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Botany and Mycology at Senckenberg since 1817
Herbarium SenckenbergianumFrankfurt/Main, Görlitz, Weimar, Wilhelmshaven
Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung 2017
Front cover:Arnica frigida, Polemonium boreale, Ranunculus pedatifidus subsp. affinis and Arctagrostis latifolia on top of a pingo in the subarctic Kolyma lowland tundra, Siberia. Dry places, such as pingos, often represent diversity hotspots in a surrounding monotonous wetland tundra.
Back side: Dinoflagellate Ornithocercus quadratus, a tropical marine species from the Pacific.
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Herbaria hold archived collections of our planet‘s plant and fungal diversity, making them indis-pensable centres of botanical research for basic and applied studies.
The Herbarium Senckenbergianum holds the mycological and botanical collection of the Sen-ckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung (SGN) and counts as one of the largest herbaria in Ger-many. All of the major taxonomic groups are re-presented.
The SGN currently comprises seven institutes, which are located between seven of Germany‘s federal states. The Herbarium Senckenbergia-num collection is spread across four of the SGN institutes (Frankfurt, Görlitz, Weimar, Wilhelms-haven), which follow a concerted scientific pro-gramme and share common standards and aims in curation and development of their collections. Ongoing communication and regular meetings facilitate effective collaboration between the institutes, which allows research projects to be conducted at the national as well as internatio-nal levels. At the same time, maintaining distinct regional collections ensures local access, infor-mation exchange and support for biodiversity conservation.
Close networking and the combination of more recent approaches with Earth history studies have been crucial factors in our contribution to SGN´s mission: Geobiodiversity Research – under-standing and documenting nature.
The remit of the Herbarium Senckenbergianum includes researching collected plant and fungal material in relation to critical research questions;further developing the herbaria as irreplaceab-le scientific and cultural archives; continuously improving access to and digitization of the coll-ections and developing automated methods for collection analysis; undertaking research tasks ofimportance for society, such as biodiversity mo-nitoring or nature conservation; fostering citizen science projects; facilitating knowledge transfer with academics but also the broader public.
Preface
image, left page: Holotype of Brachiaria lata (Schumach.) C.E.Hubb. subsp. caboverdiana Conert & C. Köhler from the Cape Verde Islands (left). Specimen of Carex pseudobrizoides from Upper Lusatia in Germany (right).
image, right: Fruiting bodies of the lingzhi mushroom Ganoderma lucidum from a spruce-stump in Mecklenburg; this fungus is used as a medicinal mushroom in East Asia.
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larger image: Cup lichens from the herbarium of Ludwig Scriba, a manufacturer from Frankfurt. The collection comprises more than 10,000 specimens of Cladonia, including many type specimens.
The present-day Herbarium Senckenbergianum was formed in 2009 by the merger of the Sencken-bergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft Frankfurt with several natural history institutions across Ger-many.
The study of botany in Frankfurt became instituti-onalized with the foundation of the Dr. Sencken-bergische Stiftung (est. 1763), which was also responsible for the establishment and upkeep of the city‘s Botanical Garden. The Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft was then founded in 1817 and gathered a preserved plant collection, the Herbarium Senckenbergianum Frankfurt/Main (FR), which currently holds approximately 1.2 million specimens.
For a long time the Stiftsbotanicus supervised both, Botanical Garden and Herbarium. In the 1960s cu-rators have been appointed to the herbarium alone, and several Section Heads manage the collections today. The oldest item is the herbarium vivum of Jo-hann Daniel Waldschmidt, which dates back to 1677and is bound in the manner of a herbal illustrating the botanical knowledge of its former owner.
The Herbarium Senckenbergianum Görlitz (GLM) dates back to the foundation of the Natural His-tory Society Görlitz in 1811, which, in addition to ornithology, researched phytology (plant science). As early as 1827, it was recorded that the herba-rium held 1,500 native and 300 exotic plant spe-cies. Among the collectors were missionaries
from the Moravian brethren, who were interested in botany and brought collections of plants from their mission stations across the globe. The inter-national and local collections have grown since and currently account for some 350,000 specimens.
The Herbarium Senckenbergianum Weimar (IQW) was established in 2008 with a collection of extant plant species to be compared with fossil remains originating from the Quaternary Period. It compri-ses mainly plants from Beringia (Yakutia, Alaska) and Northern Europe. The herbarium currently hosts approximately 5,000 specimens (herbarium sheets and fruit as well as seed samples) origina-ting mainly from arctic-boreal tundra, steppe and forest regions.
The collection of dinoflagellates in Wilhelmshaven (Centre of Excellence for Dinophyte Taxonomy – CEDiT) serves as a repository for types of these sin-gle-celled organisms. As such, it is not classed asa herbarium in the traditional sense and is not list-ed in the Index Herbariorum. The division on ma-rine botany was founded in 2008, and maintains an online portal, which describes the taxonomy of these eukaryotes. In 2014, a comprehensive flora on benthic dinoflagellates was published.
In total, the Herbarium Senckenbergianum compri-ses more than 1.5 million objects (including those from the fungarium) and hence ranks fifth among the German herbaria after Berlin, Jena, Munich and Hamburg.
History
upper image:The teacher Emil Barber (1857-1917) published a Flora of Upper Lusatia and conducted intensive research into the genus Rubus.
smaller image, right page: The herbarium of the librarian Johann Daniel Waldschmidt from 1677 comprises some 600 specimens, which were bound as a hardcover book.
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The Herbarium Senckenbergianum hosts materi-al from all around the world covering all groups of plants and fungi. The local sub-herbaria have their own, albeit complementary, collections and research priorities. In Frankfurt, the geographical focus is inherently placed on Hesse and adjacent areas, but its wider collections originate from Central Europe, the Alps, the Mediterranean area, parts of the Neotropical realm and West Africa, where the Cape Verde Islands, Angola, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, and Benin are of specific interest.
In 1860, the herbarium in Görlitz comprised around 32,000 specimens and was then subdivided into two herbaria. The first, Herbarium Lusaticum, con-sists of regional collections from Upper and Lower Lusatia and adjacent areas and currently contains some 55,000 specimens, which have been almost completely taxonomically revised, digitally cata-logued and are accessible online.
The second, Herbarium Generale, in Görlitz com-bines plant specimens from around the world including the rest of Germany, eastern parts of Central Europe (particularly Silesia and other parts of Poland), as well as southern Europe, southern Africa, North and Central America, and Greenland. Ongoing research projects are bring-ing further specimens from regions such as the biodiversity hotspot in the Caucasus, as well as central and northern Asia.
In addition to plants from Thuringia, the Weimar collection has a particular focus on specimens from northeast Siberia, the Asian steppe belt and Alaska.
The collection in Wilhelmshaven comprises dino-flagellates from all around the world.
Focus Regions
background image: Detail from a habitat map, where numbers indicate differing habitat types. Since 1985, Senckenberg has coordinated a habitat survey of the urban areas on behalf of the City of Frankfurt.
lower image: Senckenberg botanists work in various regions of the Neotropics and the Paleotropics.
larger image: Light coniferous forest in Yakutia growing on top of frozen ground, which is hundreds of meters thick.
smaller image, left-lower: Surveys of habitat and species diversity in urban regions form an important reference for the conservation and development of green spaces in cities.
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larger image: Lichens form colourful mosaics on rocks as well as trees: Lecidea silacea from the European Alps.
smaller image, lower: Acervuli with setae of Colletotrichum anthrisci, a fungus growing on dead shoots of Anthriscus sylvestris.
