Brain Gate ppt

SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERINGDEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY

Roll No 307104

Exam No T80238512

Name NEHA.P.BHAVSAR

Seminar Presentation

On

BRAIN GATE

by

Guide

Prof.G.R.Pathak

08/04/2023

CONTENTS

BRAIN GATE1

MOTIVATION

INTRODUCTION

LITERATURE SURVEY

OBJECTIVE

HISTORY OF BRAINGATE

BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE

PRINCIPLE OF BRAIN GATE

WORKING

APPLICATIONS

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

CONCLUSION

MOTIVATION

I chose this topic so as to understand the concept of

brain computer interface .

New technology which shows the communication

between the computer and the human brain on the

basis of thoughts.

Turning thoughts into action.

BRAIN GATE 2

INTRODUCTION

Brain Gate is a brain implant system developed by

the bio-tech company Cyber kinetics in 2003 in

conjunction with the Department of Neuroscience at

Brown University.

It is often called as brain–computer interface (BCI)

or mind-machine interface (MMI), or sometimes called

a direct neural interface .

3BRAIN GATE

LITERATURE SURVEY

In reviewing the literature it is noted that, “Some chose to

develop devices that could be steered by brain waves detected

outside the head.

Past research has included the implantation of electrodes into

monkeys for activities such as controlling robotic arms.

The electrodes intercept signals from individual neurons in the

brain and a specially developed computer algorithm translated

these signals into trajectories and velocities for the computer

cursor.

BRAIN GATE 4

BRAIN GATE 5

Neuroscience milestone—A 58-year-old Massachusetts woman

who suffered a paralyzing brainstem stroke 15 years ago while

working in her garden was able to serve herself coffee using the

BrainGate system and a robotic arm. 

OBJECTIVE

The device was designed to help those who have lost

control of their limbs, or other bodily functions, such

as patients with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)

or spinal cord injury.

Brain Gate's mission is to further the advancement

of this life-changing technology to help impaired

individuals better communicate and interact.

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HISTORY OF BRAINGATE

One of the key early innovations for BrainGate came

from Dr. Donald Humphrey of Emory University. 

Shortly thereafter, a Brown University spin-off called

Cyber kinetics was formed to turn a collection of

laboratory tests into set of clinical trials for the first-

generation neural interface system the result was the

BrainGate Neural Interface System.

7BRAIN GATE

BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE

A brain computer interface (BCI), often called a mind-

machine interface (MMI) is a direct communication

pathway between the brain and an external device.

The history of BCI starts with Hans Berger’s discovery

of the electrical activity of the development of

electroencephalography(EEG)

Berger's first recording device was very rudimentary.

8BRAIN GATE

COMPONENTS OF BCI

All BCIs have at least four components:

1) Signal Acquisition

2) Feature Extraction

3) Translation Algorithm

4) Operating Environment

9BRAIN GATE

10BRAIN GATE

CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNICATIVE PATHWAY OF BCI

One Way BCI: Computers either accept commands from

the brain or send signals to it but not both.

Two Way BCI: Brains and external devices can exchange

information in both directions but have yet to be

successfully implanted in animals or humans

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TYPES OF BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE

Invasive BCI

Partially Invasive BCI

Non Invasive BCI

12BRAIN GATE

COMPONENTS OF BRAIN GATE

The chip

The connector

The converter

The computer

13BRAIN GATE

14BRAIN GATE

PRINCIPLE OF BRAIN GATE

The principle of operation of the Brain Gate Neural

Interface System is that with intact brain function,

neural signals are generated even though they are not

sent to the arms, hands and legs.

These signals are interpreted by the System and a

cursor is shown to the user on a computer screen that

provides an alternate "Brain Gate pathway".

The user can use that cursor to control the computer,

just as a mouse is used.

15BRAIN GATE

WORKING

The sensor of the size of a contact lens is implanted in

brain which control hand and arm movements.

A tiny wire connects the chip to a small pedestal secured

in the scull. A cable connects the pedestal to a computer.

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BRAIN GATE 17

SIGNAL BY THE

NEURON CHIP

CONVERSION TO OPTICAL

DATA

DETECTION AND TRANSLATION

BY THE COMPUTER

SENDS THE TRANSLATED DATA TO THE

EXTERNAL DEVICE

BIOLOGICAL FEEDBACK

WORKING FLOW

WORKING

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SOFTWARE BEHIND BRAIN GATE

Software is necessary for transmission of the signals from

the chip implanted on the brain to the machine and for

decoding these signals and to convert it to corresponding

action by the machine.

Algorithms are written in languages like C, Java and

MATLAB.

The software has three operating modes and they are

Simulation, Recording and Training.

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BRAIN GATE RESEARCH IN ANIMALS

At first, rats were implanted with BCI.

Signals recorded from the cerebral cortex of rat to

operate BCI to carry out the movement.

Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh had

demonstrated on a monkey that can feed itself with a robotic

arm simply by using signals from its brain.

20BRAIN GATE

APPLICATIONS

In classification of EEG signal.

In multimedia communication.

In evaluation of spike detection algorithms.

Actuated control of mobile robot by human EEG.

As a brain controlled switch for asynchronous control.

In evaluating the machine learning algorithms.

21BRAIN GATE

ADVANTAGES

Connecting directly to the part of the brain that controls

hand movement and gestures.

Controlling remote devices .

Making and receiving telephone calls.

Turn on or off the lights .

Control robotic arm.

Watch and control television

Locking or unlocking doors.

22BRAIN GATE

DISADVANTAGES

Expensive

Risky Surgery

Not Wireless yet

Difficulty in adaptation and learning.

Limitation in information transform rate. The latest

technology is 20 bits/min.

23BRAIN GATE

CONCLUSION

The invention of Brain gate is such a revolution in medical

field that people who are paralyzed will one day be able to

independently operate artificial limbs, computers or

wheelchairs.

The idea of moving robots or prosthetic devices not by

manual control, but by mere “thinking” has been a

fascinated approach.

24BRAIN GATE

THANK YOU