-
Occupational Wage Survey
SOUTH BEND, INDIANAMARCH 1961
Bulletin No. 1285-54
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg,
Secretory
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner
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I fNew England Region18 Oliver Screet Boston 10, Mass.
I Liberty 2-2113
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Occupational Wage Survey
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA
MARCH 1961
Bulletin No. 1285-54May 1961
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg,
Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 20 cents
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Preface
The C om m unity W age Survey P ro g ra m
The B ureau o f L ab or S ta tistics regu la r ly condu cts
areaw ide w age su rvey s in a num ber o f im portan t in d u str
ia l cen te rs . The stud ies, m ade fr o m late fa ll to ea r ly
spring , re la te to occu p ation a l earn ings and re la ted
supplem entary ben efits . A p re lim in a ry re p o rt is ava ilab
le on com p le tion o f the study in each area , usu ally in the m
onth fo llow in g the p a y ro ll p e r io d studied. T h is bu
lletin p rov id es additional data not in cluded in the e a r lie r
re p o rt . A con so lid a ted an a lytica l bu lletin su m m ariz
in g the resu lts o f a ll o f the y e a r 's su rvey s is is su e
d a fter com p le tion o f the final a rea bu lletin fo r the cu
rren t round o f su rv e y s .
T h is re p o rt w as p rep a red in the B u reau 's reg ion a l
o f f ic e in C h icago, 111., by W oodrow C . Linn, under the d
ire c t io n o f G eorg e E. V otava, A ssis ta n t R eg ion a l D
ir e c to r fo r W ages and In dustria l R elation s .
Contents
Page
In troduction
_________________________________________________________________
1W age tren ds fo r se le cte d occu p ation a l grou ps
_________________________ 3
T a b les :
2
2
A: O ccupationa l earn ings :*A - 1. O ffice occu pation s
_______________________________A - 2. P r o fe s s io n a l and te
ch n ica l occu p ation s ______A - 3. M aintenance and pow erp
lant o ccu p ation s ____A -4 . C u stodia l and m a te r ia l m
ovem en t occu pation s
1. E stab lish m en ts and w o rk e rs w ithin sco p e o f su
rvey _____2. P e rce n ts o f in c r e a s e in standard w eek ly
sa la r ie s and
stra ig h t-tim e h ourly earn ings fo r s e le c te d occu p
ation a l groups
________________________________________________________
Appendix: O ccupationa l d e scr ip tio n s 9
* N O TE: S im ilar tabulations a re ava ilab le in the South
Bend, Ind. , a rea re p o rt fo r A p r il I960, w h ich a lso in
clu d es data on estab lishm ent p r a c t ic e s and supplem
entary w age p r o v is io n s . A d ir e c to r y indicating date
o f study and the p r ic e o f th is rep ort, as w e ll as the re p
o rts fo r oth er m a jo r a re a s , is ava ilab le upon requ
est.
Union s c a le s , in d ica tive o f p reva ilin g pay le v e ls
, a re a lso ava ilab le fo r seven se le cte d building tra d es
in the South Bend a rea .
^ vo r- oo
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Occupational Wage SurveySouth Bend, Ind.
Introduction
This area is one of several important industrial centers in
which the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics
conducts surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits
on an area basis.
The bulletin presents current occupational employment and
earnings information obtained largely by mail from the
establishments visited by Bureau field economists in the last
previous survey for occupations reported in that earlier study.
Personal visits were made to nonrespondents and to those
respondents reporting unusual changes since the previous
survey.
In each area, data are obtained from representative
establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing;
transportation, 1 communication, and other public utilities;
wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies are
government operations and the construction and extractive
industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of
workers are omitted also because they furnish insufficient
employment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion.
Wherever possible, separate tabulations are provided for each of
the broad industry divisions.
These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the
unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To
obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion
of large than of small establishments is studied. In combining the
data, however, all establishments are given their appropriate
weight. Estimates based on the establishments studied are
presented, therefore, as relating to ail establishments in the
industry grouping and area, except for those below the minimum size
studied.
Occupations and Earnings
The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational
classification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions
designed to
1 Railroads, formerly excluded from the scope of these studies,
were included in all of the areas studied since July 1959, except
Baltimore (September 1959 and December I960), Buffalo (October
1959), Cleveland (September 1959), and Seattle (August 1959).
take account of interestablishment variation in duties within
the same job. (See appendix for listing of these descriptions. )
Earnings data are presented (in the A-series tables) for the
following types of occupations: (a) Office clerical; (b)
professional and technical; (c) maintenance and powerplant; and (d)
custodial and material movement.
Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for
full-time workers, i. e. , those hired to work a regular weekly
schedule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data
exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends,
holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also,
but cost-of- living bonuses and incentive earnings are included.
Where weekly hours are reported, as for office clerical
occupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the
nearest half hour) for which straight-time salaries are paid;
average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to
the nearest half dollar.
Average earnings of men and women are presented separately for
selected occupations in which both sexes are commonly employed.
Differences in pay levels of men and women in these occupations are
largely due to (l) differences in the distribution of the sexes
among industries and establishments; (Z) differences in specific
duties performed, although the occupations are appropriately
classified within the same survey job description; and (3)
differences in length of service or merit review when individual
salaries are adjusted on this basis. Longer average service of men
would result in higher average pay when both sexes are employed
within the same rate range. Job descriptions used in classifying
employees in these surveys are usually more generalized than those
used in individual establishments to allow for minor differences
among establishments in specific duties performed.
Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all
establishments within the scope of the study and not the number
actually surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure
among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment
obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to
indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These
differences in occupational structure do not materially affect the
accuracy of the earnings data.
