Book of hours, Walters Art Museum MS. W.102

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcodePublished 2011

A digital facsimile of Walters Ms. W.102, Book of hours

Published by: The Walters Art Museum600 N. Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21201

http://www.thewalters.org/

This document is a digital facsimile of a manuscript belonging to the Walters Art Museum, inBaltimore, Maryland, in the United States. It is one of a number of manuscripts that have beendigitized as part of a project generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities,and by an anonymous donor to the Walters Art Museum. More details about the manuscripts atthe Walters can be found by visiting The Walters Art Museum's website www.thewalters.org. Forfurther information about this book, and online resources for Walters manuscripts, please contactus through the Walters Website by email, and ask for your message to be directed to the Departmentof Manuscripts.

Generated: 2012-11-01 12:23 -04:00

Shelf mark Walters Art Museum Ms. W.102

Descriptive Title Book of hours

Text title Book of hours

Abstract This finely illuminated and iconographically rich book ofhours was made in England at the end of the thirteenthcentury. The manuscript is incomplete and misbound. Itsmain artist can also be found at work in a Bible (Oxford,Bodleian Library Ms. Auct. D.3.2) and a psalter (Cambridge,Trinity College Cambridge Ms. O.4.16). The manuscriptcontains a number of unusual texts, including the Hours ofJesus Crucified and the Office of St. Catherine. The patron ofthe manuscript is not clear; a woman is depicted as prayingin many of the initials, but rubrics in the Office of theDead mention "freres" (brothers). The imagery is inventive,and the Hours of Christ Crucified are graced with imagesdepicting the funeral of Reynard the Fox in its margins. In theabsence of a calendar, it is not possible to locate the originof the manuscript precisely.

Date Ca. 1300 CE

Origin England

Form Book

Genre Devotional

Language The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. Thesecondary language of this manuscript is French, Old (842-ca.1400).

Support material Parchment

Medium-weight parchment

Extent Foliation: ii+104+iNineteenth-century pen foliation in upper right corners ofrectos (followed here); second flyleaf foliated as fol. 1, withfoliation consequently ending at fol. 105; twentieth-centuryfoliation in pencil in lower left corners of rectos

Collation Formula: Undetermined

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Catchwords: Occasionally found on versos of the last foliosof quires in the bottom right margins

Comments: Binding too tight to reconstruct the originalarrangement of quires

Dimensions 18.7 cm wide by 26.7 cm high

Written surface 12.2 cm wide by 17.0 cm high

Layout Columns: 1Ruled lines: 19

Contents fols. 2r - 105v:Title: Book of hoursText note: The original sequence of the parts of thismanuscript cannot be reconstructed with certainty. TheAbbreviated Hours were followed by the Hours of theHoly Spirit, the Seven Penitential Psalms, the litany andcollects, the Fifteen Gradual Psalms, the Office of theDead, and the Hours of Jesus Crucified. Whether thePrayers to the Crucified Christ, which were followed bythe lections in the life of St. Catharine, came before orafter this sequence is an unanswered question.Hand note: Written in Gothic bookhand (textura semi-quadrata)Decoration note: One half-page line drawing; thirty-two historiated initials; minor decorated initials; linefillers; marginalia

fols. 2r - 3v; 73v - 84v:Title: Hours of Jesus CrucifiedRubric: Si commence les hures de Iesu crucifie lesqueles si hume die chescun iur e pense de sa passiun keil suffri a cheun hure il ne murra mie de male mortIncipit: Gracias tibi ago domine Iesu Chisti cuius gratia(fol. 73v)Contents: Text has been scrambled; correct order asfollows: fols. 73v-84v, 2r-3vDecoration note: Eight historiated initials; minordecorated initials; line fillers; marginalia