The microalgae collections of diatoms, and those in the Centre of Excellence for Dinophyte Taxo-nomy – CEDiT (dinoflagellates), are particularly valuable with respect to their high number of type specimens. Macroalgae are represented by some exsiccata sets (e.g. those of Rudolf Fried-rich Hohenacker and of Gottlob Ludwig Raben-horst) and by collections originating from several oceans including e.g. Eduard Rüppell’s collection from the Red Sea.
The historical collections of bryophytes have a focus on liverworts, with some 500 type speci-mens being held in the Johann Georg Christian Lehmann herbarium, and several other valuable specimens in the herbarium of the Nobel Laurea-te chemist Carl Bosch.
Focal Taxa Fungi & Lichens
background figure: Image of the holotype of Amphidiniopsis aculeata Hoppen-rath, Koeman et Leander 2009 taken by a scanning electron microscope.
image, left: Living culture of Colletotrichum tofieldiae on oatmeal agar; the orange cover is formed by the conidia of this fungus.
image, right: Type specimen of Lepidozia chordulifera Taylor, collected by Charles Darwin during his voyage in the HMS Beagle to the Chonos archipelago near the Chilean coast.
While the fungal collection in Frankfurt does not have a particular emphasis on any special taxo-nomic groups, the Görlitz fungarium has a focus on phytoparasitic micro-fungi, and particularly on rust and smut fungi as well as powdery and downy mildews. The comprehensive collection of tree inhabiting polypores and corticioid fungi is also noteworthy and is based on the studies of Ingrid Dunger.
The lichen collections in Frankfurt and in Görlitz cover a wide taxonomic spectrum. The Görlitz collection focuses on the genera Cladonia, Rhizo-carpon, Umbilicaria and, more recently, on Usnea and aspicilioid lichens. In Frankfurt, the genera Cladonia, Lecidea and Lecanora are particularly well represented. Almost all of the data on the lichen collections are available online.
Algae & Bryophytes
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The first full-time Section Head Hans Joachim Conert (later Head of Department) in Frankfurt established an excellent collection of grasses (Poaceae), while collections of Bromeliaceae, Quiinaceae, Marcgraviaceae and Rosaceae have increased as a result of research projects over the last few decades.
In Görlitz, there is a long-lasting tradition of re-search on critical taxa of the Central European flora (Rosa, Rubus, Hieracium, Pilosella, Taraxa-cum). The extensive Rubus herbarium of Emil Barber, as well as the Rubi of the exsiccata set “Plantae criticae Saxoniae“ of Hermann Hofmann,underwent taxonomical revision by Heinrich E. Weber and Friedrich Sander.
This is the basis of a special collection containing 78 type specimens, which has been further aug-mented over the last few decades. An extensive and completely revised collection of the genera Hieracium and Pilosella has been developed in the course of taxonomic research by Siegfried Bräutigam, the former head of the Botany De-partment in Görlitz. Ingo Uhlemann, as one of the few specialists on Taraxacum, determined our material and also contributed some of his own specimens. At present, in particular the Rosa collection is increasing as a result of ongoing re-search on evolution and taxonomy of this group.
Focal Taxa Vascular plants
image, left: Our studies on Chilean Bromeliaceae (example: Puya coerulea var. coerulea) comprise a diverse range of topics ranging from taxonomy, biogeography, species distri-bution modelling and molecular systematics to the evolution of CAM photosynthesis and conservation assessment.
image, right: Eragrostis conertii was discovered and described by Wolfram Lobin in the course of studies on the flora of the Cape Verde Islands. Line drawing: Elfriede Michels.
larger image: Leaf venation patterns provide important data for research in systematics, functional ecology and paleoecology. Senckenberg improved an x-ray methodology to analyse venation patterns in herbarium specimens in a non-destructive fashion. Here: Tyleria silvana (Ochnaceae).
smaller image, left: Rosa inodora is an example of a European dogrose, which is a key group for research and collection in Görlitz.
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larger image:
Molecular approaches are key elements of the methodological
toolbox in taxonomy and systematics.
smaller image, lower:
Chromosomes of Rosa canina with fluorescent-labelled DNA
regions.
Ananas comosus Genbank
Aechmea chlorophylla BR-1-HEID-130239
Ques
nelia
arve
nsis
Genb
ank
Aechmea pineliana var. pineliana 74
Quesnelia edmundoi var. edmundoi X3
Neor
egeli
a ten
ebro
sa 33
42
Aechmea ramosa 8094
Neoreg
elia pa
scoa
liana 8
012
Canis
trum
auran
tiacu
m 5
028
Araeococcus parviflorus Genbank
Aechmea a
bbreviata E
C-1-HEID-130
260
Billbergia pyramidalis Genbank
Orthophytum ulei Genbank
Aech
mea
sucr
eana
6785
Aech
mea
hella
e aff.
5893
Hohenbergia leopoldo-horstii BR-1-HEID-108212
Neore
gelia
cruen
ta 75
32
Aechmea germinyana Genbank
Edmundoa lindenii Genbank
Que
sneli
a im
brica
ta 16
61
Aechmea allenii PA-1-HEID-130248
Ques
nelia
arve
nsis
BR-1-
HEID
-1046
03
Aechmea subintegerrima 3017
Aechmea lingulata var. lingulata BR-1-HEID-103024
Quesnelia tubifolia 8210
Nidularium innocentii 4457
Hohenbergia rosea 2075
Orthophytum diamantinensis 8369
Aechmea digitata 4019
Billbergia elegans Genbank
Neoreg
elia tar
apoto
ensis
2568
Hohenbergia lanata oder correia-araujoi 4352
Canistropsis e
lata 748
Aechmea bromeliifolia Genbank
Hohenbergia ramageana Benko-Iseppon 1517
Aech
mea
coele
stis
var.
