Bipolar Radiofrequency Energy Ralph J. Damiano, Jr., MD Evarts A. Graham Professor of Surgery Chief, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Barnes - Jewish Hospital Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO USA AATS STARS Meeting Miami, FL USA November 17, 2017
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Bipolar Radiofrequency Energy
Ralph J. Damiano, Jr., MDEvarts A. Graham Professor of Surgery
Chief, Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryBarnes-Jewish Hospital
Washington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, MO USA
AATS STARS MeetingMiami, FL USA
November 17, 2017
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DISCLOSURE Speaker for AtriCure, Edwards
Lifesciences, LivaNova Consultant for Medtronic Research and educational grants over the
last 2 years: AtriCure Edwards
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Surgical AF Ablation:The most important goal for an
ablation device
Create conduction block.To do this you must consistently create
transmural and continuous lesions.Our laboratory and others have shown
that gaps as small as 1 mm can conduct NSR and AF impulses.
Heart Rhythm 2008;5(9):1296-301.
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Epicardial Surgical Ablation:What are we trying to do?
fat
muscle
blood
0-10 mm
0.5-15 mm
Cabrera et el: European Heart Journal (2008) 29, 356–362
37oC
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Lesion Depth vs. Thickness
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18Thickness (mm)
Dep
th (m
m) 60 Seconds
90 Seconds120 SecondsTransmural Line
Unipolar Irrigated Suction-assisted RF Device
Damiano et al. Heart Rhythm 2009;6:S41-46
Only 18% of lesions were transmural!
Chart4
2.70359398582.08612277321.92829892280
2.7198032535.21520803443.57083077618
3.38180377961.50590442563.3032531194
3.70200287713.10232322664.1680913252
4.23911167372.83118636443.171688951
1.22830089433.37683523652.6581764676
2.20476065234.9278362054.6400897227
3.00565491853.03927053032.9025510204
1.57811678062.59050683832.3683937824
1.28071833651.92075623492.130964467
2.54352331611.67144285241.2618780014
2.13375466223.87331522572.6832586024
2.76837896032.42227979272.5498824824
1.88481675392.77974268295.6036931818
4.30407191963.04463690874.2140623961
3.49230769232.45662195063.5951028512
2.66082474233.14175041885.7183507225
1.52966514542.25270498953.2716559282
5.03193141943.05791545793.2120738716
4.96187948273.11542133566.1503517811
5.70781939571.78518856917.9934305307
5.61066546153.1876554495.0355041591
2.73666554852.81723115343.0332066744
2.78027507553.41575233094.5140412462
8.18855814984.28843141649.371072711
5.64643799474.21448730014.5651161243
6.73087786693.82291014624.4611487417
7.63991641723.77226824015.8220709278
4.83767410554.82121873433.8415485931
4.8582495933.19060402683.9113443502
2.2851392152.80006640474.1181988743
3.33127906333.05639333075.899675842
9.85061414195.40540540542.9240121581
1.78773967055.51116333734.7211624776
5.47620376052.21641190677.5865844523
7.65619703993.70143285573.9729821006
5.25182284636.50652366218.8088514954
3.89332438784.73691275179.3770700637
5.5420409534.00475900618.2617834395
4.8333796943.06819471247.3869567606
7.35410292074.78590604038.4076433121
8.217374323515.33945157019.2863996768
10.190109765813.4636222914.3805688397
5.36625460283.28774470375.3380614657
4.35142975559.41618752767.9649681529
6.02146907917.45240010733.673514962
4.04671887667.66696152152.4426262223
4.62596444157.2519442216.8198771391
4.68873573617.51476510079.5343352348
7.65111286863.05231589476.1796178344
5.04406281784.52160920813.1351027739
4.48511821976.21399404048.522519528
2.21526157956.1085115865
6.36268053797.806769708
4.7390869716.445399732
8.3752974379
6.5583268955
60 Seconds
90 Seconds
120 Seconds
Transmural Line
Thickness (mm)
Depth (mm)
Lesion Depth vs. Thickness
2.7035939858
2.0861227732
1.9282989228
0
2.719803253
5.2152080344
3.5708307761
8
3.3818037796
1.5059044256
3.3032531194
3.7020028771
3.1023232266
4.1680913252
4.2391116737
2.8311863644
3.171688951
1.2283008943
3.3768352365
2.6581764676
2.2047606523
4.927836205
4.6400897227
3.0056549185
3.0392705303
2.9025510204
1.5781167806
2.5905068383
2.3683937824
1.2807183365
1.9207562349
2.130964467
2.5435233161
1.6714428524
1.2618780014
2.1337546622
3.8733152257
2.6832586024
2.7683789603
2.4222797927
2.5498824824
1.8848167539
2.7797426829
4.3902191558
4.3040719196
3.0446369087
3.2927559369
3.4923076923
2.4566219506
2.7425136491
2.6608247423
3.1417504188
4.2420353735
1.5296651454
2.2527049895
2.341538631
4.5204533686
3.0579154579
2.2875634659
3.6256847574
3.1154213356
4.2402082987
4.0896231753
1.7851885691
5.4895407134
3.8549316461
3.187655449
3.2501521607
1.6987588058
2.8172311534
1.9516493199
1.6987588058
3.4157523309
2.7325581395
4.7665154365
3.481763258
5.2305879713
3.1965418515
3.3772342427
2.3630797897
3.7447746017
2.7792636431
2.2027644694
4.1949511493
2.6960172472
2.8330454222
2.593072024
3.439650831
1.7168895097
2.4858249593
2.1684563758
1.6229343457
1.1486078497
1.8820209175
1.6929698709
1.6639587652
2.0400614579
2.4201966925
4.8943233374
3.4911308824
1.1968929416
0.8776667567
3.5325387499
1.9204443447
2.5760196396
1.4078841512
2.9124647035
3.4013105864
2.2152615795
1.4812563323
2.1199027815
3.6759177355
3.1187690889
1.5665883932
2.4677852349
3.3146496815
1.9488924845
2.0840019921
2.7656050955
1.6016689847
1.5885623511
2.4399758255
2.3949930459
2.1912751678
2.6751592357
2.5687663896
6.5098407784
2.9402555426
3.0389272378
5.5130473242
1.3591744274
1.4992109416
1.289890051
1.6264775414
1.1961251554
3.5659000442
2.3598726115
1.5764245207
2.4953070528
1.0065877624
0.9404536862
2.5486510394
0.6272866361
1.0412613217
2.1835612765
1.7321193506
0.9349226076
2.2073825503
2.3096752962
1.4303468535
0.8823725425
1.3439490446
0.8027341543
1.2085662111
0.6133173685
0.6675938804
1.6377883236
1.4669547393
0.4805064978
0.946969697
1.3026395883
1.003268517
0.6564478507
0.6905984815
0.927452825
0.4204833904
Sheet1
Pig 2
LengthCalibrationPixelsmm
RV205.56633.3130.8090095349
A166.15343.14
B211.86523.78
C211.86558.47
D211.86551.51
E173.57476.95
F173.57409.66
G173.57464.62
H173.57383.26
I173.57311.13
ACalibrationW PixelsWidthT PixelsThicknessD PixelsDepth
601177.02117.556.6404925997135.447.651112868625.321.4303468535
602177.02118.216.6777765224834.688735736116.550.9349226076
603177.0276.924.345271720789.295.044062817814.210.8027341543
B
901180.7183.354.6123623485151.358.375297437916.760.927452825
902180.71105.75.849150572781.714.521609208121.841.2085662111
903180.71114.766.350506336172.374.004759006137.662.0840019921
904180.71125.16.922693818850.62.800066404734.011.8820209175
905180.71155.018.577831885376.164.214487300161.033.3772342427
906180.71156.988.6868463284114.986.362680537923.541.3026395883
C
1201178.24131.037.351324057534.371.928298922834.371.92829892281
1202178.24140.737.8955341113167.039.37107271193.235.23058797130
1203178.24133.097.466898563784.154.721162477634.231.92044434470
1204179.23141.727.907158399857.573.2120738716412.28756346590
1205179.23138.887.7487027841643.5708307761643.57083077611
1206179.23149.418.3362160353102.495.718350722576.034.24203537350
D
601177.02153.838.6899785335135.537.656197039960.213.4013105864
602177.02137.937.7917749407119.156.730877866966.293.7447746017
603177.02119.896.77268105399.325.610665461568.243.8549316461
604178.91123.796.919121345948.372.703593985848.372.7035939858
605178.91112.226.272427477548.662.71980325348.662.719803253
E
901176.26138.717.869624418536.772.086122773236.772.0861227732
902176.26114.746.509701577266.493.772268240147.522.6960172472
903176.26128.477.288664472954.083.0681947124281.5885623511
904175.731126.373413759753.713.056393330735.852.0400614579
905175.73110.266.274398224567.183.822910146248.842.7792636431
F
1201179.12115.216.432000893370.063.911344350229.071.62293434570
1202179.12118.686.625725770465.83.67351496218.031.00658776240
1203179.12106.925.9691826708115.456.44539973212.370.69059848150
1204181.2292.055.079461428174.634.118198874330.681.69296987090
G
601179.23119.856.6869385706147.288.217374323546.042.5687663896
602179.2383.554.661607989799.335.54204095334.931.9488924845
603179.2386.094.803325336298.155.476203760546.172.5760196396
