the BRICS!

• China alone has many billionaires compared to many countries put together.

The Growth Map

CONCLUSIONJim O’ Neill’s Neill book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim

O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed onebook, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

In this landmark book Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, shares his insights on how and why he developed one

book, The Growth Map has been an eyeopener. Ten years ago, Jim O'Neill made a startling prediction: the G-7 countries including the US, the UK and Japan would no longer be the world's economic powerhouses. With globalization, a new era would emerge in which the emerging forces of Brazil, Russia, India and China - populous, increasingly urbanized and overflowing with raw materials and ambition - would overtake the largest Western economies.

The BRICs were born. No other economic idea has defined the 21st Century more powerfully or more accurately. In the past decade all four BRIC nations have experienced significant growth and are now among the top ten economies in the world. Jim O'Neill's single prediction has spurred economic and social change, created new political structures and challenged the thinking of business leaders, governments, and decision makers.

But what does the future hold? Can the BRICs sustain their exceptional levels of growth? Which other nations will drive economic power further south and east?

of the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the set of fast-growing countries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria of the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the set of fast-growing coun

tries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeriaof the most compelling economic concepts of our time. He sets out the 'Next 11' concept for the

set of fast-growing countries that could have a BRIC-like impact on the world (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria

Kolkata , October 9 2012. Edition XXVI

• BRIC exposure• Nifty fifty• BRIC equity markets more difficult in comparison

to advanced markets• Growth of BRICs• Commodity companies are great BRIC

investments• Improved regulatory and legal frameworks• Rapid increase in the number of billionaires in

BRICs

• BRIC and N-11 economies have cyclical variation• Capitalization of public companies• Growth and asset returns in ERP• Hardest questions for equity investors- invest in

BRICs directly, or companies investing in BRICs??• Performance relative to a benchmark of the

market• Careful judgment to ensure future earnings• Challenges?• UIDAI

Great change in our current world!