Biomass and Waste Gasification and Fast Pyrolysis Ilkka Hiltunen VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd
Biomass and WasteGasification and Fast Pyrolysis
Ilkka HiltunenVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd
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Biofuels and Bioenergy R&D at VTT
Circulatingfluidised bed
CCS (option)Supercriticalsteam(Option)
Power,heat &cooling
COMBUSTION
GasificationGASCLEANINGto syngas
SYNTHESIS FuelsChemicals
Fuel gas
GASIFICATION
BoilersKilnsEngines
Thermal orcatalytic fastPyrolysis PRODUCT
UPGRADINGGasolineDiesel, jet fuel
FAST PYROLYSIS Power,heat &cooling
Fuel oil
CFD MODELLING PROCESS CONCEPT EVALUATION
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Oil
Coal
Biomass
Waste/SRF
GASIFICATION800 – 1400° C
O2AIR
STEAM
Wide FeedstockBasis
High-QualityFinal Products
SYNGAS(CO + H2)
FUEL GAS
FT-diesel fuelMethanol, DMEGasoline, jet-fuelHydrogenSynthetic methaneChemicals
Industrial kilnsco-firing in boilersGas turbinesEnginesFuel cells
Biomass gasification todifferent Final Products
GAS
CLEANING
426/08/2014
R & D on Hot GasFiltration andCatalytic Gas
CleaningIGCC development
SYNGAS R&D AT VTT• Concept development for biofuels• Gasification process development
• Support to industrial demonstrations• Improved process conceptsin 2G Biofuels project 2012->
INDUSTRIALPILOT
• VARKAUS• CHICAGO
NEW APPLICATIONS• New gasification systems• Fuel cells, 2nd gen. IGCC• Hydrogen, synthetic methane,
Chemicals• Hybrid Renewable Systems• Material Recovery from Waste
BIOMASS/WASTEGASIFICATION FOR POWER
PIONEERING DEMO’S: LAHTI,CORENSO,VÄRNAMO
Gasification testsIn USA and Germany +
Supporting R&Dat VTT for Oulu
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 20201985 2025 2030
BIOREFINERIES AT PULP AND PAPERMILLS AND AT LARGE CHP PLANTS• FT-Diesel or methanol 50-200 ktons / plant•Gasoline, SNG, H2 or olefins in the next phase
PEATAMMONIA
PLANTOULU/FINLAND
19805 p-years
199015 p-years
201520 p-years
WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS ANDCO-FIRING IN COAL BOILERS• Corenso 2001, Lahti II 2012, Vaasa 2013• High electric efficiency, material recovery• Replacement of coal by biomass-derived gas
as part of thermochemical fuel conversionactivities of ca. 100 p-years
(combustion, gasification, synthesis, pyrolysis)
BIOMASS-TO-POWER PLANTS• Small-scale CHP by gas engines 0.1-5 MW• IGCC plants 30-150 MW
Bioneer Gasifierfor Small-scale
VTTresources
Biomass and Waste Gasificationfrom R&D to industrial success
ReferencesOperational plant
Waste receivingand pre-handling
CFB gasifier 2x80 MW fuelwith candle filters
New Bio-Gas fired power boilerwith an air quality control system
Product gas from wastefor power production
Existing PC boilerBiomass receivingand pre-handling
Large-scalebelt dryer
CFB gasifier140 MW fuel
Product gas for power boilersThe Vaskiluoto 2 power plant
20155 © Valmet
Source: Juhani Isaksson, Valmet Technologies Oyj,2015 Gasification Technologies Conference, 11-14 October 2015, Colorado Springs, US
Source: Jarno Haapakoski, Volter Ltd
Output: Generator output 40kW, thermal 100kWFuel: Wood chips (birch, spruce, pine, aspen)Fuel moisture: <18%Particle size: >80% between 16-50mm, >60% between 30-50mm,
≤9% 50-63mm, all below 63mm. ≤1% below 3,2mmFuel consumption: ca. 4,5 m3 of chips/24h at 100% power level
Volter 40 Indoor
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Fast Pyrolysis Concepts and Products
Pyrolysis HydrotreatmentBiomass
Bio-Oil 1TransportationFuels
Heating
CatalyticPyrolysis HydrotreatmentBiomass
Bio-Oil 2TransportationFuels
Electricity
Fast Pyrolysis for Bio-Fuel Oil - Scale-Up
SCALE-UP 2004 - 2015o ENSYN IN CANADAo BTG IN MALAYSIAo VALMET 2008-o FORTUM DEMONSTRATION 2014o BTG DEMONSTRATION 2015
FIRST EUROPEAN PILOTS 1994-2000o TWO CANADIAN, ONE FINNISH TECHNOLOGYo CONTINUOUS OPERATION VERIFIEDo OPERATED BY EUROPEAN UTILITIES
EARLY FAST PYROLYSISBENCH-SCALEo CANADA, USAo IEA BIOENERGY ASSESSMENTS
FORTUM DEMONSTRATION - JOENSUU, FINLAND
2000 20051980 199519901985 20152010
ENEL, BASTARDO, ITALY
FORTUM, PORVOO, FINLAND
IEA BIOENERGYCOLLABORATION VALMET, TAMPERE, FINLAND
UNION FENOSA,SPAIN
Bio-oil capacity 30 MWAnnual production 50 000 t, 210 GWhStart-up 2013Feedstock Forest residues, sawdust
Fortum Joensuu: an Integrated Bio-Oil Demonstration Plant
Fuel receiving, dryingand crushing
Reactor and pyrolysis oilrecovery inside the boilerbuilding
101026/08/2014
CHPand replacing
fossil fuels
CHPand replacing
fossil fuels
Preliminaryprocessconceptevaluation
Bench-scaledevelopmentand testing
Processmodelingandfeasibilityanalysis
Pilot-scaledevelopmentand processverification
Innovativesolutionsand basis forindustrialrealisation
Fuels &Chemicals
Fuels &Chemicals
Feedstockcharacterisation
VTT Thermochemical platform– Gasification & Fast Pyrolysis
NEW ERA
12
TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESS