Book of Hours, Walters Art Museum MS. W.168

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcodePublished 2011

A digital facsimile of selections fromWalters Ms. W.168, Book of Hours

Published by: The Walters Art Museum600 N. Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21201

http://www.thewalters.org/

This document is a digital facsimile of selections from a manuscript belonging to the Walters ArtMuseum, in Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States. It is one of a number of manuscriptsthat have been digitized as part of a project generously funded by the National Endowment forthe Humanities, and by an anonymous donor to the Walters Art Museum. More details aboutthe manuscripts at the Walters can be found by visiting The Walters Art Museum's websitewww.thewalters.org. For further information about this book, and online resources for Waltersmanuscripts, please contact us through the Walters Website by email, and ask for your message tobe directed to the Department of Manuscripts.

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Shelf mark Walters Art Museum Ms. W.168

Descriptive Title Book of Hours

Text title Book of Hours

Abstract This fine illuminated Book of Hours was produced in twostages in the second and third quarters of the fifteenthcentury. The manuscript contains eleven full-page miniaturesand twenty historiated initials. The first stage of productionincludes a section attributed to the Masters of Zweder vanCulemborg and the calendar (fols. 3r-14v, 52v-211v), whileadditional prayers illustrated in the style of the workshop ofWillem Vrelant were added later in the fifteenth century (fols.16r-50v, 213r-223r), presumably when the book was boundin its present binding. The Hours of the Virgin is for the Useof Rome. The Use of the Office of the Dead is unidentified,but the calendar is for the Use of Utrecht. The two separateparts of the manuscript were bound together in Flanders.The sections of W.168 attributed to the Masters of Zwedervan Culemborg have been compared to Utrecht, UtrechtUniversity Ms. 1037; Cambridge, Fitzwilliam MuseumJames Ms. 141; the second hand in New York, PierpontMorgan Library Ms. M.87; Stockholm, Royal Library A 226,and Philadelphia, Free Library Lewis Ms. 88.

Date Second quarter of the 15th century (ca. 1430-35), withadditions ca. 1460

Origin Utrecht, with additions probably in Bruges

Artist Supplied name: Masters of Zweder van Culemborg

Artist Supplied name: Style of Willem Vrelant

Form Book

Genre Devotional

Language The primary language in this manuscript is Latin.

Support material Parchment

Medium-weight, light-cream-colored parchment, wellsurfaced on both sides; miniatures on heavier parchment

Extent Foliation: 223+ii

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Modern pencil foliation in upper right corners

Collation Formula: 1(8), 2-6(8), 7(4), 8(10,-10), 9(8), 10(10,-2),11(12,-3,8), 12(12,-5,10), 13(12,-8,12) 14(10,-10), 15(8),16(10,-7), 17(8), 18(6), 19(10,-10), 20(8), 21(10,-9),22-25(8), 26(8-8), 27(12,-1), ii

Catchwords: None

Signatures: None

Comments: Quires begin on pastedown (1) and fols. 8(2)16(3), 24(4), 32(5), 40(6), 48(7), 52(8), 61(9), 69(10),78(11), 88(12), 98(13), 108(14), 117(15), 125(16), 134(17),142(18), 148(19), 157(20), 165(21), 174(22), 182(23),190(24), 198(25), 206(26), 213(27)

Dimensions 11.4 cm wide by 16.0 cm high

Written surface 5.6 cm wide by 8.6 cm high

Layout Columns: 1Ruled lines: 15-16Brown and red ruled lines

Contents fols. 1r - 223r:Title: Book of HoursArtists: Masters of Zweder van Culemborg; Style ofWillem VrelantHand note: Written in Gothic bookhand by two scribesin separate campaigns, the first responsible for fols.1r-14v and 52r-212v, the second for fols. 16r-51v and213r-223rDecoration note: Eleven full-page miniatures edgedin gold and white-streaked blue/rose; Zweder Mastersections feature five historiated initials (1 to 9 lineshigh); Vrelant Master sections feature fifteen historiatedinitials (8 lines high), as well as ornamental initials (1to 4 lines high); borders decorated as in Zweder Mastersections; floral sprays often found in margins; rubrics inred; text in black ink