604178.1380.964.5449952282100.585.646437994756.943.1965418515
605178.13100.285.629596362286.544.85824959344.282.4858249593
H
901181.22130.427.196777397694.515.215208034494.515.2152080344
902181.2299.985.517051098127.291.505904425627.291.5059044256
903181.2223.321.2868336828112.616.213994040429.681.6377883236
904181.2275.584.1706213442118.856.55832689557.620.4204833904
I
1201181.59101.0481.014.4611487417402.20276446940
1202181.59114.7955.083.033206674435.441.95164931990
1203181.5982.0759.413.271655928242.522.3415386310
RV
601176.26121.49132.827.535458981165.253.7019176217
602176.26100.18147.658.376829683465.313.7053216839
603176.2693.3105.315.974696471148.762.7663678657
604174.27101.71133.737.673724680157.873.3207092443
605174.27103.12116.36.673552533462.273.5731910254
0.1538461538
Sheet2
Pig 3
LengthCalibrationPixelsmm
A178.76439.1724.5675766391
B178.76407.322.7847393153
C178.76563.9631.5484448422
D178.7643424.2783620497
E177.63399.5922.4956369983
F177.63422.0223.7583741485
G177.63547.9830.8495186624
H177.63491.327.6586162247
I177.63483.8327.2380791533
ACalibrationW PixelsWidthT PixelsThicknessD PixelsDepth
901177.77131.717.409011644355.153.102323226655.153.1023232266
902177.77145.778.199921246650.332.831186364450.332.8311863644
903177.77146.248.226359903260.033.376835236560.033.3768352365
B
601176.74114.166.459205612859.773.381803779659.773.3818037796
602176.74104.295.9007581759180.110.190109765853.713.0389272378
603176.74132.677.5065067331100.885.707819395772.284.0896231753
604177.07111.246.282261252687.864.961879482764.23.6256847574
605177.07141.327.9810244536135.287.639916417274.284.1949511493
C
1201182.32111.656.123848179173.839.534335234842.112.3096752962
1202182.32120.36.5982887231124.346.819877139131.581.7321193506
1203182.32123.496.77325581482.34.514041246249.822.7325581395
1204179.52114.736.3909313725109.666.1085115865170.946969697
1205179.52164.619.169451871759.33.303253119459.33.3032531194
D
901178.76138.527.748937122488.094.92783620588.094.927836205
902178.76130.627.30700380476.664.288431416462.243.481763258
903178.76130.827.318191989354.333.039270530354.333.0392705303
904178.71113.816.368418107596.65.405405405462.393.4911308824
905178.71124.566.969951317898.495.511163337363.133.5325387499
906178.71132.857.433831346986.164.821218734361.473.439650831
E
601179.7561.853.440890125280.624.4851182197120.6675938804
602179.75135.717.54993045986.884.83337969428.791.6016689847
603179.75148.198.2442280946132.197.354102920743.052.3949930459
604178.49122.156.843520645459.463.331279063329.71.6639587652
F
1201173.53112.726.4957067942138.717.993430530795.265.4895407134
1202173.53155.578.9650204576131.657.586584452350.542.9124647035
1203173.53101.245.8341497147152.868.808851495454.123.1187690889
1204182.01109.075.9925278831107.385.89967584244.052.4201966925
1205182.0197.745.3700346135134.457.386956760644.412.4399758255
G
901180.88144.267.9754533392170.329.416187527664.53.5659000442
902180.88143.277.9207209199243.5313.46362229199.725.5130473242
903180.88172.249.5223352499277.4615.3394515701117.756.5098407784
904180.88102.265.6534719151117.696.506523662166.493.6759177355
905180.881055.8049535604138.687.666961521546.12.5486510394
H
601180.74125.936.967467079866.913.702002877166.913.7020028771
602180.74117.276.4883257718178.049.850614141988.464.8943233374
603180.74134.547.4438419831488.188558149886.154.7665154365
604173.81121.847.009953397473.684.239111673773.684.2391116737
605173.811367.824636096987.465.031931419478.574.5204533686
I
1201180.51150.478.33582627111.026.150351781176.544.2402082987
1202180.51110.426.1171126253140.927.80676970818.111.003268517
1203180.5170.093.8828873747153.848.52251952826.481.4669547393
1204181.33107.155.909115976465.193.595102851249.732.7425136491
1205181.33101.245.583190867575.584.168091325275.584.1680913252
Sheet3
Pig 4
LengthCalibrationPixelsmm
RV149.01460.0230.8717535736
A145.12389.3326.8281422271
B152.12424.4727.9036287142
C150.33401.2926.6939399987
D152.27363.0123.8398896697
E148.05327.6922.1337386018
F150.08408.7227.2334754797
G153.08435.7128.4628952182
H149.01398.0226.710958996
I153.21443.3828.9393642713
ACalibrationW PixelsWidthT PixelsThicknessD PixelsDepth
1201148.0595.896.476865923779.035.338061465724.081.6264775414
1202148.05133.549.019925700843.292.924012158117.721.1968929416
1203148.0571.854.853090172258.823.972982100621.931.4812563323
1204150.27105.217.001397484568.64.565116124335.512.3630797897
B
901149.1691.486.133011531238.642.590506838338.642.5905068383
902149.16103.486.937516760533.062.2164119067211.4078841512
903149.16134.068.9876642532111.167.452400107337.222.4953070528
904149.16115.257.7266023062108.177.25194422132.572.1835612765
905149.16140.469.416733708849.043.287744703719.241.289890051
906149.16122.878.237463126828.651.920756234928.651.9207562349
C
601152.08125.038.221330878518.681.228300894318.681.2283008943
602152.08125.938.280510257833.532.204760652333.532.2047606523
603152.08123.988.152288269345.713.005654918545.713.0056549185
604152.08104.296.8575749605241.5781167806241.5781167806
605152.0892.356.072461862281.615.366254602822.81.4992109416
D
1201150.33926.119869620263.354.214062396149.53.2927559369
1202150.3376.625.096787068436.722.44262622239.430.6272866361
1203150.33150.8110.031929754547.133.13510277399.220.6133173685
1204150.33148.569.882259030157.753.841548593125.811.7168895097
1205150.33138.459.209738575147.683.17168895147.683.171688951
E
901150.0565.84.385204931745.83.052315894713.240.8823725425
902150.05119.857.987337554155.543.701432855733.242.2152615795
903150.0550.773.383538820433.242.21526157957.210.4805064978
904150.0570.264.682439186971.114.7390869719.850.6564478507
905150.0567.424.493168943725.081.671442852425.081.6714428524
F
601149.0594.196.319355920840.792.736665548525.321.6987588058
602149.0567.034.497148607834.062.28513921517.121.1486078497
603149.0592.116.179805434468.954.625964441515.521.0412613217
604149.0597.256.524656155741.442.780275075525.321.6987588058
605149.0586.025.771217712258.033.893324387823.351.5665883932
G
120115752.773.3611464968129.718.261783439543.422.7656050955
1202157100.456.3980891721328.4076433121422.6751592357
120315769.034.3968152866125.057.964968152937.052.3598726115
1204157111.227.0840764331147.229.377070063752.043.3146496815
120515793.095.929299363197.026.179617834421.11.3439490446
H
90114968.314.584563758471.314.785906040332.652.1912751678
90214971.854.82214765170.584.736912751736.772.4677852349
90314968.354.5872483221111.977.514765100732.892.2073825503
90414946.623.128859060447.543.190604026832.312.1684563758
I
601148.1274.435.024979746218.971.280718336518.971.2807183365
602148.12102.426.914663786126.481.7877396705130.8776667567
603148.1266.764.507156359789.196.021469079123.351.5764245207
604148.12100.426.779638131277.795.251822846331.42.1199027815
605148.12113.167.639751552859.944.046718876613.930.9404536862
RV
601152.16128.398.437828601597.086.380126183583.8117770768
602152.16120.517.919952681493.386.136961093633.952.2312039958
603152.16126.738.3287329127121.818.005389064161.614.0490273396
604152.16131.038.6113301788104.396.860541535248.263.171661409
Sheet4
CalibrationW PixelsWidthT PixelsThicknessD PixelsDepthPenetranceTransmural
60178.91123.796.919121345948.372.703593985848.372.7035939858100118
60178.91112.226.272427477548.662.71980325348.662.719803253100152
60176.74114.166.459205612859.773.381803779659.773.38180377961001
60180.74125.936.967467079866.913.702002877166.913.70200287711001TimeWidthWidth StdevDepthDepth StdevThicknessThickness StdevTransmurality
60173.81121.847.009953397473.684.239111673773.684.23911167371001606.51.22.51.24.52.235%
60152.08125.038.221330878518.681.228300894318.681.22830089431001906.81.72.61.24.42.742%
60152.08125.938.280510257833.532.204760652333.532.204760652310011206.71.72.51.15.12.324%
60152.08123.988.152288269345.713.005654918545.713.00565491851001
60152.08104.296.8575749605241.5781167806241.57811678061001
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90180.71155.018.577831885376.164.214487300161.033.377234242780.13392857140
90175.73110.266.274398224567.183.822910146248.842.779263643172.70020839540
90176.26114.746.509701577266.493.772268240147.522.696017247271.46939389380
90178.71132.857.433831346986.164.821218734361.473.43965083171.34401114210