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2T able 1. E sta blish m e n ts and w ork ers within scope of su
rvey and num ber studied in South Bend, In d ., 1 by m a jo r in du
stry d iv ision , 2 M arch 1961
Industry d ivision
N um ber of estab lish m en ts W o rk ers in estab lish m en
ts
W ithin scope of study3 Studied
W ithin scope of study Studied
A ll d ivision s
________________________________________________________________
137 75 3 9 .9 0 0 34. 210
M anufacturing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
55 32 2 9 ,4 0 0 2 7 ,3 9 0Nonm anufacturing
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
82 43 10, 500 6, 820
T ran sportation , com m u nication , andother public u t i l it
ie s 4 ______________________________________________ 22 17 3, 100
2, 200
W h olesa le trade 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12 5 1, 000 420R etail trade 5
___________________________________________________________ 26 10
3, 300 1, 890F in an ce, in su ran ce , and re a l estate 5
------------------------------------------ 7 5 2, 000 1, 800S e r v
ic e s 5* 6
_____________________________________________________________ 15 6
1, 100 510
1 The South Bend Standard M etropolitan S tatistica l A r e a
(St. Joseph County). The "w o rk e rs within scope of stu d y "
estim a te s shown in this table provide a reason ab ly accu rate
description of the s ize and c om p osition of the lab or fo rc e
included in the su rv e y . The estim a te s are not intended, h ow
ever, to se rv e as a b a sis of c o m p a riso n with other a rea
em ploym en t in dexes to m e a su re em ploym en t trends or le v
e ls sin ce ( l ) planning of wage su rv e y s req u ires the u se
of estab lish m en t data com p iled c o n sid erab ly in advance
of the p a y ro ll p eriod studied, and (2) sm a ll estab lish m en
ts are excluded fro m the scope of the su rvey .
2 The 1957 re v ise d edition of the Standard In dustrial C la
ssific a tio n M anual w as u sed in c la ssify in g estab lish m
en ts by in du stry d iv ision . M ajor changes fro m the e a rlie
r edition (used in the B u reau s labor m ark et w age su rveys
conducted p rior to July 1958) are the tra n sfe r of m ilk p asteu
rization plants and re a d y -m ix e d con crete estab lish m en ts
fro m trade (w holesale or retail) to m anufacturing, and the tra n
sfe r o f radio and te le v is io n broadcasting fro m se r v ic e
s to the tran sportation , com m u nication , and other public u
tilities d iv ision .
3 Includes a ll estab lish m en ts with total em ploym en t at
or above the m in im u m -s iz e lim itation (50 em p lo y ee s). A
ll ou tlets (within the area) of com panies in such in du stries as
tra de , finance, auto rep air s e r v ic e , and m o tio n -p ictu
re th eaters are con sid ered as 1 estab lish m en t.
4 T axicab s and se r v ic e s incidental to w ater tran
sportation w ere excluded.5 Th is in du stry d ivision is rep resen
ted in estim a te s fo r "a l l in d u s tr ie s " and "n on m an u
factu rin g " in the S e r ie s A ta b le s . Separate presen
tation
of data fo r this d iv ision is not m ade for one or m o re of
the follow ing rea so n s : (1) E m p loym en t in the d iv ision
is too sm a ll to provide enough data to m e rit separate study,
(2) the sam ple was not design ed in itia lly to p erm it separate
p resen tation , (3) resp on se w as in su fficien t or inadequate
to p erm it sep arate p resen tation , (4) there is p o ss ib ility
of d isc lo su re of individual estab lish m en t data.
6 H otels; p erson al s e r v ic e s ; b u sin ess se r v ic e s
; au tom obile rep air shops; m otion p ictu res; nonprofit m e m b
ersh ip organ ization s; and engineering and a rch itectu ra l s e
r v ic e s .
Table 2. P ercen ts of in cre a se in standard w eekly s a la r
ie s and s tra ig h t-tim e h ourly earnings for se lec te d
occupational groups in South Bend, In d ., A p ril I9 6 0 to M arch
1961
O ccupational groups A ll in du stries M anufacturing
O ffice c le r ic a l (women)
------------------------------------------ 2. 2 3. 2Industrial n u
rses (wom en) ------------------------------------ 2. 7 3. 2Skilled
m aintenance (men) ------------------------------------ 2 .9 3. 0U
n skilled plant (m en)
----------------------------------------------- 2. 0 2. 9
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3Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups
Presented in table 2 are percents of change in salaries of women
office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and in average
earnings of selected plant worker groups.
For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the percents
of change relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of
work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time
salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes in
straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime
and for work pn weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The
percentages are based on data for selected key occupations and
include most of the numerically important jobs within each group.
The office clerical data are based on women in the following 18
jobs: Billers, machine (billing machine); bookkeeping-machine
operators, class A and B; Comptometer operators; clerks, file,
class A and B; clerks, order; clerks, payroll; keypunch operators;
office girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; switchboard
operators; switchboard operator - receptionists; tabulating-machine
operators; transcribing-machine operators, general; and typists,
class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on women
industrial nurses. Men in the following 10 skilled maintenance jobs
and 3 unskilled jobs were included in the plant worker data:
Skilled carpenters; electricians; machinists; mechanics; mechanics,
automotive; millwrights; painters; pipefitters; sheet-metal
workers; and tool and die makers; unskilledjanitors, porters, and
cleaners; laborers, material handling; and watchmen.
Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed
for each of the selected occupations. The average salaries or
hourly earnings were then multiplied by the average employment in
the job during the months indicated in the title of table 2.
These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then
totaled to obtain an aggregate for each occupational group.
Finally, the ratio of these group aggregates for the one year to
the aggregate for the other year was computed and the difference
between the result and 100 is the percent of change from the one
period to the other.
The percent of change measures, principally, the effects of (1)
general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other increases in
pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3)
changes in the labor force such as labor turnover, force
expansions, force reductions, and changes in the proportions of
workers employed by establishments with different pay levels.
Changes in the labor force can cause increases or decreases in the
occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a
force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers
in a specific occupation and result in a drop in the average,
whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would
have the opposite effect. The movement of a high-paying
establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to
drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area
establishments.
The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects of
changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job
included in the data. Nor are the percents of change influenced by
changes in standard work schedules or in premium pay for overtime,
since they are based on pay for straight-time hours.
Indexes for the period 1953 to I960 for workers in 20 major
labor markets will appear in BLS Bull. 1265-62, Wages and Related
Benefits, 60 Labor Markets, Winter 1959-60.