fols. 3r - 14v:Title: Calendar

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Artist: Masters of Zweder van CulemborgRubric: JanuariusText note: Full calendar, Use of Utrecht, graded (blackand red); saints include George (January 11), Benigne(June 28), Frederick (July 18), and Philibert (August 20)

fols. 16r - 22v:Title: Office of the CrossArtist: Style of Willem VrelantRubric: Incipit officium sancte crucisIncipit: Domine labia mea aperiesDecoration note: Historiated initial "D," fol. 16r

fols. 23r - 29r:Title: Mass of the VirginArtist: Style of Willem VrelantRubric: Incipit missa beate Marie VirginisIncipit: Introibo ad altare DeiDecoration note: Historiated initial "I," fol. 23r

fols. 29r - 34r:Title: Gospel sequencesArtist: Style of Willem VrelantRubric: Initium sancti Euuangelii secundum JohannemGloria tibi domineIncipit: In principio erat verbum

fols. 34v - 38v:Title: Obsecro teArtist: Style of Willem VrelantRubric: Oratio deuota de beata VirgineIncipit: Obsecro te domina sancta Maria Mater DeiDecoration note: Historiated initial "O," fol. 34v

fols. 38v - 41v:Title: O intermerataArtist: Style of Willem VrelantRubric: Alia oratio de beata VirgoIncipit: O intermerata et in eternum benedicta

fols. 41v - 43r:Title: Stabat MaterArtist: Style of Willem Vrelant

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Rubric: Oratio de beata VirgineIncipit: Stabat Mater dolorosa

fols. 43v - 48v:Title: PrayerArtist: Style of Willem VrelantRubric: Oratio deuotissima ad dominum nostrumIhesum XpristumIncipit: O dulcissime domine Ihesu Xpriste uere DeiFilius

fols. 48v - 50v:Title: Seven Last Words of ChristArtist: Style of Willem VrelantRubric: Oratio septem verborum Ihesu XpristiIncipit: Domine Ihesu Xpriste qui septem verba

fols. 52v - 107r:Title: Hours of the Virgin, Use of RomeArtist: Masters of Zweder van CulemborgIncipit: Domine labia mea aperiesDecoration note: Full-page miniatures on fols. 52v, 76v,81v, 85v, 90v, 94v, and 102v; historiated initial "D," fol.53r

fols. 108v - 127v:Title: Long Hours of the Holy SpiritArtist: Masters of Zweder van CulemborgIncipit: Domine labia mea aperiesDecoration note: Full-page miniature on fol. 108v;historiated initial "D," fol. 109r

fols. 128v - 147r:Title: Short Hours of the CrossArtist: Masters of Zweder van CulemborgIncipit: Domine Ihesu Xpriste qui nocturno temporeDecoration note: Full-page miniature on fol. 128v;historiated initial "D," fol. 129r

fols. 148v - 161v:Title: Seven Penitential PsalmsArtist: Masters of Zweder van CulemborgIncipit: Domine ne in furore tuo

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Decoration note: Full-page miniature on fol. 148v;historiated initial "D," fol. 149r

fols. 161v - 165v:Title: Litany and one collectArtist: Masters of Zweder van CulemborgRubric: LetaniaIncipit: Kyrie eleisonText note: Collect on fol. 165v: Protege domine famulostuos subsidiis

fols. 166v - 211v:Title: Office of the DeadArtist: Masters of Zweder van CulemborgRubric: Incipiunt vigilie mortuorumIncipit: Placebo dominoText note: Use unidentifiedDecoration note: Full-page miniature on fol. 166v;historiated initial "D," fol. 167r

fols. 213r - 223r:Title: SuffragesArtist: Style of Willem VrelantRubric: Memoria de Sancto Johanne BaptistaText note: Suffrages to SS. John the Baptist, Jamesthe Great, Christopher, Sebastian, Adrian, George,Ghislain, Catherine, Barbara, Apollonia, Margaret, andAnneDecoration note: Historiated initials on fols. 213r, 213v,214v, 215v, 216v, 217v, 218v, 221r, 222r, and 222v

