Breakthroughs in clean coal technologies...USA - Coal - Chilled Ammonia Vattenfall Schwarze Pumpe Germany - Lignite & Bit. Coal - Oxy Dow Chemical Co. Charleston USA - Coal - Advanced

International Coal and Climate Summit

Giles Dickson, VP Environmental Policies & Global Advocacy Warsaw 18 November 2013

Breakthroughs in clean coal technologies

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Alstom and Clean Power

Gas Coal

Hydro, Ocean, Tidal Nuclear (turbine island) Wind onshore and offshore

Oil

Solar Geothermal Biomass

…FOR NEW PLANTS OR INSTALLED BASE

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Alstom CO2 capture technologies

CO2 capture technologies pursued by Alstom

Post-combustion Oxy-combustion (New + retrofit) (New + retrofit)

• Advanced Amines Process • Chilled Ammonia Process

• Oxy-combustion with ASU

• Regenerative Calcium Cycle (RCC) • Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) 2nd Generation 2nd Generation

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Completed TESTS COMPLETE

AEP Mountaineer USA – 58 MWth Chilled Ammonia, Coal

EoN Karlshamn Sweden - 5 MWth Chilled Ammonia, Fuel

WE - Energie USA WI - 5 MWth Chilled Ammonia, Coal

DOW Chemical Co. USA, WV Adv. Amines - Coal

Alstom portfolio of pilot/demo projects

OPERATING Vattenfall Schwarze Pumpe, Germany 30 MWth, Oxy - Lignite

Total Lacq France - 30 MWth Oxy - Gas

Alstom BSF Windsor US - 15 MWth Oxy - Coals

2nd Gen

DOE/Alstom Windsor US - 3 MWth Chemical Looping, Coal

Alstom Labs Växjö Sweden – 0.25 MWth Post C.-multi purpose

RFCS EU - Darmstadt Germany - 1 MWth Chemical Looping - Coal

2nd Gen

TCM Mongstad Norway 40 MWth, Chilled Ammonia, CHP & Refinery Offgas (RCC)

Alstom GPU Pilot (Mobile) 0.3 MWth

OPERATING

OPERATING

EDF Le Havre France - 5 MWth Adv. Adv. Amines - Coal

LARGE-SCALE PROJECTS (under development)

White Rose CCS Project UK - 426 MWe Oxy Hardcoal

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

What we’ve achieved

Pilot operation confirm CO2 capture works and performances are improving

We Energies Pleasant Prairie USA - Coal - Chilled Ammonia

Vattenfall Schwarze

Pumpe

Germany - Lignite &

Bit. Coal - Oxy

Dow Chemical Co. Charleston USA - Coal - Advanced Amines

CO2 capture rate CO2 purity

Reached

>99.7%

>99.9%

>99.5% 90%

90%

90%

Load [%] on net efficiency

Pilot phase Demo phase Commercial phase

Realistic limit

AEP Mountaineer USA - Coal - Chilled Ammonia

>99% 90%

15

20

25

10

First commercial units will be at or below 20%

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Post-combustion: Advanced Amines

Advantages

• Proven in natural gas & syngas purification • CO2 capture from flue gas is a new application • More efficient capture of CO2 and less solvent degradation than

MEA • Higher tolerance against oxygen & trace contaminants

Source: Alstom

Principle

• Amine based solvent reacts with CO2 in flue gas • Higher temperature reverses reaction: CO2 released and solvent

recycled

A competitive post-combustion technology

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Advanced Amine Pilot: EDF Le Havre (France)

• Designed to capture 25 tonnes CO2/day, 90% CO2 capture • Advanced flow scheme • Flue gas: slipstream from 600 MWe coal plant (EdF facility) • French government funding (ADEME) • Project schedule:

• 2010-2014 program • In operation • 1 year test period (end in 2014)

EdF Le Havre coal power plant (field pilot represented in orange)

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Advantages • Energy-efficient capture of CO2

• High CO2 purity (99.5+ vol%)

• Low CO2 compression power (High P Regen)

• Tolerant to flue gas oxygen and other impurities

• Stable solvent, no degradation

• No emission of volatile degradation products

• Low-cost, globally available reagent

• Valuable byproduct: ammonium sulfate

Principle

Post-combustion: Chilled Ammonia

A leading post-combustion technology

• Ammonia/Ammonium carbonate solution reacts with CO2 of cooled flue gas to form ammonium bicarbonate

• Higher temperature reverses reaction, pressurized CO2 released, the solution recycled

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Chilled Ammonia Pilot: Mongstad (Norway) • Unique Validation Features / Expectations

• Main validation facility for CO2 Capture Mongstad • CO2 Sources:

• Flue gases from natural gas CHP plant • Off-gases from the RCC

• Validation plant, designed to capture: • 80 ktons CO2/year (RCC) & 22 ktons CO2/year (CHP)

• First CAP pilot on industrial source • Incorporation of know how from previous pilots • Compact and efficient layout (1300 m2) • Ammonia first fill 29 October 2012 • Testing in progress - program extended until November 2014