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fols. 4r - 12r:Title: Prayers to the Crucified ChristRubric: Ci commence le preface avant remembreIncipit: In nomine domini omne genuflectatur celestiumDecoration note: Nine historiated initials; numerousminor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia

fols. 12v - 15v; 94r - 105v:Title: Lections in the life of St. Catharine, canonicalhours in her honor, and miscellaneous prayersRubric: De Seint Katerine a vespres les psaumes ferialeIncipit: Ave virginum gemma Katerina flosDecoration note: One half-page line drawing; onehistoriated initial; line fillers; marginalia

fols. 16r - 16v; 86r - 86v; 87r - 90v; 91r - 91v; 92r - 93v:Title: Hours of the VirginIncipit: ... letentur celi et exultet terraContents: Incomplete; text has been scrambled; correctorder as follows: fols. 87r-90v, 92r-93v, 86r-v, 16r-v,91r-vText note: Use of RomeDecoration note: Three historiated initials; numerousminor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia

fols. 17r - 21v:Title: Abbreviated HoursIncipit: Dixit autem Maria ad angelumContents: IncompleteText note: Augustinian UseDecoration note: Minor decorated initials; line fillers;marginalia

fols. 21v - 26v; 35r - 35v; 41r - 43r; 85r - 85v:Title: Hours of the Holy SpiritRubric: Ci commencent les Hures del Seint EspiritIncipit: Sanctus Spiritus assit nobis gratiaContents: Incomplete; text has been scrambled; correctorder as follows: fols. 21v-26v, 85r-v, 35r-v, 41r-43rDecoration note: Seven historiated initials; numerousminor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia

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fols. 27r - 27v; 40r - 40v; 43r - 48v:Title: Seven Penitential PsalmsRubric: Ci commencent les Set PsaumesIncipit: Ne reminiscaris (fol. 43r)Text note: Text has been scrambled; correct order asfollows: fols. 43r-48v, 40r-v, 27r-vDecoration note: One historiated initial; minordecorated initials; line fillers; marginalia

fols. 28r - 30v; 36r - 38v:Title: Litany and collectsIncipit: KyrieleisonText note: Franciscan adaptation of the Roman litanyDecoration note: Minor decorated initials; historiatedline fillers; marginalia

fols. 31r - 34v; 39r - 39v; 49r - 51r:Title: Fifteen Gradual PsalmsRubric: Ci commencent les Quinze PsaumesPenitencialesIncipit: Ad dominum cum tribulare clamavi (fol. 39r)Contents: Text has been scrambled; correct order asfollows: fols. 39r-v, 31r-34v, 49r-51rDecoration note: Minor decorated initials; line fillers;marginalia

fols. 51r - 73r:Title: Office of the DeadRubric: Ci commence le Office pur les MorzIncipit: Legem [sic] cui omnia vivunt, Venite adoremusText note: Use of RomeDecoration note: Three historiated initials; line fillers;marginalia

Decoration fol. 2r:Title: Initial "D" with Tree of JesseForm: Historiated initial "D," 6 linesText: Hours of Jesus Crucified: compline

fol. 4r:Title: Initial "V" with CrucifixionForm: Historiated initial "V," 5 lines

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Text: Prayers to the Crucified Christ

fol. 5r:Title: Initial "D" with Carrying of the CrossForm: Historiated initial "D," 5 linesText: Prayers to the Crucified Christ

fol. 6r:Title: Initial "D" with CrucifixionForm: Historiated initial "D," 6 linesText: Prayers to the Crucified Christ

fol. 6v:Title: Initial "D" with Trinity (throne of mercy)Form: Historiated initial "D," 6 linesText: Prayers to the Crucified Christ

fol. 7v:Title: Three Marys at the sepulcherForm: Historiated initial "D," 7 linesText: Prayers to the Crucified Christ

fol. 8r:Title: Harrowing of hellForm: Historiated initial "D," 6 linesText: Prayers to the Crucified Christ

fol. 9r:Title: Joseph and Mary before Christ in the TempleForm: Historiated initial "D," 6 linesText: Prayers to the Crucified Christ

fol. 10v:Title: King David before God, pointing to his tongueForm: Historiated initial "D," 6 linesText: Prayer (Psalm 38)

fol. 12r:Title: Kneeling woman before Christ-LogosForm: Historiated initial "C," 6 linesText: Prayer for the priest before mass

fol. 13v:Title: Learned doctors of Alexandria before EmperorMaxentius

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Form: Historiated initial "M," 6 linesText: Lections in the life of St. Catherine: first lesson

fol. 16r:Title: Woman kneeling in prayer at an altarForm: Historiated initial "D," 4 linesText: Hours of the Virgin: sext

fol. 22r:Title: Two tonsured men singing from a book before analtarForm: Historiated initial "D," 6 linesText: Hours of the Holy Spirit: matins

fol. 28r:Title: Elephant and castleForm: Line fillerText: Litany

fol. 28v:Title: AdamForm: Line fillerText: Litany

fol. 29r:Title: Head of Christ; St. Stephen playing chessForm: Line fillerText: Litany

fol. 29v:Title: Romulus and Remus; ape riding a bearForm: Line fillersText: Litany

fol. 30v:Title: St. Margaret swallowed by a dragonForm: Line fillerText: Litany

fol. 33v:Title: Scribal error correctedForm: MarginaliaText: Fifteen Gradual Psalms