Decoration fol. 16r:Title: CrucifixionForm: Historiated initial "D," 8 linesText: Hours of the Cross: matinsLabel: This historiated initial is illuminated in the styleof Willem Vrelant.

fol. 23r:Title: Madonna and Child enthronedForm: Historiated initial "I," 8 linesText: Mass of the Virgin: matins

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Label: This historiated initial is illuminated in the styleof Willem Vrelant.

fol. 34v:Title: LamentationForm: Historiated initial "O," 8 linesText: Obsecro teLabel: This historiated initial is illuminated in the styleof Willem Vrelant.

fol. 52v:Title: BetrayalForm: Full-page miniatureText: Hours of the Virgin: matinsLabel: This miniature is illuminated by the Masters ofZweder van Culemborg.

fol. 53r:Title: Madonna and Child in half-length, "clothed in thesun"Form: Historiated initial "D," 9 linesText: Hours of the Virgin: matinsLabel: This historiated initial is illuminated by theMasters of Zweder van Culemborg.

fol. 76v:Title: Christ before PilateForm: Full-page miniatureText: Hours of the Virgin: primeLabel: This miniature is illuminated by the Masters ofZweder van Culemborg.

fol. 81v:Title: FlagellationForm: Full-page miniatureText: Hours of the Virgin: terceLabel: This miniature is illuminated by the Masters ofZweder van Culemborg.

fol. 85v:Title: Christ carrying the CrossForm: Full-page miniatureText: Hours of the Virgin: sext

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Label: This miniature is illuminated by the Masters ofZweder van Culemborg.

fol. 90v:Title: CrucifixionForm: Full-page miniatureText: Hours of the Virgin: noneLabel: This miniature is illuminated by the Masters ofZweder van Culemborg.

fol. 94v:Title: DepositionForm: Full-page miniatureText: Hours of the Virgin: vespers (disassociated fromthe incipit, which starts on fol. 93v)Label: This miniature is illuminated by the Masters ofZweder van Culemborg.

fol. 102v:Title: EntombmentForm: Full-page miniatureText: Hours of the Virgin: compline (disassociated fromthe incipit, which starts on fol. 101v)Label: This miniature is illuminated by the Masters ofZweder van Culemborg.

fol. 108v:Title: TrinityForm: Full-page miniatureText: Hours of the Holy Spirit: matinsLabel: This miniature is illuminated by the Masters ofZweder van Culemborg.

fol. 109r:Title: PentecostForm: Historiated initial "D," 9 linesText: Hours of the Holy Spirit: matinsLabel: This historiated initial is illuminated by theMasters of Zweder van Culemborg.

fol. 128v:Title: Man of Sorrows, surrounded by the Arma ChristiForm: Full-page miniature

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Text: Hours of the Cross: matinsLabel: This miniature is illuminated by the Masters ofZweder van Culemborg.

fol. 129r:Title: NativityForm: Historiated initial "D," 9 linesText: Hours of the Cross: matinsLabel: This historiated initial is illuminated by theMasters of Zweder van Culemborg.

fol. 148v:Title: Last JudgementForm: Full-page miniatureText: Seven Penitential Psalms: First Penitential PsalmLabel: This miniature is illuminated by the Masters ofZweder van Culemborg.

fol. 149r:Title: Christ holding a globe and blessingForm: Historiated initial "D," 9 linesText: Seven Penitential Psalms: First Penitential PsalmLabel: This historiated initial is illuminated by theMasters of Zweder van Culemborg.

fol. 166v:Title: Funeral MassForm: Full-page miniatureText: Office of the Dead: vespersLabel: This miniature is illuminated by the Masters ofZweder van Culemborg.

fol. 167r:Title: Three female souls in purgatoryForm: Historiated initial "D," 8 linesText: Office of the Dead: vespersLabel: This historiated initial is illuminated by theMasters of Zweder van Culemborg.