coele
stis
BR-1
-HEI
D-10
2979
Canistropsis c
orreia-ara
ujoi 625
Fernseea itatiaiae 936
Quesnelia edmundoi Genbank
Aechmea altocaririensis 8217
Hohenbergiopsis guatemalensis 3901
Hohenbergia negrilensis Genbank
Canistrum camacaense 3018
Billbergia laxiflora 3089
Aech
mea eu
rycory
mbus 2
073
Aech
mea ce
phalo
ides 6
099
Canistropsis p
ulcherrima 10
02
Hohenbergia correia-araujoi Genbank
Ananas ananassoides 7174 or 7140
Nidulariu
m procer
um Genb
ank
Lymania azurea Genbank Aech
mea
boca
inens
is 10
74
Unkn
own 3
914 3
914
Aechmea ramosa Genbank
Porte
a gra
ndiflo
ra G
enba
nk
Aechmea arenaria Genbank
Aechmea a
ngustifolia P
E-1-HEID-130
249
Quesnelia edmundoi var edmundoi
Aechmea alopecurus 5312
Hohenbergia edmundoi 1866
Ananas fritzmuelleri G
enbank
Aech
mea
rubr
oaris
tata 1
662
Aech
mea
bahia
na 53
42 Cryptanthus beuckeri 6994
Aechmea hoppii 477
Billbergia meyeri G
enbank
Eduandrea sel
loana 5261
Aechmea roberto-seidelii 7747
Aechmea turbinocalyx 7053
Hohenbergia inermis JM-1-HEID-130414Aechmea contracta EC-1-HEID-130265
Canistrum auratum 5803
Canistropsis
microps 37
81
Orthophytum vagans 505
Ananas lucidus 288
Neoreg
elia ab
endro
thae N
AX
Nidulari
um marig
oi 937
Aech
mea
gam
osep
ala G
enba
nk
Aechmea lingulata 2860
Aech
mea
costa
ntini
i 659
6
Aechmea leucolepis 5319
Aechmea m
eeana 3
357Aech
mea roese
liae Genbank
Aechmea squarrosa aff. 4603
Aech
mea
disti
chan
tha 19
96Ne
oreg
elia b
ragaru
m 91
1
Aechmea s
ervitensis G
enbank
Aechmea 2994 2994
Lymania alvim
ii BR-1-HEID-103784
Canistropsis a
lbiflora CAX1
Ananas nanus Genbank
Aechmea filicaulis 2268
Aechmea contracta Genbank
Canistropsis
billbergioides form azu
rea 733
Hohenbergia conquistensis 4980
Ronnbergia silvana 5131
Billbergia kuhlmannii XX-1-HEID-102974
Aechmea fraseri 3007 or 3077
Lymania smithii Genbank
Billbergia zebrina 128
Quesnelia liboniana 2361
Aechmea
aculea
tosepa
la 3234
Aechmea miniata Genbank
Aechmea andersoniana 4365
Aech
mea
vanh
outte
ana X
2
Aechmea paradoxa 1197
Aechmea tentaculifera 6707
Aechmea kentii 2514
Aech
mea
werd
erman
nii 55
51
Aechmea atrovittata 5089
Hohenbergia leopoldo-horstii BR-1-HEID-130307
Aechmea drakeana EC-1-HEID-103875
Aechmea weilbachii var. albipetala 2679
Gre
igia
mul
ford
ii Gen
bank
Aechmea orlandiana subsp. belloi 699
Aechmea fosteriana 802
Aech
mea da
ctylina
Genba
nk
Hohenbergia aechmeoides 3003
Araeococcus chlorocarpus 6600
Orthophytum saxicola X5
Nidularium campo-alegrense 1667
Aechmea lamarchei Genbank
Hohenbergia inermis Genbank
Aechmea triangularis 6745
Acanthostachys strobilacea Genbank
Nidularium innocentii 985
Billbergia euphemiae var. nudiflora BR-1-HEID-103634
Edmundoa ambigua 107
3
Quesnelia edmundoi var. rubrobracteata 7A
Neoregelia longisepala 830
Hohenbergia humilis 8501
Aech
mea
chrys
ocom
a 681
5
Aechmea haltonii Genbank
Lapanthus duartei 8439
Aechmea correia-araujoi 804
Aech
mea
mar
auen
sis 81
5
Aechmea ramosa 1340
Porte
a fos
teria
na G
enba
nk
Lymania alvimii Genbank
Aech
mea
nudic
aulis
5521
Orthophytum glabrum 3281
Ursulaea tuitensis MX-1-HEID-130069
Aechmea lueddemanniana 1
Aechmea patentissima 4315
Orthophytum gurkenii Genbank
Araeoco
ccus g
oeldia
nus Genb
ank
Ronnbergia petersii PA-1-HEID-103813
Aech
mea
fasc
iata 9
20
Canistropsis burchellii 898
Aechmea patentissima 4815
Wittrockia paulistana 2686
Brom
elia a
gavif
olia
Gen
bank
Aechmea fosteriana 2678
Aech
mea
apoc
alypt
ica af
f. 192
2
Hohenbergia stellata 8504
Aechmea disjuncta 6044
Billbergia lymanii 2760
Aechmea tonduzii PA-1-HEID-130295
Aechmea viridostigma 5136
Orthophytum diamantinense Genbank
Aechmea weilbachii form
viridisepala 552
Neoreg
elia m
argare
thae 2
748
Aechmea bambusoides 672
Aechmea multiflora aff. 3417
Hohenbergia urbaniana Genbank
Aech
mea dis
cordi
ae 40
12
Aechmea correia-araujoi Genbank
Aech
mea
caes
ia 22
86
Quesnelia lateralis 2366
Aechmea alba 509
Acanthostachys strobilacea 6909
Aech
mea
flavo
rose
a 339
7
Canistropsis
microps 89
7
Aechmea tessmannii Genbank
Billbergia pallidiflora Genbank
Aechmea streptocalycoides Nr.
Nidularium innocentii var. innocentii BR-1-HEID-109837
Fasc
icular
ia bi
colo
r Gen
bank
Aech
mea
blan
chet
iana a
ff. 76
55
Aechmea araneosa 1139
Hohenbergia pennae 503
Aech
mea
gra
cilis
1757
Aechmea lilacinantha 997
Aechmea amorimii 4376
Aechmea mertensii Genbank
Edmundoa perplexa Genbank
Aechmea abbrevia
ta 2823
Neoregelia longisepala 3049Billbergia horrida 3054
Canistrum guzmanioides 4374
Nidularium campo-alegrense BR-1-HEID-103734
Ocha
gavia
andin
a Gen
bank
Orthophytum albopictum
Genbank
Aechmea entringeri 1054
Aech
mea
aiur
uoce
nsis
8151
Cryptanthus bahianus Genbank
Billbergia elegans PE-1-HEID-130424
Wittrockia tenuisepala 1452
Aech
mea
grac
ilis G
enba
nk
Aechmea microcephala typ
Billbergia seidelii 1702
Aech
mea to
mentos
a 649
2
Aechmea fulgens Genbank
Cryptanthus odoratissimus 5216
Canistrum seidelianum 4009
Aechmea nallyi Genbank
Aech
mea
leon
ard-
kent
iana 3
735
Hohenbergia brachycephala 7070
Wittrockia cyat
hiformis Genbank
Aech
mea
coele
stis
7557
Aechmea roeseliae 3264
Aechmea saxicola 1318
Quesnelia augusto-coburgii 3346
Cryptanthus regius 7497
Aechmea miniata BR-1-HEID-104304
Ursulaea tuitensis Genbank
Billbergia vittata BR-1-HEID-103607
Ques
nelia
ques
nelia
na G
enba
nk
Wittrockia flavipetala 5358
Aechmea chantinii 2160
Porte
a petr
opoli
tana G
enba
nk
Aech
mea
nudic
aulis
5528
Ananas parguazensis aff. 6651
Hohenbergiopsis guatemalensis Genbank
Aech
mea
org
anen
sis B
R-1-
HEID
-103
027
Billbergia euphemiae 945
Canistropsis b
illbergioides Genbank
Aechmea azurea 2114
Neoreg
elia re
trorsa
7792
Aechmea brueggeri 4765
Aechmea ramosa aff. 7569
Neoreg
elia in
sulan
a 767
1
Eduandr
ea sello
ana Genb
ank
Aech
mea
fasc
iata G
enba
nk
Aechmea zebrina Genbank
Neoreg
elia gig
as 67
68
Hohenbergia rosea Genbank
Porte
a fo
ster
iana
780
9
Hohenbergia lemei 3699
Aech
mea
orga
nens
is Ge
nban
k
Deina
cant
hon u
rban
ianum
Gen
bank
Aech
mea
cylin
drat
a 143
2
Neore
gelia
leuco
phoe
a 110
7
Cryptanthus teretifolius 3073
Aechmea subintegerrima 3013
Quesnelia kautskyi 7564
Neor
egeli
a rub
rovit
tata 1
865
Orthophytum disjunctum 6642
Aech
mea
com
ata 13
66
Brom
elia s
erra
Gen
bank
Hohenbergia sp. 4402
Canistrum camacaense Genbank
Aech
mea
caes
ia Ge
nban
k
Aechmea hoppii CO-1-HEID-103873
Aechmea suriae 316 or 216
Aechmea 7832 7832
Ursulaea macvaughii XX-1-HEID-105622
Ronnbergia carvalhoi 729
Aechmea warasii PE-1-HEID-130354
Aech
mea
7941
7941
Araeoc
occus
micranth
us Genb
ank
Neoreg
elia m
yrmeco
phila
2567
Aechmea ramosa var. festiva 1121
Neoreg
elia lev
iana a
ff. 2777
Neoglaziovia burle-marxii 7900
Ananas ananassoides 4559
Aech
mea
caten
dens
is 60
72
Orthophytum ulei 6054
Aechmea 3712 3712
Araeococcus montanus 4371
Aechmea roberto-seidelii 1203
Aech
mea lep
tantha
Gen
bank
Aechmea bromeliifolia var. albobracteata 8147
Acanthostachys pitcairnioides 483
Canis
trum
alag
oanu
m 50
00
Aechmea disjuncta 343
Lymania spiculata 4638
Acanthostachys strobilacea 7514
Orthophytum compactum Genbank
Aechmea pernambucentris 6610
Quesnelia lateralis G
enbank
Canistrum fosterianum 3289
Aech
mea
disti
chan
tha G
enba
nkAech
mea
cand
ida 7
337
Aech
mea fra
udulo
sa af
f. 809
8
Aech
mea
caste
lnavii
7324
Aechmea drakeana Genbank
Aech
mea
gra
cilis
BR-1
-HEI
D-10
3595
Aechmea carvalhoi 579
Porte
a ker
mes
ina 3
296
Aechmea p
olyanth
a Genb
ank
Aech
mea
recu
rvata
Gen
bank
Hohenbergia stellata Genbank
Cryptanthus glazioui 1856
Aech
mea
caud
ata v
ar. e
ippe
ri 16
36
Aechmea mertensii 6288
Aechmea weilbachii var. weilbachii form
a viridisepala 552
Aech
mea bl
anch
etian
a 853
7
Aechmea paniculata Genbank
Neoglaziovia variegata Genbank
Aechmea colombiana 2538
Brom
elia b
alans
ae G
enba
nk
Aech
mea
emm
erich
iae 53
85
Canistrum camacaense 3813
Hohenbergia ramageana Louzada 119
Ananas ananassoides 6858
Aech
mea
caud
ata v
ar. e
ippe
ri 14
39
Aechmea lueddemanniana Genbank
Aechmea tentaculifera 5155
Hohenbergia catingae aff. 498
Aech
mea
nudic
aulis
Gen
bank
Aech
mea
kerte
sziae
Gen
bank
Lymania brachycaulis 8496
Orthophytum maracasense Genbank
Aechmea tayoensis Genbank
Aechmea orlandiana Genbank
Lymania smithii 8505
Canistropsis
seidelii 1
626
Aech
mea
orna
ta va
r. hoe
hnea
na 47
25
Wittrockia spiralipetala 1071
Aechmea lamarchei 4905
Aechmea romeroi Genbank
Aechmea t
essmanii 32
23
Quesnelia edmundoi var. edmundoi XX-1-HEID-103155
Orthophytum saxicola Genbank
Quesnelia clavata 7009
Porte
a 7
562
Neorege
lia lac
tea BR-1-H
EID-10374
4
Hohenbergia spinulosa Genbank
Aech
mea
orna
ta 15
29
Canistrum auratum 6011
Aechmea hoppii Genbank
Aechmea l
atifolia G
enbank
Aechmea nidularioides EC-1-HEID-108119
Que
sneli
a hum
ilis 34
73
Aechmea involucrata Genbank
Aechmea wuelfinghoffii EC-1-HEID-105241
Canis
trum
alag
oanu
m 50
00
Porte
a 75
62 7
562
Brom
elia f
lemin
gii G
enba
nk
Aechmea echinata 2996
Canistro
psis m
arcelo
i 1370
Aech
mea b
ocain
ensis
Gen
bank
Cryptanthus bromelioides Genbank
Aechmea
aculea
tosepa
la Genb
ankAechmea e
gleriana 41
59
Aechmea abbrevia
ta Genbank
Nidulari
um pu
rpureu
m 784
Aechmea aciculosa Genbank
Neoreg
elia ele
uthero
petala
4491
Cryptanthus schwackeanus 4912
Aech
mea
7656
7656
Neor
egeli
a ten
ebro
sa 28
66
Aech
mea ca
llichro
ma aff.
3211
Quesnelia edmundoi var. rubrobracteata 7634
Aechmea b
rassicoi
des Genb
ank
Hohenbergia distans JM-1-HEID-102378
Aechmea lingulata Genbank
Cryptanthus ruthiae 8756
Ques
nelia
testu
do 12
17
Cryptanthus diamantinensis 3813
Aechmea disjuncta 6043
Aechmea
bracte
ata va
r. paci
fica Gen
bank
Neorege
lia laev
is Genb
ank
Aechmea moorei CO-1-HEID-130154
Aechmea sulbahianensis 6734
Aechmea biflora 4228
Aech
mea
4725
4725
Orthophytum vasconcelosianum
8682 8682Aechmea tayoensis 3240
Porte
a silv
eirae
3408
Porte
a fil
ifera
515
7
Billbergia iridifolia 002A
Araeoco
ccus fla
gellifo
lius Genb
ank
Aech
mea
blum
enav
ii Gen
bank
Aechmea aciculosa 7312
Billbergia nutans Genbank
Canistropsis exigua 3175
Cryptanthus roberto-kautskyi 5210
Aechmea weilbachii var. albipetala Genbank
Nidulari
um pro
cerum
550
Ques
nelia
conq
uisten
sis 5
667
Hohenbergia proctorii Genbank
Neorege
lia moo
reana
EC-1-HEID-10
8120
Aech
mea
mar
auen
sis 60
74
Aechmea weilbachii var. weilbachii form
a pendula 1292
Neoreg
elia ele
uthero
petala
1976
Aech
mea
phan
eroph
lebia
1472
Lymania globosa Genbank
Neore
gelia
compa
cta 57
48
Quesnelia liboniana G
enbank
Aechmea filicaulis Genbank
Ananas bracteatus 7983
Aechmea victoriana 4
Lymania corallina 2987
Neorege
lia lym
aniana
3501
Aechmea ituberaensis 8542
Neor
egeli
a ang
ustib
racteo
lata B
R-1-H
EID-10
4378
Neoreg
elia ro
thine
ssa 70
62
Ocha
gavia
carn
ea G
enba
nk
Aech
mea pu
besce
ns Gen
bank
Aechmea mariae-reginae CR-1-HEID-103080
Aechmea fendleri XX-1-HEID-130235
Araeococcus sessiliflorus 8529
Aechmea roberto-anselmoi 94
Porte
a ker
mes
ina G
enba
nk
Aech
mea
calyc
ulata
Genb
ank
Canistropsis
simulans 10
60
Aechmea mariae-reginae Genbank
Androlepis fragrans 5451
Aechmea cucullata 2540
Cryptanthus dorothyae Genbank
Porte
a gra
ndiflo
ra 56
13
Aechmea castanea 1142
Canistrum improcerum 6211
Neore
gelia
cruen
ta Gen
bank
Aechmea woronowii Genbank
Canistrum lanigerum 4664
Aechmea froesii 6614
Lymania languida 6735
Hohenbergia burle-marxii 2325
Canistrum fosterianum aff. 2273
Aech
mea
lepta
ntha 6
627
Aech
mea
fasc
iata 8
639
Canis
trum pi
ckeli
i 502
7
Wittrockia gigantea 2166Edmundoa lindenii 4446
Aechmea corymbosa G
enbank
Aech
mea ru
bens
aff. 3
465
Aech
mea
recu
rvat
a var
. ortg
iesii
4784
Canis
trum
pick
elii 5
042
Quesnelia koltesii 6743
Billbergia eloiseae Genbank
Billbergia euphemiae var. euphem
iae BR-1-HEID-104296
Aechmea roberto-seidelii 7831
Aechmea t
illandsioides 8
63
Neor
egeli
a muc
ugen
sis cf
.Louz
ada 1
18
Aechmea t
illandsioides G
enbank
Quesnelia alvimii 1456
Hohenbergia pennae BR-1-HEID-104043
Neore
gelia
neva
resii 3
775
Aech
mea aq
uileg
a 232
1
Cryptanthus colnagoi X1
Edmundoa ambigua 293
5A
Aechmea floribunda 4182
Aechmea incompta 3746
Neoglaziovia variegata BR-1-HEID-103818
Aechmea grazielae 944
Aechmea fosteriana var rupicola 1126
Ananas comosus 6651
Aechmea colombiana Genbank
Aechmea bruggeri Genbank
Aechmea tonduzii Genbank
Aechmea paniculata 3907
Quesnelia indecora 1543
Pseudananas sagenarius XX-1-HEID-100686
Billbergia amoena Genbank
Aechmea turbinocalyx 5273
Aechmea hoppii 2839
Ananas fritzmuelleri 1632
Lymania globosa 8526
Aech
mea
caste
lnavii
Gen
bank
Quesnelia edmundoi 1581
Cryptanthus beuckeri Genbank
Nidulari
um ful
gens 2
940
Aechmea warasii 210
Bromelia karatas G