Mongstad validates chilled ammonia on gas & industrial

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Oxy-combustion

Advantages

• Reliable Technology

• Drastically reduced emission of SOx, NOx, particulates, mercury

• No CO2 capture chemicals required

• Offers options for operational flexibility

• Adaptable to all boiler types and fuels

• Can be a Retrofit solution

Principle

• Fuel is burned in a mixture of oxygen and re-circulated flue-gas. Due to the absence of Nitrogen, the resulting flue gas already is a CO2 -rich gas,

• After water condensing and further purification, CO2 is compressed and sent to storage

A sustainable and competitive solution for power

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Project Promoters

White Rose Demonstration Project: 426MW

Capture Power Limited

• Capture Power Limited will enter into

Agreements with UK Government

• Equal Shareholding between Partners

Alstom Drax National Grid

Oxy-combustion Power Plant & CO2 Capture CO2 T & S

BOC Linde

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

CCS on Gas

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Key component OEM

Alstom study of Costs of Electricity from CCS

Costs of Alstom technology

CCS experience

13 pilots, several demo projects in development

Plant Integration experience

Global supply of turnkey power plants

• Independent Validation of

methodology and hypothesis;

• Update of asumptions every

year

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

CCS costs study: assumptions

• Bituminous coal and gas

• Base case : base load operation: coal 7446 h/y; gas 6570 h/y

• Construction duration: coal 4.5 years; gas 2.5 years

• CO2 Capture rate: 90%

• Learning curves applied until 2030

• Full CCS Chain CAPEX and OPEX included: Base case 200 km transport to on-shore saline aquifer

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Costs of CCS on Coal

All technologies in the same cost range : differences will be site-specific

Source : Alstom cost of electricity study 2013

Coal price = 70,9 EUR/t

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

40

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

9 0

1 0 0

42€

CCSREF

2015 2030

Transport

&Storage

Fuel Cost

CCS/Coal REF

Capex & Opex

43€

65€

55€

CCSREF

Euro / MWh net

REF

2015 2030

GAS - EUROPE

84€

49€ 50€

73€

CCSREF CCS

HARDCOAL - EUROPE

Source: Alstom – PCC

CCS/Gas REF

Capex & Opex

+71%

+46%

+49%+33%

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

40

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

9 0

1 0 0

42€

CCSREF

2015 2030

Transport

&Storage

Fuel Cost

CCS/Coal REF

Capex & Opex

43€

65€

55€

CCSREF

Euro / MWh net

REF

2015 2030

GAS - EUROPE

84€

49€ 50€

73€

CCSREF CCS

HARDCOAL - EUROPE

Source: Alstom – PCC

CCS/Gas REF

Capex & Opex

+71%

+46%

+49%+33%

Cost increase <50% by 2030 for both Coal and Gas

Cost of CO2 avoided: 37 €/t for coal and 49 €/t for gas in 2030

CCS affordable on both gas and coal

CCS Cost of

Electricity Impact

is lower on gas

than on coal.

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

CCS competitive with low carbon alternatives

Competitiveness of CCS power plants – Power-gen Europe - June 2013- P 17 Source : Alstom analysis 2013

Investment decision for low carbon New PP over next 5 years Cost of Electricity by type - Expected range

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

2nd generation technologies: Chemical Looping

A promising breakthrough technology

Advantages • Potential for low CoE and low energy penalty by limiting the

cryogenic ASU of 1st generation oxy process; • Development from Alstom’s CFB experience.

Principle – OPERATION IN OXY-COMBUSTION • Combustion occurs in an atmosphere free of nitrogen. In the Air Reactor, a solid carrier absorbs oxygen from the air and is conveyed to the

Fuel Reactor where the oxygen is released and combustion with the fuel occurs. Solid carrier is then taken back to the Air Reactor, closing the loop.

• Oxygen carriers can be metal oxide or limestone-based. Alstom works on both types.

Status • 2 pilots in operation :

1 MWt (ÉCLAIR in Darmstadt University-Germany-RFCS funding)

3 MWt (Alstom Lab – Windsor CT – sponsored by US DoE)

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

2nd generation technologies: Regenerative Calcium Cycle

A new post-combustion system with potential for Power and Industry

Advantages • Promising energy penalty and CoE; • RCC produces Power : no loss of net electrical output (value for retrofit and industry) • Widely used feedstock, potential synergies with industries like cement).

Principle – A POST-COMBUSTION SYSTEM • In the Carbonator, CO2 from the flue gas reacts with lime (CaO) forming limestone. In the Calciner, limestone is converted into lime and

CO2, pure CO2 can then be easily captured;

Status • 1 pilots in operation : 1 MWt (LISA in Darmstadt University-Germany-RFCS funding)

CARBONATOR

CaO + CO2 CaCO3

CALCINER

CaCO3 CaO + CO2

CO2-lean flue gas Pure CO2 +

H2O Make-up CaCO3

(limestone)

Coal

Pure O2

CaO

deactivated lime

CaCO3

CaO

Flue gas from power

plant or industry

• Lime is taken back to the carbonator,

closing the loop.

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Conclusions

• Technology proved at pilot plant: 90% capture @ 99% purity

• Next stage: full-scale demo plant

• Energy penalty falling

• CCS cost-competitive with other low-carbon technologies

• 2nd generation technologies promising

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