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4 A* Occupational Earnings
Table A-l. Office Occupations
(Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected
occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, South
Bend, Ind. , March 1961)
Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY
EARNINGS OF
Number $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $Sex, occupation, and
industry division ofworkers
Weekly hours 1
Weekly- earnings 1
40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00
85. 00 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 0 0 100.00 105.00 n o . 0 0 115.00 120. 00
125.00(Standard) (Standard) under - ~ ~ - - - - - - - - and
45. 00 50. 00 _55. 00_ .6 0 , 0.0 _65._00.
OOO
_ 75. 00 80. 00. .8 5 . 00 _ 9 Q . 00 . 95. 00_ 100.00 105. .00
1.10.. 00 1 lA-.oo 120.00 125. 00 over
Men
Clerks, accounting, class A 47 40. 0 $108.00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1
1 5 12 9 2 8 7 1Manufacturing __ ___ ____ 24 40. 0 112.00 - - - - -
- - - - 1 - 5 1 3 1 5 7 1
23 40. 0 104.00 1 1 11 6 1 3
Clerks, order _ _ ................. 40 40. 0 98.00 4 4 2 8 16 2
1 1 2Manufacturing ___________________________________________ 1 6
40. 0 106.00 - - ~ ~ 2 6 4 2 1 1 2
Clerks, payroll _ ___ 17 40. 0 88.50 9 2 1 1 2 1 1Manufacturing
___ _______ 15 40. 0 87.00 ~ - - - - 9 1 - - 1 1 - 2 1 - -
Office boys __________ . _ 24 40. 0 60.00 4 1 6 1 1 7 1
3Manufacturing ____________ 19 40. 0 62.50 4 1 1 1 1 7 ------1-----
3 - - - - - - - -
Tabulating-machine operators, class A _____ 28 40. 0 111.00 _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ 2 8 3 1 4 2 2 6Manufacturing ____ ______ _______
20 40. 0 '~ri'5.'5o" " " ~ ' _ ~ 1 5 2 1 3 2 6
Tabulating-machine operators, class B ________________ 47 40. 0
96.50 _ _ _ . 1 1 _ 3 5 8 7 4 4 2 2 10Manufacturing __ _______ '"2
5 40. 0 103.00 " " 1 _ 1 2 4 1 1 1 2 2 16 -
Women
B illers, machine (billing machine) _ _____ ___ _ _ 46 4 1 .0
66.50 1 _ 6 1 19 8 2 3 1 . 2 3 _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing
_____________ ___ _ __ 2 0 40. 0 70.00 - - 4 - 7 - 2 3 - - 2 2 - -
_ _ _ _Nonmanufacturing ______________________________________ 26 4
1 .5 63.50 1 " 2 1 12 8 ~ 1 - - 1 - - - - - -
Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A _____________ 32 40. 0
67.50 _ _ _ 5 14 2 4 2 2 1 2 _ _ _ . .
Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B _____________ 151 40. 0
60.50 10 14 15 47 26 10 16 4 1 1 5 2Manufacturing
___________________________________________ 30 40. 0 75.50 - - - 3
3 1 13 1 1 1 5 2 - - - - _ _Nonmanufacturing
______________________________________ 121 40. 0 56.50 10 14 15 44
23 9 3 3 " " " - - -
C lerks, accounting, class A _____________________________ 51
40. 0 78.00 . . . 4 1 4 10 7 9 11 2 . 1 2 . .Manufacturing
___________________________________________ id 40. 0 80.50 - - - 4
- - 2 - 2 7 1 - - 2 - - - -Nonmanufacturing _ _____
___________________________ 33 40. 0 ,77.00 " " 1 4 8 7 7 4 1 1 '
"
Clerks, accounting, class B _____________________________ 148
40. 0 64.00 . 10 20 23 34 24 11 8 11 3 4 _ _ _ _ . . .Manufacturing
___________________________________________ 65 40. 0 67.50 - 2 5 7
17 11 7 5 6 1 4 - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing _____________
_______________________ 83 4 0 .0 61.50 8 15 16 17 13 4 3 5 2 - _ "
- "
Clerks, file , class A _____________________________________ 24
4 1 .0 74.00 . . 8 1 4 2 1 5 2 1 _ _ _ . .Manufacturing
_____________________ ___________________ T 5------ " W 82.06
-----1------ 4 2 5 2------ ----- 1------
See footnotes at end of table,
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5Table A-1. Office Occupations-Continued
(Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected
occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, South
Bend, Ind. , March 1961)
Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY
EARNINGS OF
Number $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $Sex, occupation, and
industry division of
workersWeekly, hours 1
Weekly . earnings1
40. 00 and
45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00
90. 00 95. 00 100. 00 105. 00 110. 00 115. 00 120. 00 125.
00(Standard) (Standard) under - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
and
45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 _6Q._ 00 _65. 00 _70. 00 ._7.5j._00_ _80
.00 .85 . 00. _9,0. 00 95.. 00 lo o , oo_ I0_5,.00 110.00. 115. 00
i2.Q_.jm 125. 00 over
Women Continued
Clerks, order _____________________________________________ 22
41. 0 $ 6 4 .50 2 4 8 3 1 2 2Manufacturing
---------------------------------------------------------------- 16
40. 0 65. 00 - - 2 1 8 - 1 2 2 - - - - - - - -
C lerks, payroll
------------------------------------------------------------------
98 40. 5 74. 00 _ _ 11 4 18 11 13 11 8 4 4 6 2 3 2 _ 1
_Manufacturing
---------------------------------------------------------------- 79
40. 0 76. 50 - - 3 4 17 7 12 10 5 4 3 6 2 3 2 - 1 -Nonmanufacturing
-------------------------------------------- ----------- 19 41. 5
64. 00 - - 8 1 4 1 1 3 - 1 - " - - -
Comptometer operators
--------------------------------------------------- _ - 39 40. 0
76. 50 _ 1 _ _ 3 3 16 4 1 2 8 1 _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing
---------------------------------------------------------------- 37
40. 0 78. 00 - - - 2 3 16 4 1 2 8 1 - - - - - -
Duplicating-machine operators(Mimeograph or Ditto)
__________________________________ 24 40. 0 72. 00 - 3 2 1 1 2 6 -
3 3 1 2 - - _ - - _
Manufacturing
---------------------------------------------------------------- 17
40. 0 79. 00 - 1 - - - 1 6' - 3 3 1 2 - - - - -
Keypunch operators _______________________________________ 156
40. 0 69. 00 _ 6 13 23 13 26 14 33 18 3 5 2 _ _ _ _ _
_Manufacturing
---------------------------------------------------------------- 81
40. 0 76. 50 " - 1 1 20 6 27 16 3 5 2 - - - - -
Office girls _________________________________________________
27 40. 0 57. 50 1 5 5 7 1 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing
__________________________________________ 16 40. 0 6 1 .5 0 - 1 4
2 1 8 - - - - - - - - - - -
Secretaries
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
451 40. 0 91. 00 _ 4 _ 3 23 26 21 39 30 31 59 91 41 34 25 11 4
9Manufacturing __________________________________________ 306 40. 0
97. 50 - - - 2 - 3 3 18 20 22 46 79 36 32 22 11 4 8Nonmanufacturing
_____________________________________ 145 40. 0 77. 50 - 4 - 1 23
23 18 21 10 9 13 12 5 2 3 - - 1
Public utilities 3 ___________________________________ 18 40. 0
91. 50 - - - 1 - 3 3 - 1 6 3 - - - - 1
Stenographers, general
----------------------------------------------------- 392 40. 0 76.