enbank
Aechmea lingulatoides typ
Billbergia distachia 8129
Ronnbergia neoregelioides 4368
Porte
a nan
a 304
4
Aech
mea
nudic
aulis
5522
Hohenbergia penduliflora Genbank
Billbergia elegans 6980
Aechmea nidularioides 4841
Hohenbergia utriculosa 3695
Canistrum triangulare 0149
Aech
mea
phan
eroph
lebia
7350
Quesnelia edmundoi var. edmundoi 1581
Billbergia porteana 8293
Cryptanthus microglazioui 152
Aech
mea
nudic
aulis
8186
Aech
mea
lept
anth
a 145
3
Ananas nanus 6769
Aechmea purpureo-rosea 173
Ananas comosus Heller 121
Quesnelia seideliana 3284
Aechmea pineliana var. minuta 3345
Ronnbergia columbiana Genbank
Hohenbergia attenuata Genbank
Hohenbergia abbreviata 1708
Aech
mea
lym
anii 5
157
Aechmea murcae Genbank
Aechmea milsteiniana 2859
Wittrockia cyathiformis 6411
Lapanthus duartei Genbank
Aech
mea m
ulfor
dii af
f. 547
7
Hohenbergia stellata 6494
Ques
nelia
ques
nelia
na 3
402
Neoreg
elia vir
idovin
osa 8
231
Ananas nanus 5957
Aechmea manzanaresiana Genbank
Hohenbergia belemii 8502
Quesnelia dubia 5152
Neoglaziovia variegata Wanderley 2766
Aechmea mexicana EC-1-HEID-104025
Aechmea mollis 3006
Nidularium amazonicum 1759
Aechmea sphaerocephala 4930
Billbergia nana 4879
Hohenbergia augusta HAXX
Lymania spiculata Genbank
Lapanthus itambensis 5977
Aechmea cucullata G
enbank
Aech
mea
nudic
aulis
7533
Hohenbergia capitata 3041
Neoreg
elia wilso
niana
1088
Cryptanthus diamantinensis Genbank
Aechmea lamarchei 1546
Aechmea racinae 3088
Aechmea veitchii GenbankAech
mea flem
ingii G
enbank
Aechmea bicolor 3713
Ursulaea mcvaughii Genbank
Canis
trum
auran
tiacu
m Ge
nban
k
Hohenbergia edmundoi Genbank
Aechmea capixabae 6948
Canistrum fosterianum Genbank
Brom
elia c
hrys
anth
a Gen
bank
Billbergia vittata 1920
Aech
mea
dea
lbat
a 211
0
Aechmea patriciae 5460
Aechmea allenii Genbank
Cryptanthus scaposus 5213
Aechmea atrovittata 6519
Aechmea perforata 3087
Ocha
gavia
eleg
ans G
enba
nk
Orthophytum harleyi Genbank
Brom
elia p
ingu
in G
enba
nk
Androlepis skinneri Genbank
Aechmea heterosepala 3047
Aech
mea
tritic
ina 44
35
Edmundoa lindenii 5732
Orthophytum vagans Genbank
Wittrocki
a sup
erba G
enba
nk
Neor
egeli
a pine
liana
3108
Aechmea fraseri Genbank
Aech
mea
win
kleri
1437
Billbergia nutans var. nutans HEID-109831
Aech
mea aq
uilega
Genba
nk
Aechmea roberto-anselmoi aff. 7568
Aechmea m
utica
Canistrum triangulare 3755
Aechmea weberi X4
Aechmea chantinii Genbank
Aechmea maasii BR-1-HEID-107354
Fernseea bocainensis 1422
Aech
mea
leon
ard-
kent
iana 3
503
Orthophytum disjunctum Genbank
Aechmea ramosa aff. 7812
Wittroc
kia su
perba
4751
Aechmea patriciae Genbank
Aechmea m
ira 3722
Cryptanthus glaziovii Genbank
Neoglaziovia variegata 6677
Cryptanthus odoratissimus Genbank
Aechmea p
enduliflora EC-1-H
EID-130326
Neoregelia
binotii GenbankAechmea bambusoides Genbank
Aech
mea to
mentos
a 619
2
Aechmea guarapariensis 92
Canistropsis billbergioides 7860
Hohenbergiopsis guatemalensis GT-1-HEID-103058
Canis
trum
auran
tiacu
m 50
36
Aechmea sphaerocephala Genbank
Ananas ananassoides Genbank
Hohenbergia barbarespina 4363
Aechmea p
olyant
ha 701
5
Aechmea muricata 5318
Cryptanthus colnagoi Genbank
Porte
a fil
ifera
849
9
Aechmea tonduzii 3226
Aechmea 7811 sp. nov. 7811
Aechmea weilbachii 168
Aech
mea
rubr
olilac
ina 17
84
Canistropsis 5
412 541
2
Orthophytum zanonii 5941
Aechmea smithiorum var. longistipitata VC-1-HEID-104855
Disteganthus basilateralis Genbank
Neor
egeli
a bah
iana 5
02
Aech
mea
lacti
fera 4
812
Aechmea j
unguru
doensis
Genbank
Neoreg
elia wurd
ackii
CO-1-HEID
-1032
72
Aechmea p
enduliflora Genbank
Neore
gelia
conc
entric
a 192
3
Cryptanthus warren-loosei Genbank
Aechmea fulgens 5043
Fernseea itatiaiae Genbank
Aech
mea
mara
uens
is Ge
nban
k
Neoreg
elia ca
rolina
e 187
Orthophytum heleniceae 5910
Canis
trum
alag
oanu
m 56
70
Aechmea farinosa Genbank
Billbergia robert-readii Genbank
Aechm
ea pit
tieri G
enba
nk
Aech
mea
amico
rum
7669
Porte
a al
atis
epal
a X6
Neoreg
elia ele
uthero
petala
aff. 23
31
Canistropsis
microps 55
1
Hohenbergia catingae Louzada 100
Aech
mea
cylin
drata
Gen
bank
Aechmea sphaerocephala 3395
Aech
mea
dealb
ata G
enba
nk
Neoreg
elia ni
vea 3
299
Aechmea mexicana Genbank
Brom
elia a
ntiac
anth
a Gen
bank
Aechmea gustavoi 5031
Ronnbergia silvana 5305
Lapanthus vidaliorum 7607
Ananas bracteatus Genbank
Hohenbergia eriostachya Genbank
Canistrum sandrae 4341
Cryptanthus maritim
us 1582
Quesnelia edmundoi var. rubrobracteata 8075
Aechmea a
ngustifolia G
enbank
Neoreg
elia du
ngsia
na 26
63
Cryptanthus bromelioides 2229
Araeococcus parviflorus 8751
Aechmea serragrandensis 6679
Hohenbergia polycephala Genbank
Neoreg
elia pe
rnambu
cana 4
407
Aechmea p
enduliflora EC-1-H
EID-103252
Aech
mea
wittm
ackia
na 47
55
Neorege
lia myrm
ecoph
ila 255
5
Brom
elia i
rwin
ii Gen
bank
Aechmea allenii PA-1-HEID-104587
Aech
mea
guain
umbio
rum
4997
Aech
mea
caud
ata 3
085
Neoregelia
lactea
1371
Aechmea disjuncta 4013
Hohenbergia lanata 3716
Aechmea nidularioides Genbank
Orthophytum burle-m
arxii 3821
Och
agav
ia lito
ralis
Gen
bank
Porte
a pet
ropo
litana
4890
Gre
igia
spha
celat
a Gen
bank
Edmundoa ambigua Genbank
Pseudananas sagenarius Genbank
Aech
mea
disti
chan
tha 14
44
Canis
trum
pick
elii 4
923
Hohenbergia loredanoana 8193
Aechmea saxicola 1115
Aechmea moorei Genbank
Neore
gelia
pinelia
na G
enba
nk
Canistrop
sis micro
ps Genb
ank
Aechmea depressa 5317
Disteganthus sp. nov. Bogner 2951
Wittrockia cyathiformis 1663
Ronnbergia explodens Genbank
Acanthostachys pitcairnioides Genbank
Aech
mea
guar
ating
uens
is 77
67
Aechmea longifolia 6275
Aechmea weilbachii f. pendula Genbank
Cryptanthus caracensis 7230
Pseudananas sagenarius 5579
Aechmea gurkeniana 298
Billbergia laxiflora Genbank
Aech
mea am
icorum
5171
Aechmea brevic
ollis Genbank
Herbaria are archives of global plant diversity and therefore represent essential research infrastruc-ture for a variety of topics spanning from basic to applied research. Applied methods include more classical approaches such as field studies, investigations of morphology as well as chemi-cal and molecular analyses (anatomical staining, thin layer chromatography, flow cytometry, DNA sequencing). In the last decades, the study of DNA variability has steadily gained importance, with examples including mycological studies on the taxonomy of Colletotrichum and xylobiont genera, such as Collophorina and Coniochaeta. Modelling and other methods of paleobotany and geology are also becoming increasingly relevant.