9014946.623.128859060447.543.190604026832.312.168456375867.96381994110
90180.71125.16.922693818850.62.800066404734.011.882020917567.21343873520
90175.731126.373413759753.713.056393330735.852.040061457966.74734686280
90178.71113.816.368418107596.65.405405405462.393.491130882464.58592132510
90178.71124.566.969951317898.495.511163337363.133.532538749964.09787795720
90149.16103.486.937516760533.062.2164119067211.407884151263.52087114340
90150.05119.857.987337554155.543.701432855733.242.215261579559.84875765210
90180.88102.265.6534719151117.696.506523662166.493.675917735556.49587900420
9014971.854.82214765170.584.736912751736.772.467785234952.09691130630
90180.71114.766.350506336172.374.004759006137.662.084001992152.03813734970
90176.26128.477.288664472954.083.0681947124281.588562351151.7751479290
9014968.314.584563758471.314.785906040332.652.191275167845.78600476790
90180.88172.249.5223352499277.4615.3394515701117.756.509840778442.43854970090
90180.88143.277.9207209199243.5313.46362229199.725.513047324240.94772717940
90149.16140.469.416733708849.043.287744703719.241.28989005139.2332789560
90180.88144.267.9754533392170.329.416187527664.53.565900044237.86989196810
90149.16134.068.9876642532111.167.452400107337.222.495307052833.48326736240
90180.881055.8049535604138.687.666961521546.12.548651039433.24199596190
90149.16115.257.7266023062108.177.25194422132.572.183561276530.11001201810
9014968.354.5872483221111.977.514765100732.892.207382550329.37393944810
90150.0565.84.385204931745.83.052315894713.240.882372542528.90829694320
90180.71105.75.849150572781.714.521609208121.841.208566211126.72867458080
90181.2223.321.2868336828112.616.213994040429.681.637788323626.35645146970
90150.0550.773.383538820433.242.21526157957.210.480506497821.69073405540
90180.71156.988.6868463284114.986.362680537923.541.302639588320.4731257610
90150.0570.264.682439186971.114.7390869719.850.656447850713.8517789340
90180.7183.354.6123623485151.358.375297437916.760.92745282511.07367030060
90181.2275.584.1706213442118.856.55832689557.620.42048339046.41144299540
120178.24131.037.351324057534.371.928298922834.371.9282989228100113
120179.23138.887.7487027841643.5708307761643.5708307761100155
120179.52164.619.169451871759.33.303253119459.33.30325311941001
120181.33101.245.583190867575.584.168091325275.584.16809132521001
120150.33138.459.209738575147.683.17168895147.683.1716889511001
120197.09144.547.333705413852.392.658176467652.392.65817646761001
120196.16152.217.759482055591.024.640089722791.024.64008972271001
120196134.736.873979591856.892.902551020456.892.90255102041001
120193133.756.930051813545.712.368393782445.712.36839378241001
120197153.387.78578680241.982.13096446741.982.1309644671001
120195.7492.654.733319709824.71.261878001424.71.26187800141001
120198.49124.46.267318252853.262.683258602453.262.68325860241001
120199.97154.877.744661699350.992.549882482450.992.54988248241001
120197.12185.079.3886972403110.465.603693181886.544.390219155878.34510229950
120150.33926.119869620263.354.214062396149.53.292755936978.1373322810
120181.33107.155.909115976465.193.595102851249.732.742513649176.28470624330
120179.23149.418.3362160353102.495.718350722576.034.242035373574.1828471070
120181.5982.0759.413.271655928242.522.34153863171.57044268640
120179.23141.727.907158399857.573.2120738716412.287563465971.21764808060
120180.51150.478.33582627111.026.150351781176.544.240208298768.9425328770
120173.53112.726.4957067942138.717.993430530795.265.489540713468.67565424270
120197.16159.018.065023331399.285.035504159164.083.250152160764.54472199840
120181.59114.7955.083.033206674435.441.951649319964.34277414670
120182.32123.496.77325581482.34.514041246249.822.732558139560.53462940460
120178.24140.737.8955341113167.039.37107271193.235.230587971355.81632042150
120150.27105.217.001397484568.64.565116124335.512.363079789751.76384839650
120181.59101.0481.014.4611487417402.202764469449.37662017030
120196.8278.774.0021339295114.595.822070927855.762.833045422248.66044157430
120150.33148.569.882259030157.753.841548593125.811.716889509744.69264069260
120179.12115.216.432000893370.063.911344350229.071.622934345741.49300599490
120181.2292.055.079461428174.634.118198874330.681.692969870941.10947340210
120182.01109.075.9925278831107.385.89967584244.052.420196692541.02253678520
120148.05133.549.019925700843.292.924012158117.721.196892941640.93324093320
120178.24133.097.466898563784.154.721162477634.231.920444344740.6773618538000
120173.53155.578.9650204576131.657.586584452350.542.912464703538.3896695784088
120148.0571.854.853090172258.823.972982100621.931.481256332337.28323699420
120173.53101.245.8341497147152.868.808851495454.123.118769088935.40494570190
120157111.227.0840764331147.229.377070063752.043.314649681535.34845808990
12015752.773.3611464968129.718.261783439543.422.765605095533.47467427340
120182.0197.745.3700346135134.457.386956760644.412.439975825533.03086649310
120157100.456.3980891721328.4076433121422.675159235731.81818181820
120198.0172.013.6366850159183.889.286399676858.222.940255542631.66195344790
120198.6550.042.519003272187.024.3805688397271.359174427431.02735003450
120148.0595.896.476865923779.035.338061465724.081.626477541430.46944198410
12015769.034.3968152866125.057.964968152937.052.359872611529.62814874050
120179.12118.686.625725770465.83.67351496218.031.006587762427.40121580550
120150.3376.625.096787068436.722.44262622239.430.627286636125.68082788670
120182.32120.36.5982887231124.346.819877139131.581.732119350625.39810197840
120182.32111.656.123848179173.839.534335234842.112.309675296224.22481735030
12015793.095.929299363197.026.179617834421.11.343949044621.74809317670
120150.33150.8110.031929754547.133.13510277399.220.613317368519.5629110970
120180.5170.093.8828873747153.848.52251952826.481.466954739317.21268850750
120179.52114.736.3909313725109.666.1085115865170.94696969715.50246215580
120180.51110.426.1171126253140.927.80676970818.111.00326851712.8512631280
120179.12106.925.9691826708115.456.44539973212.370.690598481510.71459506280
Sheet4
1.2443903484
1.7128376018
1.6931418766
Time (seconds)
Width (mm)
Lesion Width vs. Time
1.1586321266
1.1933030183
1.1279211173
Time (seconds)
Depth (mm)
Lesion Depth vs. Time
Time (seconds)
Transmurality (%)
Transmurality vs. Time
60 Seconds
90 Seconds
120 Seconds
Transmural Line
Thickness (mm)
Depth (mm)
Lesion Depth vs. Thickness
-
Mode of RF Energy Application:Sensitivity to Convective Cooling
fat
muscle
blood
fat
muscle
blood
fat
muscle
blood
Unipolar Surface Bipolar Transmural Bipolar
+ + +-
-
-
Epicardial Bipolar Ablation Device
-
AtriCure Coolrail:Chronic Study
CoolRail Chronic Lesion Depth vs. Tissue Thickness
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0
Tissue Thickness
Lesi
on D
epth
72 cross sections77% transmuralAverage Depth 3.7 ± 1.5 mm
Lee et al. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012
By mapping, none of the 12 linear lesions created demonstrated conduction block at 30 days!
Chart3
1.36996837880
1.39133407412
1.3973164687
1.7848901803
1.8378771045
1.880608495
1.9203486881
2.1976754124
2.3074950859
2.3506537903
2.3536449876
2.5865310657
2.5865310657
2.5865310657
2.6497735236
2.6771216135
2.7266900265
2.8523203145
2.9057345526
2.9061618665
3.0364926075
3.1668233484
3.2232287839
3.2501495599
3.3582599778
3.4103922742
3.4638065123
3.5569609435
3.5693530467
3.8039483805
3.8039483805
3.8889838475
3.9218870182
4.0013674045
4.017178019
4.0676010597
4.1453721904
4.1757114777
4.1765661055
4.3026237074
4.3863772327
4.403042475
4.4744038971
4.488505256
4.5385009828
4.5521750278
4.6025980685
4.7372019486
4.8243739851
4.8760789676
4.9615417486
5.0440133322
5.2175027775
5.2576702846
5.3486881463
5.4324416717
5.4862832237
5.6405435433
6.1144346637
6.4097085719
6.4917528416
6.5605503803
6.6665242287
6.9408597556
7.5638834288
7.7352363046
7.7907871122
8.3185197846
8.8163404837
10.6029399197
10.7072045124
11.3186907102
CoolRail 40 Seconds
Transmural Line
Tissue Thickness
Lesion Depth
CoolRail Chronic Lesion Depth vs. Tissue Thickness
1.3699683788
0
1.391334074
12
1.3973164687
1.7848901803
1.8378771045
1.880608495
1.9203486881
2.1976754124
2.3074950859
2.3506537903
2.3536449876
2.5865310657
2.5865310657
2.5865310657
2.6497735236
2.6771216135
2.7266900265
2.8523203145
2.9057345526
2.9061618665
