Blu ray disc complete

Done By:

Yogesh Kumar Goyal

Inside this Article

foundation Disc Characteristics Advantages Basic Formats Techanology

D

Foundation

The Name

The blu-ray name is a combination of “blue”, for the color of the laser that is used and “ray” for optical ray.

The “e” in “blue” was purposefully left off, according to the manufacturers, because an everyday word cannot be a trademark.

Foundation Blu-Ray

The first blue laser was developed in 1996 by Shuji Nakamura (Nichia Corporation)

In 2002, an alliance was formed, called the Blu-ray Disc Association, including the likes of Sony, Samsung, Sharp, Hewlett-Packard, and Royal Phillips

Disc Characteristics Diameter: 120 mm Thickness: 1.2 mm Center hole diameter:

15 mm Uses GaN laser of

wavelength 400 nm The smaller laser,

compared to the DVD and CD, keeps the process more efficient (~5 mW)

Storage Capacity

A single-layer Blu-ray disc has storage capacity 25GB

A dual-layer BD can hold data up to 50GB

510

Single Sided, Single-Layer Single Sided, Dual-Layer

Advantages

Instantly skip to any spot on the disc

Record one program while watching another on the disc

Edit or reorder programs recorded on the disc

Automatically search for an empty space on the disc

Advantages Blu-ray also has a higher data

transfer rate - 36 Mbps than today's DVDs, which transfer at 10 Mbps

Record high-definition television (HDTV) without any quality loss.

Access the Web to download subtitles and other extra features.

Blu-ray Discs unprecedented scratch resistance.

Advantages

Security Blu-ray discs are

better armed than current DVDs. They come equipped with a secure encryption system -- a unique ID that protects against video piracy and copyright infringement.

And many more………

Basic Formats

Unlike DVDs and CDs, which started with read-only formats and only later added recordable and re-writable formats, Blu-ray is initially designed in several different formats:

BD-ROM (read-only) - for pre-recorded content

BD-R (recordable) - for PC data storage BD-RW (rewritable) - for PC data storage BD-RE (rewritable) - for HDTV recording

Need of blu ray technology A current, single-sided, standard DVD can hold

4.7 GB of information. That's about the size of an average two-hour, standard-definition movie with a few extra features. But a high-definition movie, which has a much clearer image, takes up about five times more bandwidth and therefore requires a disc with about five times more storage. As TV sets and movie studios make the move to high definition, consumers are going to need playback systems with a lot more storage capacity.

THE TECHNOLOGY

Pits : spiral grooves that run from the centre of the disc to its edges

Bumps : other sides of these edges.

Track pitch : it is the distance between the two tracks (of pits) on the surface.

--------------------------------

Disc store digitally encoded data in PITS.

--------------------------------

THE TECHNOLOGY

So, in blu-ray disc:Pit size – 0.15

microns ( more than twice as small as the pits on DVD )

Track-pitch is : 0.32 microns

Laser needed : blue-violet laser (405 nm)

Data transfer rate : 36 Mbps

Hard-coating technology

In January 2004 was introduced a clear polymer coating that gives Blu-ray Discs unprecedented scratch resistance. The coating was developed by TDK Corporation and is called "Durabis". It allows BDs to be cleaned safely with only a tissue.

Hard-coating technology Hard-coating technology provides resistance

to:- Finger prints- Marks- Scratches- Dust

Various hard coating technologies make Bly ray disc most durable and family -friendly”

Much more ROBUST than today’s polycarbonate-based CD/DVD’s (and HD DVD’s)

Opinions and the Future of Blu-ray Blu-ray discs will definitely change the future

of the video industry The Blu-ray discs have won the battle

against HD DVDs and will continue to grow Eventually Replace the DVDs as the

standard disc format Enjoying the high-definition quality of Blu-

rays will become a new form of entertainment in the future

How Blu-ray Reads Data

The Blu-ray disc overcomes DVD-reading issues by placing the data on top of a 1.1-mm-thick polycarbonate layer. Having the data on top prevents birefringence and therefore prevents readability problems. And, with the recording layer sitting closer to the objective lens of the reading mechanism, the problem of disc tilt is virtually eliminated. Because the data is closer to the surface, a hard coating is placed on the outside of the disc to protect it from scratches and fingerprints.

Laser and optics or physics

Blu-ray systems use a blue-violet laser operating at a wavelength of 405 nm, similar to the one used for HD DVD, to read and write data. Conventional DVDs and CDs use red and infrared lasers at 650 nm and 780 nm respectively.