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fol. 35v:Title: Woman prayingForm: Historiated initial "D," 3 linesText: Hours of the Holy Spirit: vespers

fol. 39r:Title: Decapitation of a manForm: Historiated initial "A," 7 linesText: Fifteen Gradual Psalms

fol. 39v:Title: Scribal error correctedForm: MarginaliaText: Fifteen Gradual Psalms

fol. 42r:Title: Woman prayingForm: Historiated initial "D," 3 linesText: Hours of the Holy Spirit: compline

fol. 43r:Title: Christ with a cleric holding a bookForm: Historiated initial "D," 6 linesText: Seven Penitential Psalms

fol. 51r:Title: Two monks chantingForm: Historiated initial "V," 3 linesText: Office of the Dead: matins

fol. 55r:Title: Funeral serviceForm: Historiated initial "P," 5 linesText: Office of the Dead: matins and lauds

fol. 70r:Title: Two men kneeling in prayerForm: Historiated initial "D," 4 linesText: Office of the Dead: vespers

fol. 73r:Title: Sheep ringing bells, from a marginal cycle ofimages of the funeral of Renard the FoxForm: Marginalia

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Text: Office of the Dead

fol. 73v:Title: Betrayal; elephant as a pilgrim, from a marginalcycle of images of the funeral of Renard the FoxForm: Historiated initial "D," 7 lines; marginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified: matins

fol. 74r:Title: Flagellation; bull blowing a horn, from a marginalcycle of images of the funeral of Renard the FoxForm: Historiated initial "D," 7 lines; marginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified: lauds

fol. 74v:Title: Horse playing a flute and drum, from a marginalcycle of images of the funeral of Renard the FoxForm: MarginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified

fol. 75r:Title: Ass playing a recorder and bell, from a marginalcycle of images of the funeral of Renard the FoxForm: MarginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified

fol. 75v:Title: Dog playing bagpipes, from a marginal cycle ofimages of the funeral of Renard the FoxForm: MarginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified

fol. 76r:Title: Christ Carrying the Cross; ape family, from amarginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard theFoxForm: Historiated initial "D," 7 lines; marginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified: prime

fol. 76v:Title: Brechimer the Stag carrying the back of Renardthe Fox's bier, from a marginal cycle of images of thefuneral of Renard the FoxForm: Marginalia

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Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified

fol. 77r:Title: Tibert the Cat carrying the front of Renard theFox's bier, from a marginal cycle of images of thefuneral of Renard the FoxForm: MarginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified

fol. 77v:Title: Crucifixion; Chanticleer the Cock swinging acenser, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeralof Renard the FoxForm: Historiated initial "D," 7 lines; marginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified: terce

fol. 78r:Title: Ysengrin the Wolf as a bishop, from a marginalcycle of images of the funeral of Renard the FoxForm: MarginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified

fol. 78v:Title: Cat beating a cymbal, from a marginal cycle ofimages of the funeral of Renard the FoxForm: MarginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified

fol. 79r:Title: Goat carrying a crucifix, from a marginal cycle ofimages of the funeral of Renard the FoxForm: MarginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified

fol. 79v:Title: Deposition; bear blowing a horn, from a marginalcycle of images of the funeral of Renard the FoxForm: Historiated initial "D," 7 lines; marginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified: sext

fol. 80r:Title: Ram, with situla, sprinkling holy water with anaspergillum, from a marginal cycle of images of thefuneral of Renard the Fox