3.0364926075
3.1668233484
3.2232287839
3.2501495599
3.3582599778
3.4103922742
3.4638065123
3.5569609435
3.5693530467
3.8039483805
3.8039483805
3.8889838475
3.9218870182
2.2839928211
4.017178019
4.0676010597
4.1453721904
4.1757114777
4.1765661055
4.3026237074
1.3951798992
4.403042475
4.4744038971
4.488505256
2.5711477651
4.5521750278
4.6025980685
3.4595333732
4.8243739851
3.8945389283
4.9615417486
5.0440133322
5.2175027775
2.9916246475
5.3486881463
2.6356721648
5.4862832237
2.2651910093
4.7876249893
6.4097085719
6.4917528416
6.5605503803
4.7004529527
4.3244167165
3.2501495599
7.7352363046
1.9306042219
8.3185197846
5.305102128
3.7962567302
4.8179642766
7.4532091274
All MCR
10mm = 234.02 pixels
Slide thickness = 594.01
W PixelsWidthD PixelsDepthT PixelsThicknessPenetranceTransmurality
2 LA 1 2 3 - 1281.7512.0432.71.4032.71.4011
2 LA 1 2 3 - 2208.638.92106.534.55106.534.5511
2 LA 1 2 3 - 3182.027.78153.536.56153.536.5611
2 LA 4 5 - 4gap0.00gap0.000.000
2 LA 4 5 - 5gap0.00gap0.000.000
2 RA 1 2 3 - 1149.66.3932.061.3732.061.3711
2 RA 1 2 3 - 2127.025.4343.011.8443.011.8411
2 RA 1 2 3 - 3143.956.1544.941.9244.941.9211
2 RA 4 5 6 - 4100.124.28682.91682.9111
2 RA 4 5 6 - 5241.0510.3070.012.99123.045.260.56900195060
2 RA 4 5 6 - 6281.212.02103.044.40103.044.4011
4 LA MCR1 B - Agap0.00gap0.000.000\
4 LA MCR1 B - B1536.54112.94.82112.94.8211
4 LA MCR1 A - C157.016.7176.063.25177.017.560.42969323770
4 LA MCR1 A - D274.1211.7153.012.271325.640.40159090910
4 LA MCR B - E233.039.96181.027.74181.027.7411
4 LA MCR B - F197.318.43107.714.60107.714.6011
4 L A MCR2A - G173.357.4168.012.9168.012.9111
4 LA MCR2A - H187.017.9994.014.0294.014.0211
4 RA MCR1A - A291.0612.44542.31542.3111
4 RA MCR1A - B278.6611.9160.532.5960.532.5911
4 RA MCR1B - C227.59.7263.812.7363.812.7311
4 RA MCR1B - D190.168.13101.24.32162.436.940.62303761620
4 RA MCR2 - E185.717.9483.243.5683.243.5611
4 RA MCR2 - F124.915.3466.752.8566.752.8511
4 RA MCR2 - G164.077.01116.114.96116.114.9611
4 RA MCR2 - H136.035.81118.045.04118.045.0411
6 LA MCR1 - A222.699.52174.427.45264.8811.320.6584868620
6 LA MCR1 - B304.913.03112.754.82250.5710.710.44997405910
6 LA MCR1 - C302.3312.92125.175.35125.175.3511
6 LA MCR2 - D184.787.9095.194.0795.194.0711
6 LA MCR2 - E236.3210.1088.843.80248.1310.600.35803812520
6 LA MCR2 - F302.4512.92124.155.31206.328.820.60173516870
6 RA MCR1 - A128.655.501506.411506.4111
6 RA MCR1 - B1807.69151.926.49151.926.4911
6 RA MCR1 - C173.977.4360.532.5960.532.5911
6 RA MCR2 - D156.266.6880.963.46110.864.740.73029045640
6 RA MCR2 - E216.639.26194.678.32194.678.3211
6 RA MCR2 - F129.295.5245.181.93182.327.790.24780605530
7 LA 1 - A210.749.0132.651.40102.654.390.31807111540
7 LA 1 - B189.288.0979.813.4179.813.4111
7 LA 1 - C105.84.5241.771.7841.771.7811
7 LA 2 - D275.5911.78122.15.22122.15.2211
7 LA 2 - E267.2211.42100.694.30100.694.3011
7 LA 2 - F145.676.2260.532.5960.532.5911
7 RA 1 - A215.599.2174.113.1774.113.1711
7 RA 1 - B169.657.2591.783.9291.783.9211
7 RA 1 - C171.767.3497.744.1897.744.1811
7 RA 2 - D225.069.6289.023.8089.023.8011
7 RA 2 - E185.047.9155.082.3555.082.3511
7 RA 2 - F29012.3976.063.2576.063.2511
9 RAFW A - A209.098.9391.143.89114.114.880.79870300590
9 RAFW A - B279.6611.9562.012.6562.012.6511
9 RAFW A - C28112.0160.172.57106.214.540.56651916020
9 RAFW B - D98.794.2278.593.3678.593.3611
9 RAFW B - E106.154.5432.561.3932.561.3911
9 RAFW B - F96.614.1351.432.2051.432.2011
9 RAFW B - G265.0711.3355.012.3555.012.3511
9 LA 1 - A206.668.8383.533.5783.533.5711
9 LA 1 - B206.28.8162.652.6862.652.6811
9 LA 2 - C218.839.3575.433.2275.433.2211
9 LA 2 - D151.086.4697.724.1897.724.1811
9 LA 2 - E185.167.9153.452.2893.644.000.57080307560
9 LA 2 - F212.259.0771.063.0471.063.0411
10 LA MCR 1 2 A124.025.301104.70156.016.670.70508300750
10 LA MCR 1 2 B208.318.90128.395.49128.395.4911
10 LA MCR 3 4 C213.719.13104.714.47104.714.4711
10 LA MCR 3 4 D176.167.5361.682.64127.135.430.48517265790
10 RA MCR1 A208.548.9189.023.8089.023.8011
10 RA MCR1 B269.5411.5281.063.4681.063.4611
10 RA MCR1 C263.2311.25112.044.79143.096.110.7830037040
10 RA MCR1 D290.4112.4197.014.1597.014.1511
10 RA MCR2 E1285.47105.044.49105.044.4911
10 RA MCR2 F215.089.1944.011.8844.011.8811
10 RA MCR2 G1596.7991.013.8991.013.8911
0.7638888889
72
MCR less Gaps
10mm = 234.02 pixels
Slide thickness = 594.01
W PixelsWidthD PixelsDepthT PixelsThicknessPenetranceTransmurality
2 RA 1 2 3 - 1149.66.3932.061.3732.061.371100
9 RAFW B - E106.154.5432.561.3932.561.3911121250.4285714286
10 RA MCR2 F215.089.1944.011.8844.011.8811
2 RA 1 2 3 - 3143.956.1544.941.9244.941.9211
9 RAFW B - F96.614.1351.432.2051.432.2011
4 RA MCR1A - A291.0612.44542.31542.3111
9 RAFW B - G265.0711.3355.012.3555.012.3511
7 RA 2 - E185.047.9155.082.3555.082.3511
4 RA MCR1A - B278.6611.9160.532.5960.532.5911
6 RA MCR1 - C173.977.4360.532.5960.532.5911
7 LA 2 - F145.676.2260.532.5960.532.5911
9 RAFW A - B279.6611.9562.012.6562.012.6511
9 LA 1 - B206.28.8162.652.6862.652.6811
4 RA MCR1B - C227.59.7263.812.7363.812.7311
4 RA MCR2 - F124.915.3466.752.8566.752.8511
2 RA 4 5 6 - 4100.124.28682.91682.9111
4 L A MCR2A - G173.357.4168.012.9168.012.9111
9 LA 2 - F212.259.0771.063.0471.063.0411
7 RA 1 - A215.599.2174.113.1774.113.1711
9 LA 2 - C218.839.3575.433.2275.433.2211
7 RA 2 - F29012.3976.063.2576.063.2511
9 RAFW B - D98.794.2278.593.3678.593.3611
7 LA 1 - B189.288.0979.813.4179.813.4111
10 RA MCR1 B269.5411.5281.063.4681.063.4611
4 RA MCR2 - E185.717.9483.243.5683.243.5611
9 LA 1 - A206.668.8383.533.5783.533.5711
10 RA MCR1 A208.548.9189.023.8089.023.8011
7 RA 2 - D225.069.6289.023.8089.023.8011
10 RA MCR2 G1596.7991.013.8991.013.8911
7 RA 1 - B169.657.2591.783.9291.783.9211
9 LA 2 - E185.167.9153.452.2893.644.000.57080307560
4 LA MCR2A - H187.017.9994.014.0294.014.0211
6 LA MCR2 - D184.787.9095.194.0795.194.0711
10 RA MCR1 D290.4112.4197.014.1597.014.1511
9 LA 2 - D151.086.4697.724.1897.724.1811
7 RA 1 - C171.767.3497.744.1897.744.1811
7 LA 2 - E267.2211.42100.694.30100.694.3011
7 LA 1 - A210.749.0132.651.40102.654.390.31807111540
2 RA 4 5 6 - 6281.212.02103.044.40103.044.4011
10 LA MCR 3 4 C213.719.13104.714.47104.714.4711
10 RA MCR2 E1285.47105.044.49105.044.4911
9 RAFW A - C28112.0160.172.57106.214.540.56651916020
2 LA 1 2 3 - 2208.638.92106.534.55106.534.5511
4 LA MCR B - F197.318.43107.714.60107.714.6011
6 RA MCR2 - D156.266.6880.963.46110.864.740.73029045640
4 LA MCR1 B - B1536.54112.94.82112.94.8211
9 RAFW A - A209.098.9391.143.89114.114.880.79870300590
4 RA MCR2 - G164.077.01116.114.96116.114.9611
4 RA MCR2 - H136.035.81118.045.04118.045.0411
7 LA 2 - D275.5911.78122.15.22122.15.2211
2 RA 4 5 6 - 5241.0510.3070.012.99123.045.260.56900195060
6 LA MCR1 - C302.3312.92125.175.35125.175.3511
10 LA MCR 3 4 D176.167.5361.682.64127.135.430.48517265790
10 LA MCR 1 2 B208.318.90128.395.49128.395.4911
4 LA MCR1 A - D274.1211.7153.012.271325.640.40159090910
10 RA MCR1 C263.2311.25112.044.79143.096.110.7830037040
6 RA MCR1 - A128.655.501506.411506.4111
6 RA MCR1 - B1807.69151.926.49151.926.4911
2 LA 1 2 3 - 3182.027.78153.536.56153.536.5611
10 LA MCR 1 2 A124.025.301104.70156.016.670.70508300750
4 RA MCR1B - D190.168.13101.24.32162.436.940.62303761620
4 LA MCR1 A - C157.016.7176.063.25177.017.560.42969323770
4 LA MCR B - E233.039.96181.027.74181.027.7411
6 RA MCR2 - F129.295.5245.181.93182.327.790.24780605530
6 RA MCR2 - E216.639.26194.678.32194.678.3211
6 LA MCR2 - F302.4512.92124.155.31206.328.820.60173516870
6 LA MCR2 - E236.3210.1088.843.80248.1310.600.35803812520
6 LA MCR1 - B304.913.03112.754.82250.5710.710.44997405910
6 LA MCR1 - A222.699.52174.427.45264.8811.320.6584868620229
Average8.63.74.455
Stdev2.51.52.280.5555555556
MCR less Gaps
CoolRail 40 Seconds
Transmural Line
Tissue Thickness
Lesion Depth
CoolRail Chronic Lesion Depth vs. Tissue Thickness
Sheet2
Sheet3
-
BIPOLAR RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATIONAtricure Bipolar Device
Medtronic Bipolar Device
-
Bipolar RF Device
-
Bipolar RF Energy
-2.00 -1.50 -1.00 0.001.00 1.50
2.00-18.25
-9.250.00
9.2518.25
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Max
Tem
p (o
C)
Distance from Electrode Laterally (mm)
90-10080-9070-8060-7050-6040-5030-4020-30
3 mm
Most ablation by resistive heating.Minimal effects of convective cooling.