DO MORE WITH BLU…

More capacity, Density and Performance More Industry Support/Consumer Reach

(BDA has 140+ members) More Durable More Interactive User Experience More Flexible Content Protection: AAC,

BD+ Renewability Technology and ROM Mark

Blu-ray Technology

Name

Derived from the blue-violet laser used to read and write data.

Developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association with more than 180 members.

Dell Sony LG

Blu-ray Technology Cont.

Data capacity Because Blu-ray uses

a blue laser(405 nanometers) instead of a red laser(650 nanometers) this allows the data tracks on the disc to be very compact.

This allows for more than twice as small pits as on a DVD.

Blu-ray Technology Cont. Data Capacity Cont.

Because of the greatly compact data Blu-ray can hold almost 5 times more data than a single layer DVD. Close to 25 GB!

Just like a DVD Blu-ray can also be recorded in Dual-Layer format. This allows the disk to hold up to 50 GB!!

Because the polycarbonate layer of the Blu-ray disc is so much larger than a DVD because the recording layer is so much smaller it can have even more than two layers.

Blu-ray Technology Cont.

Writing Data Blu-ray uses a

combination of two lenses to greatly shrink the laser to read the data.

This also allows for higher data rate transfer close to 36 mbps.

It could record 25 GB of data in an hour an a half.

Description of Blu-ray

Based on phenomenon that using lasers with shorter wavelengths would enable optical storage with higher density

Practically, this is done by decreasing the wavelength, increasing the numerical aperture from 0.60 to 0.85 and making the cover layer thinner to avoid unwanted optical effects.

This allows more information to be stored in the same area.

Description of Blu-ray (Cont)

Standard single-disc size is 25GB compared to DVD’s 4.7GB

More scratch-resistant compared to DVDs Forced in part due to Blu-ray’s data layer

being closer to the surface of the disc.

History of Blu-ray

First prototype unveiled at the CEATEC exhibition in Oct 2000

First consumer devices released in Apr 2003

First titles released in June 2006 Toshiba ended support for HD DVD in Feb

2008, effectively ceding format wars to Blu-ray

Positive Aspects about Blu-ray

More data can be stored into fewer discs. Higher quality movies Incorporated copy protection technology

may allow companies to lower costs of discs due to decreased chance of piracy

What are Blu-ray Discs?

•Blu-ray is a format for storing data on opticaldisks

•Data is written using a blue-violet laser, givingthe format its name

•Using the Blu-ray format, 25 Gigabytes (GB) ofdata can be written onto a single-layer, single-sided disk, as opposed to 4.7GB on a DVD, or15GB on an HD-DVD

Background Information

1998 – Release of High-Definition Televisions Shuji Nakamura Invents blue LED technology but kept off

market due to patent problems The first DVR Blue prototypes unveiled at the CEATEC

exhibition in October 2000 The DVD Forum deeply split over whether to develop blue

laser technology because of its higher expense. Sony includes blu-ray players in PlayStation3 – although HD

DVD head starts in the high-definition video market, this changed the game

 By February 2008, Toshiba withdrew its support for the HD DVD format, leaving Blu-ray the victor

Red Laser vs. Blue Laser

• In optical storage, data is written into many small pitsunder the surface layer of the disk

• The shorter wavelength of the blue-violet laser used in Blu-Ray technology allows smaller pits to be used

• Smaller pits means more can be fit on a disk, so more datacan be stored

Normal Red Laser as used on CDs and DVDsWavelength: 650 nm

Blue-violet laser as used in Blu-ray technologyWavelength: 405nm

Benefits of Blu-ray Discs

Significantly increased storage space (50GB vs. today's 4.7GB)

Has the potential to store 500GB on multiple layers

Has the potential of up to 54MB/s read and write speeds

Allows for high definition 1080p movies to be marketed

Criticisms Critics say Sony is more concerned with royalties than

creating the best technology for the consumer Manufacturing Blu-Ray discs requires new machinery,

while alternatives like HD-DVD can be produced on existing DVD equipment

In the interest of copy-protection, companies have included over-protective DRM that has caused some consumers to experience problems playing purchased discs in their players

Bill Gates: “the protection scheme under Blu-ray is very anti-consumer”

bibliographywww.google.comwww.bluray.com

Thanks for listening

On GAURD

Blu-ray discs are better armed than current DVD’s. They come equipped with a secure encryption system– a unique ID that protects against video piracy and copyright infringement.