fol. 213r:Title: St. John the BaptistForm: Historiated initial "I," 8 linesText: Suffrage

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Label: This historiated initial is illuminated in the styleof Willem Vrelant.

fol. 213v:Title: St. James MajorForm: Historiated initial "O," 8 linesText: SuffrageLabel: This historiated initial is illuminated in the styleof Willem Vrelant.

fol. 214v:Title: St. ChristopherForm: Historiated initial "A," 8 linesText: SuffrageLabel: This historiated initial is illuminated in the styleof Willem Vrelant.

fol. 215v:Title: St. SebastianForm: Historiated initial "O," 8 linesText: SuffrageLabel: This historiated initial is illuminated in the styleof Willem Vrelant.

fol. 216v:Title: St. AdrianForm: Historiated initial "A," 8 linesText: SuffrageLabel: This historiated initial is illuminated in the styleof Willem Vrelant.

fol. 217v:Title: St. GeorgeForm: Historiated initial "G," 8 linesText: SuffrageLabel: This historiated initial is illuminated in the styleof Willem Vrelant.

fol. 218v:Title: St. GhislainForm: Historiated initial "S," 8 linesText: Suffrage

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Label: This historiated initial is illuminated in the styleof Willem Vrelant.

fol. 219r:Title: St. CatherineForm: Historiated initial "I," 8 linesText: SuffrageLabel: This historiated initial is illuminated in the styleof Willem Vrelant.

fol. 220r:Title: St. BarbaraForm: Historiated initial "A," 8 linesText: SuffrageLabel: This historiated initial is illuminated in the styleof Willem Vrelant.

fol. 221r:Title: St. ApolloniaForm: Historiated initial "V," 8 linesText: SuffrageLabel: This historiated initial is illuminated in the styleof Willem Vrelant.

fol. 222r:Title: St. MargaretForm: Historiated initial "A," 8 linesText: SuffrageLabel: This historiated initial is illuminated in the styleof Willem Vrelant.

fol. 222v:Title: St. Anne teaching the Virgin to readForm: Historiated initial "C," 8 linesText: SuffrageLabel: This historiated initial is illuminated in the styleof Willem Vrelant.

Binding The binding is original.

Bound in fifteenth-century Flanders (Bruges); black calfskincovering beech boards; blind panel-stamping laid out in twopanels on both boards, each panel displaying two vine-scrolls

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in mirror image of each other containing a bird, a rabbitcouchant, a cock, a deer couchant, and a pelican in piety; bothpanels surrounded by the inscription "Ora pro nobis sancta /Dei genitrix ut / digni efficamur promis / sione Xpristi";between panels a smaller compartment composed of threestamps displaying a wivern couchant, St. Margaret emergingfrom the dragon, and a gryphon rampant; all edges gilt;indications of a central fastening, now a pair of late Gothicbrass catch-and-strap clasps hinging from lower board

Provenance Created in two phases, with the original part made ca.1430-35 and the second part made in the late fifteenthcentury; calendar for Utrecht suggests original site ofproduction

Libraire Morgand no. 26084, nineteenth century

Acquisition Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters bequest

Bibliography De Ricci, Seymour. Census of Medieval and RenaissanceManuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. NewYork: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935, p. 794, no. 235.

Byvanck, A. W. "Kroniek der Noord-NederlandscheMiniaturen, III." Oudheidkundig Jaarboek, 4th series, 10(1940): 36, figs. 12-14 (fols. 108v, 52v, and 53r).

Byvanck, A. W. De Middeleeuwsche Boekillustratie in deNoordelijke Nederlanden. Antwerp: De Sikkel, 1943, pp.29-31, figs. 21, 22 (fols. 52v, 53r).

Wadsworth Athenaeum Museum of Art. Life of ChristExhibition Catalog March-April, 1948. Hartford, CT:Wadsworth Athenaeum, 1948, p. 3, no. 182.

Walters Art Gallery. Illuminated Books of the Middle Agesand Renaissance: An Exhibition Held at the BaltimoreMuseum of Art. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters ArtGallery, 1949, no. 121, pl. L (fol. 108v).