+
-
+
-
Chart1
-2-2-2-2-2
-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5
-1-1-1-1-1
00000
11111
1.51.51.51.51.5
22222
-18.25
-9.25
0
9.25
18.25
Distance from Electrode Laterally (mm)
MaxTemp (oC)
31.73
36.277
34.447
31.742
32.406
44.542
49.159
46.041
43.168
44.071
57.354
62.04
57.634
54.593
55.736
70.166
69.697
69.228
63
60
57.354
62.04
57.634
54.593
55.736
44.542
49.159
46.041
43.168
44.071
31.73
36.277
34.447
31.742
32.406
2-2
-2-1.5-1011.52
-18.2526.24231.55636.8742.18536.8731.55626.242
-9.2528.80633.46938.13242.43738.13233.46928.806
031.27635.0838.88442.68838.88435.0831.276
9.2527.74433.39339.04244.28539.04233.39327.744
18.2529.72835.11340.49845.88240.49835.11329.728
Run 2-2
2-2
-18.25
-9.25
0
9.25
18.25
Distance from Electrode Laterally (mm)
MaxTemp (oC)
6-4
-2-1.5-1011.52
-18.2527.0438.79250.54462.29750.54438.79227.04
-9.2529.65739.79749.93855.97149.93839.79729.657
028.38335.4742.55749.64442.55735.4728.383
9.2525.69733.61441.53151.56341.53133.61425.697
18.2529.85637.73145.60653.48145.60637.73129.856
Run 6-4
6-4
-18.25
-9.25
0
9.25
18.25
Distance from Centerline of Electrode, Lateral Direction (mm)
Maximum Temperature (degrees C)
Distance from Middle of Electrode, Longitudinal Direction (mm)
18-1
-18.25
-9.25
0
9.25
18.25
Distance from Electrode Laterally (mm)
MaxTemp (oC)
2-3
-2-1.5-1011.52
-18.2536.02953.4870.93188.38270.93153.4836.029
-9.2544.364.01683.73287.63283.73264.01644.3
038.30954.570.69186.88370.69154.538.309
9.2539.35854.85670.35585.03270.35554.85639.358
18.2543.39156.65469.91883.18169.91856.65443.391
Run 18-1
2-3
-18.25
-9.25
0
9.25
18.25
Distance from Centerline of Electrode, Lateral Direction (mm)
Maximum Temperature (degrees C)
Distance from Middle of Electrode, Longitudinal Direction (mm)
6-1
-2-2-2-2-2
-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5
-1-1-1-1-1
00000
11111
1.51.51.51.51.5
22222
-18.25
-9.25
0
9.25
18.25
Distance from Electrode Laterally (mm)
MaxTemp (oC)
10-2
-2-1.5-1011.52
-18.2528.65136.13143.61151.0943.61136.13128.651
-9.2532.91237.15641.446.80741.437.15632.912
029.18833.63338.07942.52438.07933.63329.188
9.2529.13131.77234.41344.03234.41331.77229.131
18.2525.77132.36138.95145.54138.95132.36125.771
Run 2-3
10-2
-18.25
-9.25
0
9.25
18.25
Distance from Centerline of Electrode, Lateral Direction (mm)
Maximum Temperature (degrees C)
Distance from Middle of Electrode, Longitudinal Direction (mm)
-2-1.5-1011.52
-18.2519.99332.90845.82358.73745.82332.90819.993
-9.2525.8734.53243.19452.30643.19434.53225.87
026.61233.03339.45445.87439.45433.03326.612
9.2524.03333.98743.94148.28543.94133.98724.033
18.2525.56833.94442.3250.69642.3233.94425.568
Run 6-1
-18.25
-9.25
0
9.25
18.25
Distance from Centerline of Electrode, Lateral Direction (mm)
Maximum Temperature (degrees C)
Distance from Middle of Electrode, Longitudinal Direction (mm)
-2-1.5-1011.52
-18.2531.7344.54257.35470.16657.35444.54231.73
-9.2536.27749.15962.0469.69762.0449.15936.277
034.44746.04157.63469.22857.63446.04134.447
9.2531.74243.16854.5936354.59343.16831.742
18.2532.40644.07155.7366055.73644.07132.406
Run 10-2
-18.25
-9.25
0
9.25
18.25
Distance from Centerline of Electrode, Lateral Direction (mm)
Maximum Temperature (degrees C)
Distance from Middle of Electrode, Longitudinal Direction (mm)
-2-2-2-2-2
-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5
-1-1-1-1-1
00000
11111
1.51.51.51.51.5
22222
-18.25
-9.25
0
9.25
18.25
Distance from Electrode Laterally (mm)
MaxTemp (oC)
-2-2-2-2-2
-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5
-1-1-1-1-1
00000
11111
1.51.51.51.51.5
22222
-18.25
-9.25
0
9.25
18.25
Distance from Electrode Laterally (mm)
MaxTemp (oC)
-
Bipolar RF AblationTissue Conductance
0.001
0.010
0.100
1.000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Seconds
Siemens
Chart1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8
8.1
8.2
RA-Pierce P4Rev
Seconds
0
0.0108365616
0.0120011295
0.0128840269
0.0136922387
0.0143665158
0.0151176705
0.0157651592
0.0164569845
0.0169684014
0.0175576218
0.0182388281
0.0185509361
0.019294391
0.019578546
0.0196893345
0.019954839
0.0199747687
0.0203454997
0.0205723293
0.0207686018
0.0207776626
0.0203091927
0.0182364971
0.0183640603
0.018461016
0.017930352
0.0176871698
0.0179250407
0.0180847769
0.0182772654
0.0184774935
0.0186687518
0.0184883353
0.0186998671
0.0188159481
0.0187985691
0.0190533343
0.0191017166
0.0186718424
0.0189838774
0.017571848
0.0166805855
0.0162314749
0.0161293746
0.0161566604
0.0163040003
0.0165303599
0.0164245786
0.0150828076
0.015041319
0.0153442358
0.0156701031
0.0145191942
0.01447518
0.0122280654
0.0059453962
0.0036561873
0.0029365881
0.0028026979
0.0025973004
0.0015589792
0.002018719
0.0017710725
0.0015874057
0.0015095826
0.0014709552
0.0014314042
0.0014045681
0.0014716897
0.0014178438
0.0014048632
0.0014058415
0.0014044391
0.0014176949
0.0014040152
0.001416152
0.0014182721
0.0014311223
0.0014454095
0.0014569415
0.0014563489
0.0015089883
Grace 11-28-00
Male Sheep 109.6 lbs
#Y12PresetPreset
ApproxMaxVoltageCurrent
Sample #Tissue TypePROTOTYPEAblation TimeFile #Photo #Temp(V)ma*Comments
1Rappp4-rev7.511,124775750*The was popping because there was blood on the surface. The lesion looks really good. The dark spot is blood. Pacing RA with capture. Pacied islated appendage with no capture.
2IVCp4-rev6.313-154675750*The spike was great came at 1 second. Held for 5 seconds after. There was a little popping because of the blood. The lesion is a little dark because of the blood. Pacing from behind the line did not capture in the heart.
3RPVp4-rev--1675750Impedance was 16 ohms. Wasn't working. Repositioned closer to atrium.
4RPVp4-rev7.617-194975750*RPV went pretty quick. It spiked right away. Held longer. There was fat. Inability to pace from the isolated section showed that the lesion electrically isolated the veins. Dr Damiano struggled with the prototype again. Said he really can't wait for
5SVCp4-rev-------SVC couldn't be done underneath. The'll try something different after the puncture lesion.
6RAPiercep4-rev11.320-214875750*Lesion looks very goo picture taken
7SVCp4-rev23.2225775750*Interesting lesion. Came in from the top and clamped down. A lot of atrium was in the jaws. During the energy application in kind of bumped like it was going through fat. Hit a spike, then spiked again. Pat held for 5 seconds after. He ablated the S
* SB -Set both at maximum (voltage and current)
Euquipment SN003 Enable Generator, Pats Computer, Data Acquisition Cable 183569B-0. Generator Calibrated at 75V and 750 mA
Notes: This sheep has adhesions of the lungs to his pericardium and it was realy difficult to get to the SVC
The adhesions also caused a lot of capillary bleeding when the pericardium was opened.
The adhesions were located on the right side and appear to be due to a history of illness of our sheep
1Big Boys Rapp on outsid
2Big Boys Rapp on inside
3Big Boys SVC on inside
4Big Boys SVC on inside
5Dewys SVC on inside
6
7
8
9
10ivc rpv svc junction
11ra clamped
12ra lesion
13ivc rpv svc junction
14ivc rpv svc junction
15ivc rpv svc junction
16rpv clamped the 1st time
17rpv clamped 2nd time
18rpv lesion
19rpv lesion
20rapierce clamped
21rapierce lesion
22svc
&LAtriCure&C&"Arial,Bold"GRACE CHRONIC LABST LOUIS&R&UENR0153-6&UDate: 11/28/00
&L&8RA-Right Atrium LA- Left AtruimLPV - Left PUlmonary Vein&10&C&8RApp - Right Atrial AppendageLApp- Left Atrial AppendageRPV - Right Pulmonary Vein&R&8SVC - superior Vena CavaIVC - Inferior Vena Cava...