00 2 12 14 17 43 43 55 50 45 42 34 21 12 1 1Manufacturing
__________________________________________ 287 40. 0 80. 50 - 2 4 7
21 21 41 42 38 42 34 21 12 1 1 _ _ _Nonmanufacturing
--------------------------------------------------------- 105 40. 0
64. 00 2 10 10 10 22 22 14 8 7 " " - - - -
Switchboard operators ___________________________________ 49 3 9
.5 69. 50 4 1 4 7 7 3 6 3 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 _ .Manufacturing
---------------------------------------------------------------- 30
40. 0 78. 00 - - 2 2 2 2 6 3 3 4 2 1 1 1 1 . - .Nonmanufacturing
_____________________________________ 19 39. 5 55. 50 4 1 2 5 5 1 -
1 - - - - - - -
Switchboard operator-receptionists ____________________ 37 40. 0
65. 50 _ 3 7 8 2 5 _ 6 3 2 _ _ . 1 _ _ _Manufacturing
__________________________________________ 21 40. 0 67. 00 - - 5 3
2 5 - 2 2 1 - - - 1 _ _ _ _Nonmanufacturing
_____________________________________ 16 40. 0 63. 50 " 3 2 5 " - 4
1 1 " - - - - - - -
Tabulating-machine operators, class B ---------------------- 20
40. 0 82. 00 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 1 11 4 2 _ _ _ . _ _Manufacturing
__________________________________________ 19 40. 0 82. 50 - - - -
1 1 11 4 2 - - - - - - -
Transcribing-m achine operators, general ------------------ 73
40. 0 64. 50 _ 1 13 15 17 6 9 4 3 3 2 _ _ _ _ . . .Manufacturing
--------------------------------------------------------------- 42
39. 5 69. 50 - - 2 5 11 5 9 3 2 3 2 - - - - -
Typists, c lass A ___________________________________________
109 40. 0 79. 50 _ 1 1 9 2 8 19 16 13 14 17 9 _ _ _ _
_Manufacturing __________________________________________ 92 40. 0
82. 50 - - - - 1 6 18 16 11 14 17 9 - _ - - _ _Nonmanufacturing
_____________________________________ 17 39. 5 62. 00 1 1 9 1 2 1 -
2 - - - - - - - - -
Typists, class B ___________________________________________ 272
40. 0 58. 00 1 56 82 30 32 44 16 6 2 3Manufacturing
__________________________________________ 71 40. 0 67. 50 1 7 6 4
31 11 6 2 3
'
1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees
receive their regular straight-tim e salaries and the earnings
correspond to these weekly hours.2 W orkers were distributed as
follows: 5 at $ 125 to $ 130; 1 at $ 130 to $ 135.3 Transportation,
communication, and other public utilities.
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6Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations
(Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected
occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, South
Bend, In d ., March 1961)
Sex, occupation, and industry division
Draftsmen, senior ________Manufacturing __________
Draftsmen, juniorManufacturing __________
Nurses, industrial ( registered) Manufacturing
________________
69
40. 0 40. 0
$135.50136.00
39 .539 .5
100.50104.50
95.00"9 5 3 0 -
n u m b e r OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS
OF
10T O "
151 5
1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees
receive their regular straight-tim e salaries and the earnings
correspond to these weekly hours.2 W orkers were distributed as
follow s; 1 at $ 60 to $ 6 5 ; 6 at $ 65 to $ 7 0 ; 1 at $ 70 to $7
5 .
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7Table A-3. Maintenance and Power-plant Occupations
(Average straight-tim e hourly earnings for men in selected
occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, South
Bend, Ind. , March 1961)
NUMBER OF WORKEES RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF
Occupation and industry division $$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
$ $of hourly , 1. 80 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2 .40 2. 50 2.
60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3 .4 0 3. 50workers
earnings 1
under _ " - ~ _ " 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2 .40 2. 50 2.
60 2. 70 2.80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3 .4 0 3. 50 3. 60
Carpenters, maintenance ________________________ 35 $ 3. 06 3 2
1 1 2 1 14 8 3Manufacturing _________________________________ 34 3.
05 " " - 3 - 2 1 1 2 1 14 7 - 3 "
Electricians, maintenance ______________________ 168 3. 09 _ _ _
. . . 3 2 1 1 26 19 6 65 45 . . .Manufacturing
_________________________________ 1 6 8 3. 09 " " " 3 -------- 2 1
1 2 6 19 6 65 45 " "
Engineers, stationary ___________________________ 27 2. 91 _ _ _
1 5 _ _ _ _ _ 1 3 6 11 _ . _ _Manufacturing
_________________________________ 21 3766" _ 1 1 2 ---------g 11 -
-
F irem en, stationary boiler _____________________ 55 2. 70 4 .