The herbaria in Görlitz and Frankfurt have been essential sources and botanical repositories for those working on local plant and fungi diversi-ty since the Herbarium Senckenbergianum‘s beginnings in 1817. Citizen scientists use our collections to verify specimens‘ identity, while private, scientifically relevant collections are re-gularly donated to the Senckenberg herbaria to ensure long-term curation and accessibility. His-torical collections document changes in biodiver-sity over the last 200 years, e.g. for the region of Lusatia, the Central European low mountain ranges or the City of Frankfurt/Main (see also www.flora-frankfurt.de). As such, they are highly
relevant to applied research in the conservation of species and habitats (e.g. Hardtke et al. 2015, Gre-gor et al. 2016). For Central Europe, research focuses on taxonomi-cally difficult groups such as the genera Hieracium, Alchemilla, Rosa or Potentilla. The results of this basic research have contributed to widely used pub-lications including “Rothmaler – Exkursionsflora von Deutschland” (Jäger et al. 2017, Müller et al. 2016). An online-platform for taxonomically difficult groups has been established in close cooperation with colleagues from the Herbarium Haussknecht Jena and other relevant specialists, and with sup-port of the DFG (link: https://webapp.senckenberg.de/bestikri/), which provides high resolution scans of herbarium specimens that have been verified by leading taxonomists. With regard to lichens, we have also contributed to standard literature on diversity in Central Eu-rope such as the two-volumed flora “Die Flechten Deutschlands“ (Wirth et al. 2013).
As part of the German Barcoding of Life approach, an on-going project generates DNA sequence data from the fungal collection in Görlitz with a view to documenting fungal diversity in Germany and develop an “Ecochip” to aid determination within this diverse group (link: www.bolgermany.de). Our results on current distribution, genetic diver-sity and potential range shifts of rare, threatened or invasive species are therefore highly relevant to conservation studies at the local and regional levels (Nierbauer et al. 2016, Reichel et al. 2016).
ResearchTaxonomy and Systematics
Biodiversity research in Europe
background figure: This phylogeny of the subfamily Bromelioideae, which is based on ten molecular markers covering more than 400 species, substantially improves the understanding of taxonomy and systematics in the mor-phologically highly diverse Bromeliaceae.
image, left: By applying population genetic methods, we investigate Spiraea species that are invasive in Upper Lusatia (Germany).
14 15
For almost 30 years, West Africa has been the focus of research at the Goethe University and at Senckenberg Frankfurt, which has resulted in the development of a comprehensive herbarium collection from the region (approx. 15,000 speci-mens) as well as the establishment of close co-operation with and the development of research infrastructure in Burkina Faso and Benin. Based on relevant herbarium collections, phytosocio-logical relevés and field studies, we compiled an annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Burkina Faso, which added an additional 750 species to the country´s flora (Thiombiano et al. 2012). The distribution data are available online and serve as the basis for conservation studies across the whole flora (Schmidt et al. 2017) and to facilitate the identification and designation of protected areas.
ResearchBiodiversity change in West Africa Biodiversity, climate and land use change in Central and North Asia
background figure: Distribution of steppes and related temperate grasslands in Eurasia (Wesche et al. 2016).
image, right: High-altitude lake in the Mongolian Altay.
In Görlitz, building upon the long-standing co-operation between Mongolia and Germany in re-search and education, we have advanced basic research on the flora of Mongolia and have also become involved in issues of global land use and climate change and associated effects on vegeta-tion of steppes and semi-deserts. While Mongo-lians still practice traditional mobile pastoralism, land use in neighbouring parts of China is rapidly changing and has become much more intense. Over the course of various externally funded projects, we have been able to compare grazing systems in both northern China and Tibet, and to assess whether land use is sustainable and wheth-er management needs to be adapted to the local, particularly climatic, conditions of a given region.
larger image: The population of West Africa depends heavily on local plant resources, yet changing land use and climate will trigger immense transformations. Research is urgently needed since our knowledge on flora and vegetation is still far from comprehensive.
smaller image, lower: Grazing experiment as part of a project to reintroduce bison in Central Yakutia.
16 17
larger image: Potentilla nivea in a relict steppe occurrence in NE Siberia.
smaller image, right: Pikas, such as Ochotona dauurica, are small mammals that are characteristic of steppes and related rangelands. They are important ecosystem engineers, and we studied their impact on steppe soil and vegetation in both China and Mongolia.
In a joint project, botanists from Weimar and Görlitz have been studying late-quaternary veg-etation changes in northern Siberia. By linking paleoecology and vegetation science, we study effects of historical mega-extinctions of the large herbivore fauna on structure and functioning of Northern Siberian steppes.
The last years of field work in Central and Northern Asia have yielded more than 10,000 herbarium specimens kept in the collections at Görlitz and Weimar, many of which can be accessed via the online Flora of Mongolia (https://floragreif.uni-greifswald.de/floragreif/). In addition to scientific publications, we also contribute to international assessments (IUCN, IPBES) and provide recom-mendations for local land use.