All Charts
`
&LAtriCure&RA-EN1054-611-28-00 St. Louis109 lb Sheep
All Charts
000000
0.10.10.10.10.10.1
0.20.20.20.20.20.2
0.30.30.30.30.30.3
0.40.40.40.40.40.4
0.50.50.50.50.50.5
0.60.60.60.60.60.6
0.70.70.70.70.70.7
0.80.80.80.80.80.8
0.90.90.90.90.90.9
111111
1.11.11.11.11.11.1
1.21.21.21.21.21.2
1.31.31.31.31.31.3
1.41.41.41.41.41.4
1.51.51.51.51.51.5
1.61.61.61.61.61.6
1.71.71.71.71.71.7
1.81.81.81.81.81.8
1.91.91.91.91.91.9
222222
2.12.12.12.12.12.1
2.22.22.22.22.22.2
2.32.32.32.32.32.3
2.42.42.42.42.42.4
2.52.52.52.52.52.5
2.62.62.62.62.62.6
2.72.72.72.72.72.7
2.82.82.82.82.82.8
2.92.92.92.92.92.9
333333
3.13.13.13.13.13.1
3.23.23.23.23.23.2
3.33.33.33.33.33.3
3.43.43.43.43.43.4
3.53.53.53.53.53.5
3.63.63.63.63.63.6
3.73.73.73.73.73.7
3.83.83.83.83.83.8
3.93.93.93.93.93.9
444444
4.14.14.14.14.14.1
4.24.24.24.24.24.2
4.34.34.34.34.34.3
4.44.44.44.44.44.4
4.54.54.54.54.54.5
4.64.64.64.64.64.6
4.74.74.74.74.74.7
4.84.84.84.84.84.8
4.94.94.94.94.94.9
555555
5.15.15.15.15.15.1
5.25.25.25.25.25.2
5.35.35.35.35.35.3
5.45.45.45.45.45.4
5.55.55.55.55.55.5
5.65.65.65.65.65.6
5.75.75.75.75.75.7
5.85.85.85.85.85.8
5.95.95.95.95.95.9
666666
6.16.16.16.16.16.1
6.26.26.26.26.26.2
6.36.36.36.36.36.3
6.46.46.46.46.4
6.56.56.56.56.5
6.66.66.66.66.6
6.76.76.76.76.7
6.86.86.86.86.8
6.96.96.96.96.9
77777
7.17.17.17.17.1
7.27.27.27.27.2
7.37.37.37.37.3
7.47.47.47.47.4
7.57.57.57.57.5
7.67.67.67.6
7.77.77.7
7.87.87.8
7.97.97.9
888
8.18.18.1
8.28.28.2
8.38.38.3
8.48.48.4
8.58.58.5
8.68.68.6
8.78.78.7
8.88.88.8
8.98.98.9
999
9.19.19.1
9.29.29.2
9.39.39.3
9.49.49.4
9.59.59.5
9.69.69.6
9.79.79.7
9.89.89.8
9.99.99.9
101010
10.110.110.1
10.210.210.2
10.310.310.3
10.410.410.4
10.510.510.5
10.610.610.6
10.710.710.7
10.810.810.8
10.910.910.9
111111
11.111.111.1
11.211.211.2
11.311.311.3
11.411.4
11.511.5
11.611.6
11.711.7
11.811.8
11.911.9
1212
12.112.1
12.212.2
12.312.3
12.412.4
12.512.5
12.612.6
12.712.7
12.812.8
12.912.9
1313
13.113.1
13.213.2
13.313.3
13.413.4
13.513.5
13.613.6
13.713.7
13.813.8
13.913.9
1414
14.114.1
14.214.2
14.314.3
14.414.4
14.514.5
14.614.6
14.714.7
14.814.8
14.914.9
1515
15.115.1
15.215.2
15.315.3
15.415.4
15.515.5
15.615.6
15.715.7
15.815.8
15.915.9
1616
16.116.1
16.216.2
16.316.3
16.416.4
16.516.5
16.616.6
16.716.7
16.816.8
16.916.9
1717
17.117.1
17.217.2
17.317.3
17.417.4
17.517.5
17.617.6
17.717.7
17.817.8
17.917.9
1818
18.118.1
18.218.2
18.318.3
18.418.4
18.518.5
18.618.6
18.718.7
18.818.8
18.918.9
1919
19.119.1
19.219.2
19.319.3
19.419.4
19.519.5
19.619.6
19.719.7
19.819.8
19.919.9
2020
20.120.1
20.220.2
20.320.3
20.420.4
20.520.5
20.620.6
20.720.7
20.820.8
20.920.9
2121
21.121.1
21.221.2
21.321.3
21.421.4
21.521.5
21.621.6
21.721.7
21.821.8
21.921.9
2222
22.122.1
22.222.2
22.322.3
22.422.4
22.522.5
22.622.6
22.722.7
22.822.8
22.922.9
2323
23.123.1
23.223.2
23.3
23.4
23.5
23.6
23.7
R-App-P4Rev
RA-Pierce P4Rev
RPV P4Rev
SVC-p4Rev
IVC-P4Rev
Conductance
0
0
0
0
0
0.0025
0.0070369737
0.0108365616
0.0159276436
0.0093225277
0.0132462847
0.0025
0.0092758276
0.0120011295
0.0196853425
0.0100906313
0.0149271274
0.0025
0.009723664
0.0128840269
0.0198810802
0.0106011005
0.0160845978
0.0025
0.0102150962
0.0136922387
0.0196489593
0.0110144928
0.0180413585
0.0025
0.010660238
0.0143665158
0.0149230317
0.0112753585
0.0174472204
0.0025
0.0110883732
0.0151176705
0.0128162002
0.0115465042
0.018116545
0.0025
0.0113378685
0.0157651592
0.0130694227
0.0116630603
0.0187387654
0.0025
0.0116729736
0.0164569845
0.0129984878
0.0119298246
0.0174140678
0.0025
0.0119341499
0.0169684014
0.0115512309
0.0121012101
0.0184572735
0.0025
0.012144909
0.0175576218
0.0083905117
0.0121812258
0.0181041642
0.0025
0.0124504995
0.0182388281
0.0074916686
0.0123822868
0.0180558873
0.0025
0.0125074155
0.0185509361
0.0067401319
0.0125446853
0.017755632
0.0025
0.0126403561
0.019294391
0.006213037
0.0125595711
0.0164517178
0.0025
0.0116216999
0.019578546
0.0058659436
0.0128230984
0.014269063
0.0025
0.0112055984
0.0196893345
0.0059804847
0.0127845443
0.0044647413
0.0025
0.0105248638
0.019954839
0.0057159414
0.0129103401
0.0011157784
0.0025
0.009759416
0.0199747687
0.0053899476
0.0129448195
0.0010506823
0.0025
0.0079154634
0.0203454997
0.0049104526
0.0130679877
0.0010502547
0.0025
0.0067610145
0.0205723293
0.0044743318
0.0131540232
0.0010367182
0.0025
0.006466337
0.0207686018
0.0042585531
0.0132229405
0.0010375488
0.0025
0.0064590663
0.0207776626
0.0039276988
0.0131871183
0.0010372354
0.0025
0.0064616961
0.0203091927
0.0035591862
0.0132655548
0.0010373308
0.0025
0.0065601302
0.0182364971
0.0030737437
0.0133756956
0.0010372354
0.0025
0.0066761978
0.0183640603
0.0035421132
0.0134758528
0.0010499377
0.0025
0.0066107665
0.018461016
0.0024473877
0.0133607943
0.001050365
0.0025
0.006571957
0.017930352
0.0023843027
0.0134911747
0.0010752265
0.0025
0.0065509636
0.0176871698
0.0020621536
0.0136157607
0.0010762991
0.0025
0.0060258363
0.0179250407
0.0019180746
0.0136215364
0.0010902977
0.0025
0.0058755639
0.0180847769
0.0013637019
0.0135154411
0.0011026516
0.0025
0.0057877814
0.0182772654
0.0013225088
0.013580644
0.0011033178
0.0025
0.0038257953
0.0184774935
0.0015434135
0.0136230478
0.0011164526
0.0025
0.0027631183
0.0186687518
0.0013365305
0.0136991246
0.0011156759
0.0025
0.0024022053
0.0184883353
0.0013092775
0.0137988634
0.0011290238
0.0025
0.0019167148
0.0186998671
0.0013653311
0.0137305559
0.0011292462
0.0025
0.0016141309
0.0188159481
0.0014487409
0.0138353989
0.0011417023
0.0025
0.0013788756
0.0187985691
0.0012950148
0.0137732049
0.0011551588
0.0025
0.0013400247
0.0190533343
0.0013230286
0.0139494014
0.0011673509
0.0025
0.0013132149
0.0191017166
0.0014211274
0.0140671546
0.0011821263
0.0025
0.0013260858
0.0186718424
0.0013364079
0.0140111205
0.0011947902
0.0025
0.0013668384
0.0189838774
0.0014472922
0.0139995217
0.0011933487
0.0025
0.0013920078
0.017571848
0.0012964394
0.013948182
0.0011955122
0.0025
0.0014045681
0.0166805855
0.0014765791
0.0139446246
0.0012584223
0.0025
0.001392154
0.0162314749
0.0015925034
0.0140519553
0.0012331912
0.0025
0.001430972
0.0161293746
0.0023030126
0.0141437451
0.0012328192
0.0025
0.0014719798
0.0161566604
0.0017933435
0.0142020634
0.0012200722
0.0025
0.0014700671
0.0163040003
0.0014869204
0.0140743481
0.0012210493
0.0025
0.0014825894
0.0165303599
0.0016402116
0.0140858123
0.0012071907
0.0025
0.0014429447
0.0164245786
0.0013863095
0.0141849253
0.0012085227
0.0025
0.0014582622
0.0150828076
0.001471245
0.0141474449
0.0012080308
0.0025
0.0014836406
0.015041319
0.0014031683
0.014135853
0.0012200722
0.0025
0.0014967701
0.0153442358
0.0015254728
0.0142499158
0.0012210493
0.0025
0.0014854153
0.0156701031
0.0014455425
0.0141281747
0.0012075551
0.0025
0.001468294
0.0145191942
0.0013634159
0.0142046515
0.0012083957
0.0025
0.0014840887
0.01447518
0.0014873509
0.0141411883
0.0012081577
0.0025
0.0015086914
0.0122280654
0.0014556232
0.0142168585
0.0012075551
0.0025
0.0014981077
0.0059453962
0.0013918615
0.0143002296
0.0012075551
0.0025
0.0014840887
0.0036561873
0.0014051399
0.0143271331
0.0011953866
0.0025
0.00146918
0.0029365881
0.0016302835
0.0143515371
0.0011947902
0.0025
0.0015111099
0.0028026979
0.001390328
0.0142932569
0.0012075551
0.0025
0.0015234893
0.0025973004
0.0013634159
0.0142755175
0.001206589
0.0025
0.0015106534
0.0015589792
0.0014327024
0.0143145047
0.0012623274
0.0025
0.0015100385
0.002018719
0.0014464168
0.0143846765
0.0012211615
0.0025
0.0015111099
0.0017710725
0.0013635589
0.0144354473
0.001222269
0.0025
0.00152425
0.0015874057
0.0013602951
0.0143560527