_ . . 4 3 10 . 8 10 4 12 .Manufacturing______________________
__________ 55 2. 70 4 - 4 3 10 " 8 10 4 12 " - - '
H elpers, trades, maintenance _________________ 25 2. 38 _ _ _ 4
7 3 7 _ 2 . 2 . _ . _ _Manufacturing
--------------------------------------------------- 21 2 .4 4 - - -
- 7 3 7 2 " 2 - - - - - - -
M achine-tool operators , toolroom _____________ 61 2. 93 - - -
- - - - 13 16 - - 5 - _ 26 1 _ _Manufacturing
__________________________________ 61 2. 93 - - " - " - 13 16 - - 5
- 26 1 - -
M achinists, maintenance ________________________ 49 2. 82 . _ .
1 _ 1 _ 1 8 9 15 7 3 _ 4 . _ _Manufacturing
_________________________________ 49 2. 82 " " 1 " 1 " 1 8 9 15 7 3
4 -
M echanics, automotive (maintenance) ________ 124 2. 83 _ _ 2 2
2 23 2 3 1 5 7 26 21 30 . . . .Manufacturing _____
,___________________________ 55 2766" - - 2 2 2 6 2 - 1 5 4 1 - 30
- - - -Nonmanufacturing _____________________________ 69 2. 81 - -
- - - 17 - 3 - - 3 25 21 - - - - -
Public utilities 2 ___________________________ 66 2. 82 - " - -
- 17 " " - - 3 25 21 - - - - -
Mechanics, maintenance _________________________ 93 3. 06 - _ _
_ . 2 _ 12 _ 1 1 20 10 _ 44 _ 1 2Manufacturing
-------------------------------------------------- 93 3706 " _ " 2
" 12 1 1 20 10- 44 1 2
Millwrights _________________________________________ 166 3. 07
_ 1 _ 2 _ _ . 4 . 1 33 7 4 67 45 2Manufacturing
_________________________________ 166 3. 07 - 1 - 2 - - - 4 - 1 33
7 4 67 45 - 2 -
O ilers _______________________________________________ 44 2. 59
_ _ _ _ _ _ 2 26 7 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing __________
_____________________ 44 2. 59 - - " - - 2 2 6 7 9 - - - - -
Painters , maintenance __________________________ 19 3. 00 - . -
- _ - _ - 3 1 _ 1 9 5 _ _ _ _Manufacturing
_________________________________ 19 3. 00 " - - - 3 1 - 1 9 5 -
-
Pipefitters, maintenance ________________________ 117 3. 12 - -
- - - - - - 1 7 14 - . 55 40 _ - _Manufacturing
_________________________________ 117 3. 12 " " " - " " 1 7 14 " 55
40 - -
Sheet-m etal workers , maintenance ____________ 24 3. 08 _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ 4 4 _ 12 4 . . .Manufacturing __ ____________
______________ 24 3. 08 - - - - - 4 4 - 12 4 - - -
Tool and die makers _____________________________ 258 3. 32 - .
- - - - - - 5 5 1 4 24 7 16 39 157 _Manufacturing
_________________________________ 258 3. 32 5 5 1 4 24 7 l6 39
157
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends,
holidays, and late shifts Transportation, communication, and other
public utilities.
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8Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations
(Average straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations
studied on an area basis by industry division, South Bend, Ind. ,
March 1961)
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS
OFNumber Average $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
Occupation1 and industry division of hourly 2 earnings 1. 00 1.
10 1 .20 1. 30 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1. 60 1. 70 1 .80 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2.
20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90under - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - and1. 10 1 .2 0 1. 30 1 .40 1 .50 1 .6 0 1. 70 1.
80 1 .9 0 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2.
90 over
Elevator operators, passenger (women) 19 $ 1 .00 3 14 2
3Nonmanufacturing _____________________________ 19 1.0 0 14 2 3 " -
- - - " - - - " - - -
Guards 169 2. 48 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 _ _ _ 12 48 _ 103 .
_Manufacturing _ 167 2. 49 - - - " - - 4 - - ----- T T ~ 48 - 103 -
- - -
Janitors, porters, and cleaners (men) 433 2. 12 6 6 16 8 18 19
20 15 29 7 33 8 25 11 139 72 1 _ _ _Manufacturing _ _ _ _ _ 322 2.
30 - - 1 - 9 12 1 9 9 2 26 8 22 11 139 72 1 _ - _Nonmanufacturing
.... ......... 111 1 .5 8 6 6 15 8 9 7 19 6 20 5 7 - 3 _ _ _ _ _ _
_
Public utilities 4 17 1.8 2 - - - - 3 - - 1 10 1 1 - 1 - - - - -
- -
Janitors, porters, and cleaners (women) _____ 160 1 .3 4 86 9 14
6 10 1 - 1 _ _ _ 3 16 10 _ 4 _ _ _ _Manufacturing _______ 49 1.97 -
- 10 6 - - - - - 3 16 10 - 4 - - - -
Laborers, m aterial handling ____________ _ 290 2. 42 _ _ 4 - -
_ 10 _ 10 3 _ 18 60 31 25 33 50 25 11 10Manufacturing 194 2. 41 - -
- - - - 10 - 10 - - 18 24 31 25 21 45 - _ 10Nonmanufacturing 96 2.