For most mega-diverse tropical countries, knowl-edge on species diversity remains incomplete. Our taxonomic research contributes to several ongoing projects on the flora of Latin America (e.g. Flora Neotropica, Flora Mesoamericana, Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, Flora de la Re-pública de Cuba, Flora de Chile etc.), and thereby facilitates assessment and conservation of plant diversity.
Biodiversity hotspot American Tropics
image, left: The pineapple family (Bromeliaceae) comprises 3,600 species, many of which are epiphytes. Due to its mor-phological diversity, the family was identified as a model of rapid evolution in tropical regions.
image, right: Lichens dominate the vegetation of the Antarctic. Their speciation and population genetics have been studied in Frankfurt since 2003.
Research
18 19
An ongoing central aim of the Herbarium Sencken-bergianum is therefore to improve digital access to our collections.
At present, around 25% of all collected speci-mens are digitally accessible, of these 55,000 are supplemented by scans. Metadata on most of the fungus specimens in Görlitz and almost all the lichens and specimens of the West Afri-ca herbarium are accessible from our database. Metadata and scans of the flora of Lusatia and plants of the Hessian mountain ranges are also accessible as well as, of course, the type speci-mens.
The approaches of studies that depend on speci-mens in herbaria and other research collections have changed over the centuries and have be-come ever more diverse. While the study of tra-ditional herbarium specimens is still central to research, new analytical tools continue to sup-plement classical methods based on the use of lenses and microscopes. Examples include stu-dies on the internal structure (anatomy), chemi-cal composition or DNA of specimens from dif-ferent time periods, with some herbarium plants that are well over 100 years old being success-fully sequenced. To facilitate access for such studies, herbaria maintain special collections. At the Herbarium Senckenbergianum, these inclu-de the Senckenberg DNA archive, which stores DNA isolates from specimens that are readily available upon request. We also develop a living collection of phytoparasitic fungi, which is highly valuable to both research and education.
Although most natural history collections are still far from being completely digitally available, ac-cess to herbarium collections has become vastly improved in recent years thanks to digitisation and the internet. The rapid retrievability of me-tadata on specimens is becoming increasingly supplemented by high-resolution, mainly two-dimensional, scans of herbarium specimens. The respective methods for scanning three-dimen-sional objects (e.g. fungi) and very small objects (virtual microscopy) are also being continuously improved.
Traditional and Novel Approaches
image right: Herbarium specimen of Helleborus viridis from Upper Lusatia in Germany.
larger image: Midnight sun at the Arctic Circle. Modern GPS devices (and even smartphones) can be used to determine position, aspect, declination and other site parameters in vegetation analyses.
smaller image, lower: In the 1950s and 1960s, Max Militzer compiled detailed surveys of arable weed species in eastern Saxony. They now form an invaluable reference for assessing floristic change.
20 21
larger image: Senckenberg Nature Scout excursion for pupils in the surroundings of Görlitz.
smaller image, left: Volunteers (here Margret Kessler and Dr. Gerhard Winter) make important contributions to the scientific and technical curation of collections.
Senckenberg was founded by citizen scientists with strong interests in natural history, and many of the later botanists at the institute pursued other professions (e.g. physician, teacher, pharmacist), while the current collection is continuously being developed by appointed curators as well as vol-unteers. The growth of the collections has also depended on contributions by private individuals, who are often specialists with taxonomic expertise.
Declining state investment in natural history stu-dies has raised the significance of citizen science. Thus, supporting volunteers during their botanical studies, providing access to our collections and involving volunteers in the development of our herbarium are other key tasks. To this end, our de-velopment of plant identification aids (printed and digital) has helped not only botanical experts, but it has brought our knowledge to the broader public.
Examples of important citizen scientists include Eduard Rüppell (1794-1884), a banker who travelled to unexplored regions in northeast Africa as a pri-vate scholar, and who donated his collections to Senckenberg. His study includes specimens of Lobelia rhynchopetalum, a species discovered by Rüppell in the Ethiopian highlands, which was later described by Georg Fresenius, a physician and bo-tanical curator at Senckenberg. Nearly half of the mycological specimens in Görlitz were collected by the teacher Horst Jage (*1935), who was mainly in-terested in phytoparasitic fungi and donated a total of 60,000 specimens (Wesche et al. 2016). Hans Hupke (1888-1976) was a personnel manager who donated approximately 90,000 specimens to Frank-furt, many of which were collected in the mountain-ous upland regions of Thuringia, Hesse and Bavaria and represent a major resource for investigating floristic change in Germany (Gregor et al. 2016).
Citizen Sciencebackground figure:
Sketch by Eduard Rüppell of giant lobelias (Lobelia rhynchopetalum) in the Simen mountains of Ethiopia, eastern Africa. Rüppell’s specimens formed the basis for scientific descriptions of that spectacular species.
smaller image, right-lower: Eduard Rüppell (seated) and his assistant Michael Hey during their first scientific expedition. The oil painting by Adam Grünbaum became the property of the Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung in 1825.
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larger image: Senckenberg’s botanists teach “classical botany” at various universities. Fieldwork, studies on material from our collec-tions as well as modern biogeographical, phylogenetical and population genetic methods form part of the curricula.
smaller image, lower: Together, German and international students are introduced to important taxonomical groups (here: Poaceae).
In addition to its main function of being a re-search institute within the Leibniz Association, Senckenberg has been heavily involved in univer-sity teaching for several decades. Natural history collections facilitate the transfer of knowledge and identification skills to students of biology and other subjects, and this commitment is be-coming more relevant as universities restrict the resources available to students in such disciplines.
Researchers at Senckenberg teach at various uni-versities: botanists give courses at universities in Dresden, Frankfurt and Oldenburg. In Zittau and Görlitz two new Master‘s degree courses were launched in 2014 and 2016 respectively, namely “Biodiversity and Collection Management” and “Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services”. Sen-ckenberg provides the majority of the modules in each course, which focus not only on classical identification skills but also on nature conserva-tion and applied ecology.
In addition, the Senckenberg Technician School offers a unique opportunity for students to attend two-year courses required to become technical assistants in natural history museums and rela-ted institutes. The curriculum comprises theoret-ical and practical lessons in botany taught by the staff of the Herbarium Senckenbergianum.
Education
background figure: Excerpt from a laboratory journal.
image, right: Mongolian students assessing the results of an agarose gel electrophoresis.
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1,180,000 specimens71,500 specimens
9,500 specimens119,000 specimens150,000 specimens
Herbarium & FungariumSpread over four sites, the united Herbarium Senckenbergianum hosts collections of all major taxonomical groups in botany and mycology:
Vascular plants...................Bryophytes.............................Algae (incl. dinoflagellates)......Lichens ................................Fungi.....................................
The digital catalogues are available via the Sencken-berg collection database Aquila (https://search.senckenberg.de/aquila-public-search) or via the Glo-bal Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, www.gbif.org)
In addition, we maintain special collections in-cluding fruits, historical models for teaching and literature on systematics and biogeography. We also contribute to the Senckenberg DNA archive.
Digital collections and targeted virtual herbaria constitute a particularly rapidly growing field. We provide the following:
African Plants – A Photo Guide www.africanplants.senckenberg.de
Bestimmungskritische Taxa zur Flora von Deutschland https://webapp.senckenberg.de/bestikri
Centre of Excellence for Dinophyte Taxonomy (CEDiT)http://www.dinophyta.org
Chromosome numbers of the flora of Germany http://chromosomes.senckenberg.de
Flora von Frankfurt am Main www.flora-frankfurt.de
Q-bank Fungi databasewww.q-bank.eu/Fungi
Virtuelles Herbarium der Lausitz https://webapp.senckenberg.de/lausitzherbar
image, left: Herbarium specimen of Fragaria moschata from Upper Lusatia.
image: A glance into the Herbarium Senckenbergianum Görlitz (GLM).