0.0025
0.0015216507
0.0015095826
0.0014030395
0.014364182
0.0025
0.0015234893
0.0014709552
0.0013907476
0.0143538865
0.0025
0.001497065
0.0014314042
0.0014477304
0.0143786893
0.0025
0.0015118649
0.0014045681
0.0013772117
0.0143128515
0.0025
0.0015103558
0.0014716897
0.0013906199
0.0144941284
0.0025
0.0015239497
0.0014178438
0.0014586838
0.0144748355
0.0025
0.0015213514
0.0014048632
0.0014047156
0.0143846765
0.0025
0.0015502247
0.0014058415
0.0013624692
0.0144143462
0.0025
0.0015742867
0.0014044391
0.0013378628
0.01447518
0.0025
0.001548963
0.0014176949
0.0013763993
0.0145150273
0.0025
0.0015379964
0.0014040152
0.0014622194
0.0143491823
0.0025
0.001416152
0.0014743438
0.0144166273
0.0025
0.0014182721
0.0144521792
0.0025
0.0014311223
0.0144773944
0.0025
0.0014454095
0.0143219313
0.0025
0.0014569415
0.0143876763
0.0025
0.0014563489
0.0143326535
0.0025
0.0015089883
0.0142757987
0.0025
0.0015239497
0.0142709411
0.0025
0.0015233293
0.014154731
0.0025
0.0015367641
0.0142819608
0.0025
0.0015363
0.0142165024
0.0025
0.0015481907
0.0141795205
0.0025
0.0015749065
0.0141624704
0.0025
0.001576334
0.0141579732
0.0025
0.00158899
0.0141669003
0.0025
0.0015888231
0.0140468104
0.0025
0.0015893031
0.0140618351
0.0025
0.0016152543
0.0139779219
0.0025
0.0016267629
0.0140131845
0.0025
0.0016285575
0.0138993307
0.0025
0.0016150846
0.0138257231
0.0025
0.0016144487
0.0137683654
0.0025
0.0016405276
0.0136988758
0.0025
0.0016413462
0.013766758
0.0025
0.0016264215
0.0135993558
0.0025
0.0016277238
0.0136122654
0.0025
0.0016159121
0.0135530352
0.0025
0.0016385706
0.0135159042
0.0025
0.0016662731
0.0133678537
0.0025
0.0016692955
0.0135037078
0.0025
0.001680915
0.0134184287
0.0025
0.0016915149
0.013412055
0.0025
0.0016937136
0.0134373952
0.0025
0.0017206504
0.0133898604
0.0025
0.001719115
0.0134450232
0.0025
0.0017331023
0.0132857218
0.0025
0.0017203115
0.013455916
0.0025
0.0017329202
0.0133678537
0.0025
0.0134469164
0.0025
0.0133826779
0.0025
0.0133373164
0.0025
0.0134203398
0.0025
0.013366224
0.0025
0.0133754054
0.0025
0.0132750328
0.0025
0.0129706113
0.0025
0.0129053046
0.0025
0.0128438819
0.0025
0.0127875086
0.0025
0.0127719486
0.0025
0.0126641106
0.0025
0.0096129919
0.0025
0.0087468527
0.0025
0.0082581994
0.0025
0.0074932326
0.0025
0.0064042957
0.0025
0.0058618338
0.0025
0.0055400935
0.0025
0.0052675027
0.0025
0.0050588451
0.0025
0.0049448459
0.0025
0.0048311716
0.0025
0.0048087661
0.0025
0.0048350436
0.0025
0.0047564763
0.0025
0.0047176611
0.0025
0.0046886697
0.0025
0.0046900864
0.0025
0.0047612177
0.0025
0.0046900864
0.0025
0.0046482923
0.0025
0.0048126233
0.0025
0.0047313637
0.0025
0.004556377
0.0025
0.0044939993
0.0025
0.0044553675
0.0025
0.0044925518
0.0025
0.0044653997
0.0025
0.004466749
0.0025
0.0044677952
0.0025
0.0044299554
0.0025
0.0044290821
0.0025
0.0044522662
0.0025
0.004456246
0.0025
0.0044758292
0.0025
0.0044785332
0.0025
0.0043883276
0.0025
0.0043725462
0.0025
0.0041616342
0.0025
0.0040840983
0.0025
0.0038863505
0.0025
0.0035343552
0.0025
0.0029753323
0.0025
0.0022859245
0.0025
0.0019843356
0.0025
0.0018642021
0.0025
0.0017994588
0.0025
0.0017730264
0.0025
0.0017206504
0.0025
0.0017078746
0.0025
0.0016291995
0.0025
0.0015769554
0.0025
0.0015240898
0.0025
0.0014706462
0.0025
0.0014579557
0.0025
0.0014441002
0.0025
0.0014566547
0.0025
0.0014449728
0.0025
0.0013794372
0.0025
0.001366569
0.0025
0.0013656
0.0025
0.0013534289
0.0025
0.0013662997
0.0025
0.0013526113
0.0025
0.0013776273
0.0025
0.0013783145
0.0025
0.0013781879
0.0025
0.0013645071
0.0025
0.0013645071
0.0025
0.0013783145
0.0025
0.001392154
0.0025
0.0014194091
0.0025
0.0013924283
0.0025
0.0013911674
0.0025
0.0017740749
0.0025
0.0017462318
0.0025
0.0017051193
0.0025
0.001705992
0.0025
0.0016554769
0.0025
0.0016152543
0.0025
0.0015764996
0.0025
0.0015635059
0.0025
0.0015364614
0.0025
0.0015352316
0.0025
0.0015091467
0.0025
0.0014964558
0.0025
0.0014957097
0.0025
0.0014836406
0.0025
0.0014700671
0.0025
0.0014686021
0.0025
0.0015511417
0.0025
0.0015088299
0.0025
0.0015243902
0.0025
0.0014842252
0.0025
0.0014718251
0.0025
0.001471245
0.0025
0.0014694692
0.0025
0.0014839328
0.0025
0.001471245
0.0025
0.00146918
0.0025
0.0014693342
0.0025
0.0014849664
0.0025
0.0014842252
0.0025
0.0014721346
0.0025
0.0014836406
0.0025
0.0014845372
0.0025
0.0014716897
0.0025
0.0025
0.0025
0.0025
0.0025
0.0025
Impedance
0000
0.10.10.10.1
0.20.20.20.2
0.30.30.30.3
0.40.40.40.4
0.50.50.50.5
0.60.60.60.6
0.70.70.70.7
0.80.80.80.8
0.90.90.90.9
1111
1.11.11.11.1
1.21.21.21.2
1.31.31.31.3
1.41.41.41.4
1.51.51.51.5
1.61.61.61.6
1.71.71.71.7
1.81.81.81.8
1.91.91.91.9
2222
2.12.12.12.1
2.22.22.22.2
2.32.32.32.3
2.42.42.42.4
2.52.52.52.5
2.62.62.62.6
2.72.72.72.7
2.82.82.82.8
2.92.92.92.9
3333
3.13.13.13.1
3.23.23.23.2
3.33.33.33.3
3.43.43.43.4
3.53.53.53.5
3.63.63.63.6
3.73.73.73.7
3.83.83.83.8
3.93.93.93.9
4444
4.14.14.14.1
4.24.24.24.2
4.34.34.34.3
4.44.44.44.4
4.54.54.54.5
4.64.64.64.6
4.74.74.74.7
4.84.84.84.8
4.94.94.94.9
5555
5.15.15.15.1
5.25.25.25.2
5.35.35.35.3
5.45.45.45.4
5.55.55.55.5
5.65.65.65.6
5.75.75.75.7
5.85.85.85.8
5.95.95.95.9
6666
6.16.16.16.1
6.26.26.26.2
6.36.36.36.3
6.46.46.46.4
6.56.56.56.5
6.66.66.66.6
6.76.76.76.7
6.86.86.86.8
6.96.96.96.9
7777
7.17.17.17.1
7.27.27.27.2
7.37.37.37.3
7.47.47.47.4
7.57.57.57.5
7.67.67.67.6
7.77.77.77.7
7.87.87.87.8
7.97.97.97.9
8888
8.18.18.18.1
8.28.28.28.2
8.38.38.38.3
8.48.48.48.4
8.58.58.58.5
8.68.68.68.6
8.78.78.78.7
8.88.88.88.8
8.98.98.98.9
9999
9.19.19.19.1
9.29.29.29.2
9.39.39.39.3
9.49.49.49.4
9.59.59.59.5
9.69.69.69.6
9.79.79.79.7
9.89.89.89.8
9.99.99.99.9
10101010
10.110.110.110.1
10.210.210.210.2
10.310.310.310.3
10.410.410.410.4
10.510.510.510.5
10.610.610.610.6
10.710.710.710.7
10.810.810.810.8
10.910.910.910.9
11111111
11.111.111.111.1
11.211.211.211.2
11.311.311.311.3
11.411.411.411.4
11.511.511.511.5
11.611.611.611.6
11.711.711.711.7
11.811.811.811.8
11.911.911.911.9
12121212
12.112.112.112.1
12.212.212.212.2
12.312.312.312.3
12.412.412.412.4
12.512.512.512.5
12.612.612.612.6
12.712.712.712.7
12.812.812.812.8
12.912.912.912.9
13131313
13.113.113.113.1
13.213.213.213.2
13.313.313.313.3
13.413.413.413.4
13.513.513.513.5
13.613.613.613.6
13.713.713.713.7
13.813.813.813.8
13.913.913.913.9
14141414
14.114.114.114.1
14.214.214.214.2
14.314.314.314.3
14.414.414.414.4
14.514.514.514.5
14.614.614.614.6
14.714.714.714.7
14.814.814.814.8
14.914.914.914.9
15151515
15.115.115.115.1
15.215.215.215.2
15.315.315.315.3
15.415.415.415.4
15.515.515.515.5
15.615.615.615.6
15.715.715.715.7
15.815.815.815.8
15.915.915.915.9
16161616
16.116.116.116.1
16.216.216.216.2
16.316.316.316.3
16.416.416.416.4
16.516.516.516.5
16.616.616.616.6
16.716.716.716.7
16.816.816.816.8
16.916.916.916.9
17171717
17.117.117.117.1
17.217.217.217.2
17.317.317.317.3
17.417.417.417.4
17.517.517.517.5
17.617.617.617.6
17.717.717.717.7
17.817.817.817.8
17.917.917.917.9
18181818
18.118.118.118.1
18.218.218.218.2
18.318.318.318.3
18.418.418.418.4
18.518.518.518.5
18.618.618.618.6
18.718.718.718.7
18.818.818.818.8
18.918.918.918.9
19191919
19.119.119.119.1
19.219.219.219.2
19.319.319.319.3
19.419.419.419.4
19.519.519.519.5
19.619.619.619.6
19.719.719.719.7
19.819.819.819.8
19.919.919.919.9
20202020
20.120.120.120.1
20.220.220.220.2
20.320.320.320.3
20.420.420.420.4
20.520.520.520.5
20.620.620.620.6
20.720.720.720.7
20.820.820.820.8
20.920.920.920.9
21212121
21.121.121.121.1
21.221.221.221.2
21.321.321.321.3
21.421.421.421.4
21.521.521.521.5
21.621.621.621.6
21.721.721.721.7
Top Heel
Top Mid.
Bot. Heel
Bot. Mid.