Panofsky, Erwin. Early Netherlandish Painting, its Originsand Character. Vol. 1. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UniversityPress, 1953, p. 102, n. 4; p. 103, n. 4.

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Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Medieval andRenaissance Illuminated Manuscripts Loan ExhibitionNovember 25, 1953-January 9, 1954. Los Angeles: LosAngeles County Museum of Art, 1954, no. 73 (fol. 76v).

Miner, Dorothy. "Dutch Illuminated Manuscripts in theWalters Art Gallery." Connoisseur Yearbook (1955): 74-5,fig. x (fol. 76v).

Diringer, David. The Illuminated Book. London, 1958, p.443, pl. VII-31.

Rijksmuseum. Middeleeuwse Kunst der NoordelijkeNederlanden. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 1958, no. 156, fig.81.

Oberlin College. Spring Bulletin 1960, p. 104, no. 22; p. 107(fol. 76v).

Hoogewerff, G. J. Gelderse miniatuurschildes in de eerstehelft van de XVde eeuw. Oud Holland 76 (1961): 47, figs.37, 38 (fols. 52v, 53r).

Kessler, Herbert L. A Book of Hours from the Atelier ofWillem Vrelant. Scriptorium 18 (1964): 98, pl. 16a (fol.215v).

Delaisse, L. M. J. A Century of Dutch ManuscriptIllumination. California Studies in the History of Art 6.Berkley and Los Angeles: University of California Press,1968, pp. 26, 46, n. 84, figs. 36, 37 (fols. 52v, 76v).

Wieck, Roger S. Time Sanctified: The Book of Hours inMedieval Art and Life. New York: George Braziller, 1988,pp. 127, 220-221, fig. 113 (fols. 166v-167r).

Marrow, James H., Henri L. M. Defoer, Anne S. Korteweg,and Wilhelmina C. M. Wüstefeld. The Golden Age of DutchManuscript Painting. New York: George Braziller, 1990, pp.115-116, no. 37.

Fisher, Carol, and Kathleen L. Scott, eds. Art into Life:Collected Papers from the Kresge Art Museum MedievalSymposia. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State UniversityPress, 1995, pp. 168-169 (fols. 166v, 167r).

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Binski, Paul. Medieval Death: Ritual and Representation.London: British Museum Press, 1996, pl. 3 (fols. 166v-167r).

Ketelsen, Thomas, and Uta Neidhardt. Das Geheimnis desJan van Eyck. Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2005, p. 92,Abb. 2 (fol. 52v).

Gottler, Christine. Last Things: Art and ReligiousImagination in the Age of Reform. Proteus 2. Turnhout,Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2010.

Contributors Principal cataloger: Marrow, JamesCatalogers: Devine, Alex; Hedeman, Anne D.; Herbert,Lynley; Walters Art Museum curatorial staff and researcherssince 1934Editor: Noel, WilliamCopy editor: Bockrath, DianeConservators: Owen, Linda; Quandt, AbigailContributors: Bockrath, Diane; Boot, Christine; Dutschke,Consuelo; Emery, Doug; Noel, William; Pizzinato, Riccardo;Tabritha, Ariel; Toth, Michael B.; Valle, Chiara

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcodePublished 2009

The Walters Art Museum600 N. Charles StreetBaltimore, Maryland

21201http://www.thewalters.org/

This document is a digital facsimile of selections from a manuscript belonging to the Walters ArtMuseum, in Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States. It is one of a number of manuscriptsthat have been digitized as part of a project generously funded by the National Endowment forthe Humanities, and by an anonymous donor to the Walters Art Museum. More details aboutthe manuscripts at the Walters can be found by visiting The Walters Art Museum's websitewww.thewalters.org. For further information about this book, and online resources for Waltersmanuscripts, please contact us through the Walters Website by email, and ask for your message tobe directed to the Department of Manuscripts.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcodePublished 2009

The Walters Art Museum600 N. Charles StreetBaltimore, Maryland

21201http://www.thewalters.org/