FEATURES OF BD

With BD we can: Record HDTV without any quality loss Instantly skip to any spot on disc Record one program while watching other on the disc Create playlists Edit or reorder programs recorded on disc Automatically search for an empty space on the disc to

avoid recording over a program Access to web to download subtitles and other extra

features And many more…

HISTORY 1st GENERATION:Compact disc (CD): --- 650/700 MBIt is with us for over 20 years.Wavelength of laser which reads data:

780 nmColor of laser: Red 2nd GENERATION:Digital versatile disc (DVD): --- 4.7 GBIt offers high quality sound and video

than CD.Wavelength of laser which reads data:

650 nmColor of laser: Red

3rd GENERATION:

Blu-ray disc (BD): --- 25/50 GB-Next generation optical disc format.-Developed by blu-ray disc association

(which includes Apple, Hitachi, HP, LG, Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony)

-Wavelength of laser which reads data: 405 nm

-Color of laser: Blue-violet which was developed by

SHUJI NAKAMURA at NICHIA CORPORATION

ADVANTAGES

It can store 25 GB of data on each layer

50 GB on dual layer disc There is about 9 hours of

high definition video on a dual layer Blu-ray disc

It can store 30% more capacity than HD-DVD

DISADVANTAGES Discs are more costly to produce than HD-DVDs The cheapest Blu-ray players run about 500-600

dollars at this time and cheaper players such as the Samsung BD-P100 has been getting very mixed reviews

Discs are still distributed by regions

FUTURE

TDK (Tokyo Denkikagaku Kogyo Corporation) recently announced that they have created a working Blu-ray disc capable of holding 200GB of data (six 33GB data layers).

Compatibility

This issue has introduced a competitor, the HD-DVD, that based its technology around being compatible with the DVD

Recently the BDA has developed recorders that are BD/DVD/CD compatible

JVC has advanced the BD by developing a BD/DVD combo disc that stores both DVD and BD data. It is composed of two DVD layers and a third BD layer storing 33.5 GB total

Variations and Sizes

A single-layer Blu-ray disc (BD) has enough storage capacity (25GB) for approximately two hours of high-definition video with audio.

A dual-layer (50GB) BD can hold enough data for approximately four hours of HD video.

TDK recently announced that they have created a working Blu-ray disc capable of holding 200GB of data (six 33GB data layers).

Disc Characteristics

Single layer: 25 GBDual layer: 50 GB

Diameter: 120 mm Thickness: 1.2 mm Center hole diameter:

15 mm Uses GaN laser of

wavelength 400 nm The smaller laser,

compared to the DVD and CD, keeps the process more efficient (~5 mW)

record one program while watching another on the disc .

automatically search for an empty space on the disc to avoid recording over a program.

access the Web to download subtitles and other extra features.

Features of blu ray disk

The design of the Blu-ray discs saves on manufacturing costs. Traditional DVDs are built by injection molding the two 0.6-mm discs between which the recording layer is sandwiched. The process must be done very carefully to prevent birefringence.

1) The two discs are molded.

2) The recording layer is added to one of the discs.

3) The two discs are glued together.

Blu-ray discs only do the injection-molding process on a single 1.1-mm disc, which reduces cost. That savings balances out the cost of adding the protective layer, so the end price is no more than the price of a regular DVD.

Blu-ray also has a higher data transfer rate -- 36 Mbps (megabits per second) -- than today's DVDs, which transfer at 10 Mbps. A Blu-ray disc can record 25 GB of material in just over an hour and a half.

Future

Expect the BD to become more prevalent once the HDTV market establishes its presence

Audio and video will reach higher qualities with larger storage space

Look for BD with more than two layers as the technology is further refined

TYPES OF BD

SINGLE LAYER :- Can hold data up to 25/27 GB that means 2

hrs of HD video or about 13 hrs of standard video.

DOUBLE LAYER :- Can hold data up to 50 GB that means 4.5

hrs of HD video or more than 20 hrs of standard video.

BLU RAY ‘S DURABILITY ADVANTAGE Various hard coating technologies make Bly ray disc

most durable and family -friendly” Hard-coating technology provides resistance to:

- Finger prints

- Marks

- Scratches

- Dust Much more ROBUST than today’s polycarbonate-

based CD/DVD’s (and HD DVD’s)