46 - _ 4 - - - _ - - 3 _ _ 36 _ _ 12 5 25 11 _
'PnTVHr' 36
181
2. 82
2. 39
25
14
11
Order fillers _ _ 27 10 25 52 29 24Mannfa rtn ri ngr 93 2. 52 8
8 31 11 23 14Nonmanufacturing ______ _ ___ 88 2. 26 - - - - - - 27
- - 2 19 21 18 1 - - -
Packers, shipping __ ____ __ _ _ _ ____ 130 2 .4 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ 1 _ _ _ 40 6 16 67 _ _ _ _Manufacturing 128 2. 41 - - - - - - - -
1 - - - 40 6 16 65 - - - -
Receiving clerks _ ... ...................... 80 2 .4 6 _ _ 1 _
_ _ 2 _ 1 _ 3 _ _ 15 11 13 32 1 1 _Manufacturing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63
2. 54 - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 4 11 13 32 1 1 _Nonmanufacturing
______________ _______________ 17 2. 16 - - 1 - - 2 - - " 3 - 11 -
- - - -
Shipping clerks 92 2. 47 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 5 _ 2 _ 16 2 21 43 _
_ _Manufacturing _____ ____________ _______ 77 2. 51 - - - - - - -
3 2 2 - 4 2 21 43 - - -
Truckdrivers 5 ____________________________________ 305 2. 67 _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ 1 16 23 40 49 36 4 132 3Manufacturing ___ __ 70
2. 54 - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 1 1 7 49 5 - 2 3Nonmanufacturing
_____________________________ 235 2. 71 - - - - - - - - - - - - 15
22 33 - 31 4 130 _
'PnVilir' 130 2 .8 9 130
Truckdrivers, medium (IV 2 to andincluding 4 tons) _ _ _ 74 2.
55 - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 10 9 7 12 16 _ 18 _
Manufacturing __________ _________________ 28 2 .4 8 - - - - - -
- - 1 - - 1 1 1 7 i t 3 - t _Nonmanufacturing
__________________________
Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type)
_________________________________
46 2. 60 9 8 13 16
52 2. 58 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14 6 6 18 - 5
3Nonmanufacturing _______ 43 2. 56 - - - - - - - - - - - 14 6 - 18
- 5 -
Truckers, power (forklift) 311 2. 53 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ 19 _
30 23 210 2 25 _ 1Manufacturing ________ . . 305 2. 53 - - - - - -
1 - 19 - 26 23 ZTtP 2 23 - 1
Watchmen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 1.9 6 _ _ 6 1 _ 1 _ _ 3 _ 9 _ 9 2 4
_ _ _ _ _Manufacturing ___________ 28 2. 14 1 3 9 9 2 4
1 Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated.2
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends,
holidays, and late shifts.3 Includes 8 workers at $ 0. 80 to $ 0.
90.4 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.5
Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck
operated.
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9Appendix: Occupational Descriptions
The primary purpose o f preparing job descriptions for the
Bureau s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying
into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a
variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from
establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is
essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage
rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis
on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational
content, the Bureau s job descriptions may differ significantly
from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared
for other purposes fa applying these job descriptions, the Bureau s
field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors,
apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers,
part-time, temporary, and probationary workers.
O F F IC E
BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR
Prepares statements, b ills , and invoices on a machine other
than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records
as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work
incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers,
machine, are classified by type o f machine, as follow s:
Biller, machine (billing machine} Uses a special billing machine
(Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc ., which are
combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and
invoices from customers* purchase orders, internally prepared
orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of
predetermined discounts and shipping charges and entry o f
pecessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the
billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by
machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon
copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold
machine.
Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine} Uses a bookkeeping machine
(Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc ., which may or
may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers bills as
part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the
simultaneous entry of figures on customers ledger record. The
machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical
columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or
credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works
from uniform and standard types o f sales and credit slips.
Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher,
Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a
typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions.
Class A Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and
experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the
structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines
proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be
used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports,
balance sheets, and other records by hand.
Class B Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a
set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic
bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts oayable, payroll,
customers accounts (not including a simple type of billing
described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense
distribution, inventory control, etc. May check or assist in
preparation o f trial balances and prepare control sheets for the
accounting department.
CLERK, ACCOUNTING
Class A Under general direction of a bookkeeper or accountant,
has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a complete
set of books or records relating to one phase of an establishment s
business transactions. Work involves posting and
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10
CLERK, ACCOUNTING Continued
balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts
receivable or accounts payable; examining and coding invoices or
vouchers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and
experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May
assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may
direct class B accounting clerks.
Class B Under supervision, performs one or more routine
accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers,
accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers;
reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by
general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of
accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in
which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a
functional basis among several workers.
CLERK, FILE
Class A Responsible for maintaining an established filing
system. Classifies and indexes correspondence or other material;
may also file this material. May keep records of various types in
conjunction with files or supervise others in filing and locating
material in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties.
Class B Performs routine filing, usually of material that has
already been classified, or locates or assists in locating material
in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties.
CLERK, ORDER
Receives customers* orders for material or merchandise by mail,
phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the
following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order
sheetlisting the items to make up the order; checking prices and
quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to
respective departments to be filled. May check with credit
department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge
receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they
have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping
invoices with original orders.
CLERK, PAYROLL
Computes wages of company employees and enters the necessary
data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers*
earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated
data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker*s name,
working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages
due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and
distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine.
COMPTOMETER OPERATOR
Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathematical
computations. This job is not to be confused with that of
statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use
of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental
to performance of other duties.
DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO)
Under general supervision and with no supervisory
responsibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or
handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes
necessary adjustments such as for ink and paper feed counter and
cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master.
May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate,
and staple completed material.
KEYPUNCH OPERATOR
Under general supervision and with no supervisory
responsibilities, records accounting and statistical data on
tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a
specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch
machine, following written information on records. May duplicate
cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. May keep
files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others.
OFFICE BOY OR GIRL
Performs various routine duties such as running errands,
operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening
and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work.
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SECRETARY
Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an
administrative or executive position. Duties include making
appointments for superior; receiving people coming into office ;
answering and making phone ca lls; handling personal and important
01 confidental mail, and writing routine correspondence on own
initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not
used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and
transcribing dictation or the re- corded information reproduced on
a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums
for information of superior.
STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL
Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons,
either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a
normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a
typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and
keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include
transcribing- machine work (see transcribing-machine operator).
STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL
Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons,
either in shorthand or by Stenotype Or similar machine, involving a
varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs
or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation
on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up
and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include
transcribing machine work.
SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR
Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard.
Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or
office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give
information to persons who ca ll in, or occasionally take telephone
orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard
operator-receptionist.
11
SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST
In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single
position or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may
also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular
duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of
this workers time while at switchboard.
TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR
Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates
information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints
translated data on forms or accounting records; sets or adjusts
machine; does simple wiring of plugboards according to established
practice or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine
and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May,
in addition, operate auxiliary machines.
TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL
Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal
routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type
from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing
dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary
such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not
included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype
or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general.
TYPIST
Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make
out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May
do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping
simple records, filing records and reports or sorting and
distributing incoming mail.
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12
TYPIST Continued
Class A Performs one or more o f the following: Typing material
in final form from very rough and involved draft; copying from
plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use
of technical and unusual words or from foreign-language copy;
combining material from several sources, or planning layout of
complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and
balance
PROFESSIONAL
DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman)
Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by draftsman
or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes.
Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare
drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties
under direction of a draftsman.
DRAFTSMAN, LEADER
Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in
preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or
preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or
manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the
following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal
orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to
subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more difficult
problems. May assist subordinates during emergencies or as a
regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or
administrative nature.
DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR
Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or
detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing
purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing
working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to
scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering
computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams
and trusses; verifying completed work, checking dimensions,
materials to be used, and quantities;
TYPIST Continued
in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form. May
type routine form letters, varying details to suit
circumstances.
Class B Performs one or more o f the following: Typing from
relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of forms,
insurance policies, etc., setting up simple standard tabulations,
or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced
properly.
ND TECHNICAL
DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Continued
writing specifications; making adjustments or changes in
drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil
drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace
drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as
architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting.
NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED)
A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured
employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on
the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a
combination o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or
injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees* injuries;
keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for
compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations
and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning
and carrying out programs involving health education, accident
prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities
affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel.
TRACER
Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing
cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses
T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple
drawings and do simple lettering.
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MAINTENANCE
CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE
Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and
maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as
bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs,
casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves
most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from
blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a
variety of carpenter s handtools, portable power tools, and
standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations
relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials necessary for
the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter
requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a
formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE
Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the
installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the
generating, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an
establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or
repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as
generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit
breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other
transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layout,
or other specifications; locating and diagnosingtrouble in the e
lectrical system or equipment; working standard computations
relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment;
using a variety of electrician s handtools and measuring and
testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance
electrician requires rounded training and experience usually
acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and
experience.
ENGINEER, STATIONARY
Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of
stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to
supply the establishment in which employed with power, heat,
refrigeration, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and
maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors,
generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating
equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making
equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery,
temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these
operations. Head or ch ief engineers in establishments employing
more than one engineer are excluded.
13
D POW ERPLANT
FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER
Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which
employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or
operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and
safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom
equipment.
HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE
Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades,
by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as
keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning
working area, machine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding
materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by
journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform
varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined
to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning
working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized
machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by
workers on a full-time basis.
MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM
Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine
tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine
lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop
tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the
following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations;
processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of
accuracy; using a variety of precision measuring instruments;
selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making
necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite
tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools
need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and
cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study
purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing
shops are excluded from this classification.
MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE
Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of
metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment.
Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written
instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work;
using a variety of machinist s handtools and precision measuring
instruments; setting up and
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14
MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Continuedoperating standard machine
tools; shaping of metal parts to close toler- ances; making
standard shop computations re la ting to dimensions of work,
tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working
properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials,
parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling
parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist's work
normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice
usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent
training and experience.
MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE)
Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an
establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining
automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling
equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such
handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in
disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts
from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and
installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making
necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights,
or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive
mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired
through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and
experience.
MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE
Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment.
Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and
mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or
partly d ismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly
involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts;
replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock;
ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or
sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs;
preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the
production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling
machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In
general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded
training and experience usually acquired through a formal
apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from
this classification are workers whose primary duties involve
setting up or adjusting machines.MILLWRIGHT
Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and
installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant
layout
MILLWRIGHT Continuedare required. Work involves most o f the
following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting
blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools
and rigging; making standard shop computations relating to
stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining
and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment,
and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order
power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In
general, the millwright's work normally requires a rounded training
and experience in the trade acquired through a formal
apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
OILER
Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing
surfaces of mechanical equipment of an establishment.
PAINTER, MAINTENANCE
Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an
establishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface
peculiarities and types of paint required for different
applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish
or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices;
applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils ,
white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or
consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter
requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a
formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE
Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe
and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the
following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of
pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various
sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or
oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with
stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven
machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to
hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures,
flow, and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine
whether finished pipes meet specifications* la general, the work of
the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience
usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent
training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing
and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are
excluded.
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PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE
Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order.
Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation
of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing
pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or
plumber s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber
requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a
formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE
Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheet-
metal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans,
shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing)
of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning
and laying out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from
blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and
operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines;
using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping,
fitting, and assembling; installing sheet- metal articles as
required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal
worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired
through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and
experience.
TOOL AND DIE MAKER
(Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge maker)
Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs,
fixtures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming
work. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out
of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and
written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker s
handtools and precision measuring instruments, understanding of the
working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and
operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary
shop computations relating to dimensions o f work, speeds, feeds,
and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during
fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve
required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and
assembling o f parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances;
selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general,
the tool and die maker s work requires a rounded training in
machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a
formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in
tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this
classification.
C U S T O D I A L A N D M A T E R I A L M O V E M E N T
ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER
Transports passengers between floors of an office building,
apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment.
Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such
as those of starters and janitors are excluded.
GUARDPerforms routine police duties, either at fixed post or on
tour,
maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes
gate- men who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f
employees and other persons entering.
JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER(Sweeper; charwoman; janitress)
Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas
and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or
commercial
JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER Continued
or other establishment. Duties involve o combination of the
following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors;
removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment,
furniture, or fixtures;polishing metal fixtures or trimmings;
providing supplies and minor maintenance services; cleaning
lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in
window washing are excluded.
LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING
(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker;
stock- man or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper)
A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or
other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the
following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise
on or
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LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING Continued
from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices;
unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper
storage location; transporting materials or merchandise by hand
truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships
are excluded.