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Form: MarginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified

fol. 80v:Title: Boar digging a grave, from a marginal cycle ofimages of the funeral of Renard the FoxForm: MarginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified

fol. 81r:Title: Rabbit tolling church bells, from a marginal cycleof images of the funeral of Renard the FoxForm: MarginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified

fol. 81v:Title: Entombment; marginal figure in combatForm: Historiated initial "D," 6 lines; marginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified: none

fol. 82r:Title: Naked marginal figure in combatForm: MarginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified

fol. 82v:Title: Centaur firing an arrowForm: MarginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified

fol. 83r:Title: WrestlersForm: MarginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified

fol. 83v:Title: GrotesqueForm: MarginaliaText: Hours of Jesus Crucified

fol. 85v:Title: Woman prayingForm: Historiated initial "D," 3 linesText: Hours of the Holy Spirit: none

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fol. 88v:Title: Woman prayingForm: Historiated initial "D," 4 linesText: Hours of the Virgin: prime

fol. 92v:Title: Woman prayingForm: Historiated initial "D," 4 linesText: Hours of the Virgin: terce

fol. 105v:Title: Martyrdom of St. LawrenceForm: Half-page line drawingText: Miscellaneous prayers

Binding The binding is not original.

Early twentieth-century worn red velvet over pasteboard

Provenance Created in England, ca. 1300, for an unknown patron

Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased ca. 1930

Acquisition Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest

Bibliography De Ricci, Seymour. Census of Medieval and RenaissanceManuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. NewYork: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935, no. 169, p. 784.

Walters Art Gallery. Illuminated Books of the Middle Agesand Renaissance: An Exhibition Held at the BaltimoreMuseum of Art. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters ArtGallery, 1949, p. 56, no. 153.

Brieger, Peter H. English Art 1216-1307. Oxford: ClarendonPress, 1957, p. 222.

Diringer, David. The Illuminated Book. London:Philosophical Library, 1957, p. 273.

McCulloch, Florence. "The Funeral of Renart the Fox in aWalters Book of Hours." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery25-26 (1962-1963): 8-27.

Randall, L. M. C. "Humor and Fantasy in the Margins of anEnglish Book of Hours." Apollo 58 (1966): 482-488.

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Sandler, Lucy Freeman, and J. J. G. Alexander. A Surveyof Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles. GothicManuscripts 1285-1385. Vol. 5. London: Harvey Miller,1986, pp. 24-26, no. 15.

Alexander, J. J. G., and Paul Binski, eds. Age of Chivalry: Artin Plantagenet England 1200-1400. London: Royal Academyof Arts, 1987, pp. 356-357, no. 359.

Wieck, Roger S. Time Sanctified: The Book of Hours inMedieval Art and Life. New York: George Braziller, 1988,pp. 102, 221-222.

Camille, Michael. Image on the Edge: The Marginsof Medieval Art. London: Reaktion; Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press, 1992, pp. 23-30.

Mellinkoff, Ruth. Outcasts: Signs of Otherness in NorthernEuropean Art of the Late Middle Ages. Vol. 2. Berkeley,Calif.: University of California Press, 1993, no. IX.3.

Varty, Kenneth. Reynard, Renart, Reinart: And Other Foxesin Medieval England. Amsterdam, Amsterdam UniversityPress; London: Eurospan, 1999, p. 141.

Contributors Principal catalogers: Noel, William; Smith, KathrynCataloger: Walters Art Museum curatorial staff andresearchers since 1934Editors: Herbert, Lynley; Noel, WilliamCopy editor: Bockrath, DianeConservators: Owen, Linda; Quandt, AbigailContributors: Bockrath, Diane; Dutschke, Consuelo; Emery,Doug; Noel, William; Tabritha, Ariel; Toth, Michael B.

This document is a digital facsimile of a manuscript belonging to the Walters Art Museum, inBaltimore, Maryland, in the United States. It is one of a number of manuscripts that have beendigitized as part of a project generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities,and by an anonymous donor to the Walters Art Museum. More details about the manuscripts atthe Walters can be found by visiting The Walters Art Museum's website www.thewalters.org. Forfurther information about this book, and online resources for Walters manuscripts, please contactus through the Walters Website by email, and ask for your message to be directed to the Departmentof Manuscripts.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcodePublished 2009

The Walters Art Museum600 N. Charles StreetBaltimore, Maryland

21201http://www.thewalters.org/