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Herbarium Senckenbergianum FR Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution Frankfurt/Main, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt/Main
Section Phanerogams I / Head of Department: Prof. Dr. Georg Zizka Section Phanerogams II: Dr. Stefan DresslerSection Cryptogams: Dr. Christian Printzen Section Molecular Evolution of Plants: Dr. Juraj Paule
Herbarium Senckenbergianum GLM Department of Botany, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Am Museum 1, 02826 Görlitz
Section Phanerogams I / Head of Department: Prof. Dr. Karsten Wesche Section Phanerogams II: Dr. Christiane M. RitzSection Lichenes and Bryophyta: Dr. Volker Otte Section Mycology: Dr. Ulrike Damm
Structure and OrganisationHerbarium Senckenbergianum IQW Senckenberg Research Station of Quaternary Palaeontology, Am Jakobskirchhof 4, 99423 Weimar
Section Quaternary Macroflora: Dr. Frank Kienast
Herbarium Senckenbergianum WHV German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Südstrand 44, 26382 Wilhelmshaven
Division Marine Botany: PD Dr. Mona Hoppenrath
upper image: A glance into the Herbarium Senckenbergianum Frankfurt (FR).
image, right: Drawing of Cotoneaster divaricatus taken from the Atlas volume of the Rothmaler Exkursionsflora von Deutschland (Jäger et al. 2017). Line drawing: Sandy Theuerkauf.
Status quo: 1st of January 2017 For more information visit www.senckenberg.de
Further reading:
Boyle, H. 2011. Die mykologischen Sammlungen des Her-barium Senckenbergianum Görlitz. Natur Forschung Mu-seum 141(3/4): 114-117.Conert, H. J. 1967. Die Geschichte der Botanisch-Paläobo-tanischen Abteilung. Senckenberg. Biol. 48(C): 1-57.Conert, H. J. (ed.) 1999. Index Collectorum Herbarii Sen-ckenbergiani (FR). Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 217.Dressler, S., Gebauer, P., Hoppenrath, M., Kienast, F. et al. 2011. Das neue Herbarium Senckenbergianum. Natur Forschung Museum 141(3/4): 110-113.Dunger, I. 1995. Zur Geschichte der Floristik der Ober-lausitz, mit besonderer Würdigung der Arbeiten von Emil Barber und Max Militzer. Ber. Naturf. Ges. Oberlausitz 4: 55-64.Hoppenrath, M. 2011. Aufbau einer Dinoflagellaten-Samm-lung. Natur Forschung Museum 141(3/4): 118-119.Wesche, K., Otte, V., Boyle, H., Damm, U. et al. 2016. Die botanisch-mykologischen Sammlungen in Görlitz – zen-trale Anlaufstellen für die haupt-und ehrenamtliche Pflan-zen- und Pilzkunde in der Oberlausitz. Ber. Naturf. Ges. Oberlausitz 24: 37-50.
References:
Gregor, T., Dressler, S., Nierbauer, K.-U., Zizka, G. 2016. Loss of plant species diversity in a rural German region – assessment on basis of a historical herbarium. Tuexenia 36: 191-204.Hardtke, H.-J., Dämmrich, F., Klenke F. et al. 2015. Rote Liste und Artenliste Sachsens – Pilze. 2nd ed. Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie.Jäger, E. J., Müller, F., Ritz, C.M., Welk, E., Wesche, K. 2017. Rothmaler Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Gefäß-pflanzen: Atlasband. 13th ed. Springer Spektrum, Heidel-berg.Müller, F., Ritz, C.M., Welk, E., Wesche, K. 2016. Roth-maler Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Kritischer Ergän-zungsband. 11th ed. Springer Spektrum, Heidelberg.Nierbauer, K.-U., Paule, J., Zizka, G. 2016. Invasive tall annual willowherb (Epilobium brachycarpum C. Presl) in Central Europe originates from high mountain areas of western North America. Biol. Invasions 18: 3265-3275.Nierbauer, K.-U., Paule, J., Zizka, G. 2017. Heteroploid reti-culate evolution and taxonomic status of an endemic spe-cies with bi-central geographical distribution. AoB Plants. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plx002.Reichel, K., Richter, F., Eichel, L., Kącki, Z., et al. 2016. Ge-netic diversity in the locally declining Laserpitium pruteni-cum L. and the more common Selinum carvifolia (L.) L. – a “silent goodbye”? Conserv. Genet. 17 (4): 847-860.Thiombiano, A., Schmidt, M., Dressler, S., Nacoulma, A. et al. 2012. Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Burkina Faso. Boissiera 65.Wesche, K., Ambarlı, D., Kamp, J., Török, P. et al. 2016. The Palaearctic steppe biome: a new synthesis. Biodivers. Conserv. 25: 2197–2231.Wirth, V., Hauck, M. Schultz, M. (with: de Bruyn, U., Bült-mann, H., John, V., Litterski, B., Otte, V.) 2013. Die Flech-ten Deutschlands. vol. 1 & 2. Ulmer, Stuttgart.
Literature
upper images: Drawings of Hieracium glaucinum (left) and Pilosella iserana (right) taken from the Atlas volume of the Rothmaler Exkursionsflora von Deutschland (Jäger et al. 2017). Line drawing: Sandy Theuerkauf.
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Publisher
Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung,
Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt/Main
Texts
Ulrike Damm, Stefan Dressler, Mona Hoppenrath, Frank Kienast,
Volker Otte, Juraj Paule, Christian Printzen, Christiane Ritz,
Karsten Wesche, Jens Wesenberg, Georg Zizka
(all Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung)
Figures
Hermann Ansorge, Daniel Cáceres, Ulrike Damm, Axel Gebauer,
Sascha Heller, Veit Herklotz, Mona Hoppenrath, Frank Kienast,
Elfriede Michels, Volker Otte, Christian Printzen, Markus Ritz,
Julio Schneider, Michaela Schwager, Indra Starke-Ottich,
Sandy Theuerkauf, Sven Tränkner, Karsten Wesche,
Jens Wesenberg, Tanja Wilke, Georg Zizka
We thank Kai-Uwe Nierbauer for his support, authors of figures
for providing photos, graphics and drawings, and Springer-Spek-
trum for granting permission to reproduce line drawings from
the Rothmaler Exkursionsflora. Danny McCluskey kindly checked
English texts and captions.
Layout and Image Processing
Ekkehart Mättig
Printing and binding
VDD AG / Gustav Winter GmbH
Please use the following reference:
Herbarium Senckenbergianum (team of authors) 2017.
Botany and mycology at Senckenberg since 1817 –
Herbarium Senckenbergianum
Frankfurt/Main, Görlitz, Weimar, Wilhelmshaven.
Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt/Main.
© 2017 Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung
Frankfurt/Main
The authors are responsible for content of the volume.
All rights, also regarding reprinting of extracts, photomechanical
reproduction, translation, storage and processing in electronic
media and systems, are reserved.
www.senckenberg.de
ISBN 978-3-929907-95-7
Printed in Germany upper image and right page: Alchemilla cyclophylla T.C.E.Fr. was collected in January, 1922 by the Fries brothers during an expedition to the Kenyan Highlands. Nowadays, this taxon is treated as A. abyssinica Fresen. ssp. cyclophylla (T.C.E.Fr.) Kalheber.
Imprint
30
erzeugt am Mon Sep 4 14:47:24 2017EAN/ISBN fur Senckenberg, Eigentitel engl.
ISBN 978-3-929907-95-7
9 783929 907957
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