ORDER FILLER
(Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)
Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored
merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips,
customers" orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to
filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records
of outgoing orders, requisition additional stock, or report short
supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties.
PACKER, SHIPPING
Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing
them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed
being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be
packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment.
Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may
involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge of various items
of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type
and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using
excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing
and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data
on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes Or crates are
excluded.
SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK
Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is
responsible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other
materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping
procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation
and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up
bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a
file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the
merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or
directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against
bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages
and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to
proper departments; maintaining necessary records and files.
SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Continued
For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows:
Receiving clerkShipping clerkShipping and receiving clerk
TRUCKDRIVER
Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport
materials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various tvpes of
establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots,
warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail
establishments and customers houses or places of business. May also
load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical
repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and
over-the-road drivers are excluded.
For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and
type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on
the basis of trailer capacity.)
Truckdriver ( combination o f s izes listed separately)
Truckdriver, light (under lV2 tons)Truckdriver, medium (1% to and
including 4 tons)Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer
type)Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type)
TRUCKER, POWER
Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered
truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds
about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment.
For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of
truck, as follows:
Trucker, power (forklift)Trucker, power (other than
forklift)
WATCHMAN
Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property
against fire, theft, and illegal entry.
* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1961 0 594712
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Occupational Wage Surveys
Occupational wage surveys will be conducted in the 82 major
labor markets listed below during late I960 and early 1961.
Bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent
of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.,
or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside
front cover.
A summary bulletin containing data for 80 labor markets,
combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in
1962.
Akron, Ohio Bull. 1285-AlbanySchenectadyTroy, N.Y. Bull. 1285-51
Albuquerque, N. Mex. Bull. 1285- AllentownBethlehemEaston,
Pa.N.J. Bull. 1285-47 Atlanta, Ga. Bull. 1285-
Baltimore, Md. Bull. 1285-34 BeaumontPort Arthur, Tex. Bull.
1285- Birmingham, Ala. Bull. 1285-53
Boise, Idaho Bull. 1285- **Boston, Mass. Bull. 1285-15 Buffalo,
N.Y. Bull. 1285-31
Burlington, Vt. Bull. 1285*57 *Canton, Ohio Bull. 1285-29
Charleston, W. Va. Bull. 1285- Charlotte, N.C. Bull. 1285-
Chattanooga, Tenn.Ga. Bull. 1285-14Chicago, 111. Bull. 1285-
Cincinnati, OhioKy. Bull. 1285- Cleveland, Ohio Bull. 1285-11
Columbus, Ohio Bull. 1285-38 Dallas, Tex. Bull. 1285-21
DavenportRock IslandMoline, Iowa111.
Bull. 1285-16*Dayton, Ohio Bull. 1285-41 Denver, Colo. Bull.
1285-27 Des Moines, Iowa Bull. 1285*43
^ Detroit, Mich. Bull. 1285-37 Fort Worth, Tex. Buil. 1285-
23
Green Bay, Wis. Bull. 1285-2 Greenville, S.C. Bull. 1285-
Houston, Tex. Bull. 1285-
*Indianapolis, Ind. Bull. 1285-28 Jackson, Miss. Bull.
1285-42
Jacksonville, Fla. Bull. 1285-30 Kansas City, Mo.Kans. Bull.
1285-18
LawrenceHaverhill, Ma*s.N.H. Bull. 1285- Little RockNorth Little
Rock, Ark. Buil. 1285-6
Los AngelesLong Beach, Calif. Bull. 1285-52 Louisville, Ky.Ind.
Bull. 1285-49 Lubbock, Tex. Bull. 1285-
Manchester, N.H. Bull. 1285-1 ^Memphis, Tenn. Bull. 1285-35
^Miami, Fla. Bull. 1285-33
Milwaukee, Wis. Bull. 1285- * * MinneapolisSt. Paul, Minn. Bull.
1285- 39
MuskegonMuskegon Heights, Mich. Bull. 1285-
Newark and Jersey City, N.J. Bull. 1285-40 New Haven, Conn.
Bull. 1285-46 New Orleans, La. Bull. 1285-48 New York, N.Y. Bull.
1285- NorfolkPortsmouth and Newport News
Hampton, Va. Bull. 1285- Oklahoma City, Okla. Bull. 1285-3
Omaha, Nebr.Iowa Bull. 1285-13
PatersonCliftonPassaic, N.J. Bull. 1285- Philadelphia, Pa. Bull.
1285-24
Phoenix, Ariz. Bull. 1285-55
Pittsburgh, Pa. Bull. 1285-44 Portland, Maine Bull. 1285-
1?Portland, Oreg.Wash. Bull, i285- ProvidencePawtucket, R .I.Mass.
Bull. 1285-
Raleigh, N.C. Bull. 1285-5 Richmond, Va. Bull. 1285- 2 6 ~
Rockford, 111. Bull. 1285- St. Louis, Mo.111. Bull. 1285*10 Salt
Lake City, Utah Bull. 1285-32
San Antonio, Tex. Bull. 1285- San
BernardinoRiversideOntario,
Calif. Bull. 1285-4San FranciscoOakland, Calif. Bull. 1285*36
Savannah, Ga. Bull. 1285-
Scranton, Pa. Bull. 1285*8___ Seattle, Wash. Bull. 1285-7
Sioux Falls, S. Dak. Bull. 1285-17 South Bend, Ind. Bull.
1285-54
Spokane, Wash. Bull. 1285- Toledo, Ohio Bull. 1285*50
Trenton, N.J. Bull. 1285-25 Washington, D.C.Ma.Va. Bull.
1285*22
Waterbury, Conn. Bull. 1285-56 Waterloo, Iowa Bull. 1^85-20
Wichita, Kans. Bull. 1285- 9 Wilmington, Del.N.J. Bull.
1285-12
Worcester, Mass. Bull. 1285- York, Pa. Bull. 1285-45
An asterisk preceding a labor market indicates the availability
and price of the bulletin. Please do not order copies in
advance.
Price, 20 cents. Price, 25 cents. Price, 15 cents.
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