Temperature Right Atrium Pierced P4R
32.801
31.825
37.965
38.413
32.726
31.975
37.965
38.339
32.876
32.05
37.965
38.413
32.951
31.975
38.189
38.413
32.951
31.975
38.115
38.339
32.951
31.975
38.04
38.339
32.876
31.975
37.965
38.488
32.876
31.975
37.891
38.637
32.951
31.975
38.115
38.339
32.801
32.05
38.04
38.189
32.951
32.125
38.189
38.264
32.876
32.05
38.04
38.488
33.026
32.05
38.189
38.488
33.101
32.276
38.115
38.563
33.026
32.125
38.189
38.488
33.101
32.201
38.339
38.488
33.101
32.276
38.413
38.488
33.176
32.201
38.189
38.413
33.026
32.276
38.115
38.563
33.401
32.201
38.264
38.413
33.251
32.651
38.413
38.413
33.326
32.576
38.339
38.637
33.401
32.426
38.339
38.786
33.626
32.651
38.413
38.786
33.626
32.576
38.413
38.786
33.551
32.876
38.339
38.861
33.776
32.951
38.488
39.01
33.701
32.801
38.488
38.936
33.776
33.176
38.786
39.085
33.776
33.251
38.637
39.01
34.001
33.251
38.786
39.085
34.001
33.251
38.786
39.159
34.076
33.176
38.861
39.159
33.926
33.476
38.861
39.309
34.226
33.701
39.01
39.383
34.375
33.701
39.085
39.383
34.45
33.701
39.01
39.532
34.525
33.851
39.159
39.607
34.675
34.001
39.159
39.756
34.75
34.076
39.159
39.98
34.825
34.375
39.458
40.054
34.9
34.45
39.458
40.054
34.975
34.375
39.532
40.129
35.124
34.6
39.607
40.129
35.124
34.9
39.532
40.501
35.199
35.049
39.98
40.501
35.499
34.975
39.905
40.427
35.424
35.049
40.054
40.65
35.723
35.199
39.905
40.799
35.798
35.424
40.129
41.023
35.947
35.573
40.427
40.874
36.022
35.648
40.501
41.097
36.097
36.022
40.501
41.246
36.396
35.873
40.65
41.246
36.247
36.097
40.65
41.321
36.546
36.172
40.725
41.618
36.546
36.471
40.874
41.618
36.695
36.396
41.023
41.693
36.695
36.621
41.172
41.842
36.845
36.77
41.321
41.916
36.994
36.77
41.321
42.065
37.368
36.994
41.693
42.288
37.293
37.144
41.693
42.214
37.293
37.144
42.065
42.288
37.517
37.293
41.916
42.437
37.517
37.368
41.99
42.511
37.816
37.592
42.288
42.362
37.965
37.965
42.288
42.734
38.189
38.189
42.362
42.883
38.115
38.115
42.586
42.883
38.488
38.413
42.586
43.255
38.339
38.189
42.66
43.18
38.637
38.488
42.957
43.18
38.786
38.563
42.957
43.255
38.861
38.712
43.255
43.403
39.085
38.936
43.329
43.552
39.159
38.936
43.478
43.552
39.309
39.01
43.478
43.701
39.458
39.085
43.701
43.924
39.458
39.234
43.775
43.998
39.532
39.532
43.924
43.998
39.756
39.458
44.072
44.146
39.98
39.756
44.072
44.146
39.905
39.756
44.295
44.369
40.054
40.054
44.443
44.369
40.203
40.054
44.518
44.518
40.352
40.054
44.666
44.518
40.203
40.352
44.74
44.666
40.278
40.427
44.666
44.666
40.725
40.576
44.815
44.815
40.576
40.874
44.963
44.815
40.799
40.65
45.037
44.889
40.874
40.725
45.186
45.112
40.874
41.023
45.334
45.26
41.023
41.246
45.334
45.112
41.097
41.097
45.408
45.26
41.246
40.948
45.557
45.483
41.395
41.321
45.483
45.334
41.321
41.544
45.779
45.631
41.469
41.469
45.854
45.557
41.544
41.544
45.631
45.557
41.693
41.693
45.928
45.557
41.767
41.842
46.076
45.854
41.916
41.916
46.002
45.854
41.916
42.065
46.002
45.779
41.916
42.065
46.224
45.854
42.214
42.065
46.521
45.928
42.065
42.362
46.447
46.15
42.214
42.511
46.224
46.076
42.214
42.437
46.373
46.15
42.362
42.437
46.521
46.224
42.586
42.586
46.669
46.15
42.362
42.586
46.521
46.373
42.437
42.66
46.669
46.299
42.511
42.734
46.743
46.447
42.734
42.809
46.743
46.447
42.809
43.106
46.966
46.447
42.809
43.106
46.966
46.521
42.883
42.957
47.04
46.595
42.883
43.255
47.04
46.595
42.957
43.255
47.188
46.595
43.18
43.329
47.188
46.743
43.403
43.478
47.262
46.743
43.403
43.552
47.04
46.669
43.255
43.701
47.41
47.04
43.403
43.701
47.41
46.818
43.329
43.552
47.336
46.818
43.403
43.775
47.336
46.966
43.478
43.701
47.484
47.04
43.478
43.924
47.41
46.892
43.701
43.998
47.484
47.114
43.552
43.998
47.336
47.114
43.701
44.072
47.633
47.114
43.849
44.221
47.484
47.114
43.775
44.146
47.41
47.04
43.924
44.443
47.633
47.114
43.998
44.295
47.633
47.188
43.998
44.221
47.781
47.114
44.072
44.592
47.781
47.114
44.146
44.592
47.633
47.188
44.072
44.592
47.707
47.114
44.146
44.666
47.707
47.114
44.443
44.666
47.633
47.188
44.295
44.815
47.633
47.262
44.221
44.889
47.781
47.04
44.369
44.963
47.559
47.188
44.518
44.889
47.484
47.04
44.369
44.889
47.559
47.114
44.592
45.186
47.559
47.114
44.592
45.112
47.559
47.188
44.74
45.037
47.484
47.262
44.518
45.037
47.336
47.114
44.666
45.26
47.559
47.114
44.592
45.186
47.484
47.188
44.815
45.186
47.633
47.04
44.963
45.26
47.484
47.114
44.815
45.334
47.41
47.04
44.889
45.334
47.41
47.114
44.963
45.483
47.484
46.966
45.037
45.334
47.262
47.188
44.963
45.631
47.41
47.114
45.186
45.631
47.336
46.966
45.037
45.557
47.114
46.966
45.037
45.631
47.188
47.04
45.037
45.557
47.262
46.743
44.889
45.705
47.188
46.818
45.037
45.631
47.262
46.818
45.112
45.705
46.966
46.966
45.186
45.854
47.262
46.743
45.186
45.854
46.966
46.818
45.334
45.928
47.04
46.669
45.186
45.928
47.04
46.743
45.334
45.779
46.818
46.595
45.334
45.854
46.892
46.818
45.334
45.928
46.818
46.743
45.557
46.002
46.892
46.595
45.483
46.15
46.595
46.521
45.408
46.224
46.743
46.595
45.26
46.076
46.818
46.521
45.334
46.15
46.892
46.595
45.631
46.15
46.595
46.373
45.408
46.076
46.743
46.299
45.408
46.15
46.521
46.447
45.408
46.224
46.595
46.15
45.483
46.299
46.447
46.373
45.408
46.373
46.447
46.299
45.483
46.224
46.299
46.002
45.557
46.076
46.299
46.15
45.483
46.447
46.299
46.15
45.557
46.224
46.595
45.928
45.483
46.373
46.224
46.076
45.631
46.373
46.299
45.854
45.705
46.373
46.224
46.002
45.557
46.447
46.224
45.854
45.408
46.299
46.15
45.779
45.557
46.373
46.076
45.779
45.631
46.299
46.076
45.928
45.631
46.299
46.002
45.854
45.705
46.521
45.854
45.854
45.631
46.224
46.002
45.705
45.705
46.224
45.854
45.483
45.631
46.669
45.779
45.631
45.705
46.595
45.779
45.408
45.705
46.447
45.557
45.779
45.557
46.447
45.631
45.557
45.557
46.447
45.631
45.408
45.631
46.373
45.334
45.26
45.631
46.818
45.631
45.408
45.705
46.595
45.483
45.334
45.705
46.373
45.408
45.186
45.483
46.521
45.334
45.26
45.631
46.373
45.483
45.186
45.483
46.447
45.26
45.112
45.779
46.521
45.26
45.186
45.557
46.521
45.186
45.112
45.557
46.595
45.186
45.112
45.631
46.669
45.112
44.963
45.557
46.521
45.186
45.037
R-App Chart
0000
0.10.10.10.1
0.20.20.20.2
0.30.30.30.3
0.40.40.40.4
0.50.50.50.5
0.60.60.60.6
0.70.70.70.7
0.80.80.80.8
0.90.90.90.9
1111
1.11.11.11.1
1.21.21.21.2
1.31.31.31.3
1.41.41.41.4
1.51.51.51.5
1.61.61.61.6
1.71.71.71.7
1.81.81.81.8
1.91.91.91.9
2222
2.12.12.12.1
2.22.22.22.2
2.32.32.32.3
2.42.42.42.4
2.52.52.52.5
2.62.62.62.6
2.72.72.72.7
2.82.82.82.8
2.92.92.92.9
3333
3.13.13.13.1
3.23.23.23.2
3.33.33.33.3
3.43.43.43.4
3.53.53.53.5
3.63.63.63.6
3.73.73.73.7
3.83.83.83.8
3.93.93.93.9
4444
4.14.14.14.1
4.24.24.24.2
4.34.34.34.3
4.44.44.44.4
4.54.54.54.5
4.64.64.64.6
4.74.74.74.7
4.84.84.84.8
4.94.94.94.9
5555
5.15.15.15.1
5.25.25.25.2
5.35.35.35.3
5.45.45.45.4
5.55.55.55.5
5.65.65.65.6
5.75.75.75.7
5.85.85.85.8
5.95.95.95.9
6666
6.16.16.16.1
6.26.26.26.2
6.36.36.36.3
6.46.46.46.4
6.56.56.56.5
6.66.66.66.6
6.76.76.76.7
6.86.86.86.8
6.96.96.96.9
7777
7.17.17.17.1
7.27.27.27.2
7.37.37.37.3
7.47.47.47.4
7.57.57.57.5
7.67.67.67.6
7.77.77.77.7
7.87.87.87.8
7.97.97.97.9
8888
8.18.18.18.1
8.28.28.28.2
8.38.38.38.3
8.48.48.48.4
8.58.58.58.5
8.68.68.68.6
8.78.78.78.7
8.88.88.88.8
8.98.98.98.9
9999
9.19.19.19.1
9.29.29.29.2
9.39.39.39.3
9.49.49.49.4
9.59.59.59.5
9.69.69.69.6
9.79.79.79.7
9.89.89.89.8
9.99.99.99.9
10101010
10.110.110.110.1
10.210.210.210.2
10.310.310.310.3
10.410.410.410.4
10.510.510.510.5
10.610.610.610.6
10.710.710.710.7
10.810.810.810.8
10.910.910.910.9
11111111
11.111.111.111.1
11.211.211.211.2
11.311.311.311.3
11.411.411.411.4
11.511.511.511.5
11.611.611.611.6
11.711.711.711.7
11.811.811.811.8
11.911.911.911.9
12121212
12.112.112.112.1
12.212.212.212.2
12.312.312.312.3
12.412.412.412.4
12.512.512.512.5
12.612.612.612.6
12.712.712.712.7
12.812.812.812.8
12.912.912.912.9
13131313
13.113.113.113.1
13.213.213.213.2
13.313.313.313.3
13.413.413
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