Lecture (1) Mycology 1 Definitions: What is Mycology? Mycology (from Greek term μύκης (mykes, mukos) "fungus" and logy "science", is the study of fungi and their multiple functions in nature. What are fungi: Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that DO NOT contain chlorophyll, but have cell walls, filamentous structures, and produce spores. These organisms grow as saprophytes and decompose dead organic matter also as pathogens of plants, animals, humans, and in food spoilage and as producers of secondary metabolites. There are between 100,000 to 200,000 species depending on how they are classified. About 300 species are presently known to be pathogenic for the human. The taxonomy of the Kingdom Fungi is evolving and is controversial. Formerly based on gross and light microscopic morphology, studies of ultra-structure, biochemistry and molecular biology provide new evidence on which to base taxonomic positions. According to Wittaker 1969; there are five kingdoms of living things, and the fungi are in the Kingdom Mycetae. Kingdom Characteristic Example Monera Prokaryocyte Bacteria Actinomycetes Protista Eukaryocyte Protozoa Mycetae Eukaryocyte Fungi Plantae Eukaryocyte Plants Animalae Eukaryocyte Arthropods; Human; Mammals; Birds According to Carlile et al., 2001; fungi are recognized as one of five Eucaryotic kingdoms including Animalae, Plantae, Chromista (straminopila), Protozoa and fungi kingdom. A phylogenetic tree showing the relationships between the two Prokaryote and five Eukaryote kingdoms (Carlile et al., 2001).
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Lecture (1) Mycology
1
Definitions:
What is Mycology? Mycology (from Greek term μύκης (mykes, mukos) "fungus" and
logy "science", is the study of fungi and their multiple functions in nature.
What are fungi: Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that DO NOT contain chlorophyll,
but have cell walls, filamentous structures, and produce spores.
These organisms grow as saprophytes and decompose dead organic matter also as
pathogens of plants, animals, humans, and in food spoilage and as producers of
secondary metabolites.
There are between 100,000 to 200,000 species depending on how they are classified.
About 300 species are presently known to be pathogenic for the human.
The taxonomy of the Kingdom Fungi is evolving and is controversial.
Formerly based on gross and light microscopic morphology, studies of ultra-structure,
biochemistry and molecular biology provide new evidence on which to base
taxonomic positions.
According to Wittaker 1969; there are five kingdoms of living things, and the
fungi are in the Kingdom Mycetae.
Kingdom Characteristic Example
Monera Prokaryocyte Bacteria Actinomycetes
Protista Eukaryocyte Protozoa
Mycetae Eukaryocyte Fungi
Plantae Eukaryocyte Plants
Animalae Eukaryocyte Arthropods; Human; Mammals;
Birds
According to Carlile et al., 2001; fungi are recognized as one of five Eucaryotic
kingdoms including Animalae, Plantae, Chromista (straminopila), Protozoa and
fungi kingdom.
A phylogenetic tree showing the relationships between the two Prokaryote and five Eukaryote
kingdoms (Carlile et al., 2001).
Lecture (1) Mycology
2
Morphology of fungi
Fungi can be grouped morphologically as either
1. Yeast (unicellular) 2. molds (multicellular)
3. Dimorphic fungi (yeast and mold)
structure of fungi
1. Unicellular fungi
Yeast; Small, round, Non filamentous cells. e.g. Candida
albican.
2. Multicellular fungi
They present as long filamentous cells called hyphae; hyphae are
long, branching filamentous structure of a fungus, collectively called
mycelium or thallus (the fungal body).
Two types of hyphae based onto function,
Vegetative hyphae are portion that obtain (absorb) nutrients; lie underground or under
agar.
Reproductive hyphae (Arial hyphae, above ground) are portion connected with
reproduction; carry the reproductive organs (sporangium or conidiophore).
Lecture (1) Mycology
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Two types of hyphae based onto presence of septum,
septate hyphae; hyphae cells divided by cross wall (septum).
aseptate hyphae (coenocytic); long continuous cells not divided by septa .