Biology 112 Introduction to Ecology Session: Summer … 112/BIO 112 SM...times the population under 15 years of age in the Less developed countries as a group. ... 15 20 25 30 A B

Biology 112 – Introduction to Ecology

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Page 1 of 22 BIO 112 SM 2017 71203 FNX Q 170719.4c.docx

Student Learning Outcome 1

Apply quantitative models that describe population growth and dynamics.

Population

Statement / Question CODE Answer Choices

Population and education by gender:

1. Over the past 40 years more adult women have completed college than adult men. T / F

2. Late 20 yo women began to surpass late 20 yo men in college graduation rates about year ___.

3. Equal numbers of men and women over the age of 25 graduate / completed college in year_______.

4. A higher percentage of men compared to women are expected to complete college in 2020. T / F.

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

AE

BC

BD

BE

CD

CE

False

True

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025


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5. In what way would improving the status of women in developing countries have a positive impact on achieving sustainable development?

a) Women are disproportionately disadvantaged

b) Women are charged with child care

c) Women are the only ones that think or work

d) Improvement in women’s status contributes to the stability and prosperity of the community

e) nothing

Based on the Population Data Sheet PDF File on Web Site. Choose the value closest to your calculation for the following indicated statements.

6. The population of Least Developed Countries is about ____ times the World Population in 2050

7. The population of China is about ____ times the population of US in 2050

8. The population of the Less Developed Countries is about ____ times the population of the More Developed Countries.

9. The proportion of the population under 15 years of age in the developed countries is about _____ times the population under 15 years of age in the Less developed countries as a group.

10. The population of China, India and Africa combined is about ____ times the population of the Americas currently.

RATIO times

As BIG As

CODE RATIO times

Smaller than

1

1.25

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

7

8

9

10

15

20

25

30

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

AE

BC

BD

BE

CD

CE

DE

ABC

ABD

ABE

BCD

1

1.25

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

10

20

25

40

50

100

200

300

400

500


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Population Growth Profiles – Match the Term with the Population dynamics below shown below.

Answer Choices

A. Declining B. Rapid C. Stable D. Logistic E. Undeterminable

11. __ 12. __ 13. __ 14. __

Match the annotated illustration to the definitions listed below the figure.

Definitions for Classification of growth dynamics.

15. Exponential

16. Linear

17. Logistic


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18. Algae has the lowest concentration of DDT because it is: ___

19. In the associated figure, the gull has the highest concentration of DDT because it is ___:

Data CODE Relationship

A

B

C

D

E

a more complex organism.

an older organism.

at the bottom of the food chain.

at the top of the food chain.

homoeothermic (warm-blooded).


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Student Learning Outcome 2

Describe and compare competitive interactions between two species.

Species Interaction and Interdependence

CODE TERM / Relationship

A

B

C

D

E

AB

Commensalism

Competitive Exclusion

Competitive limited resources

Mutualism

Predation

Resource partitioning

Species A

Species B Positive for A Neutral for A Negative for A

And Positive for B 20.

And Neutral for B

And Negative for B 21.


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Select Food Web

Match the annotated illustration to the definitions listed below the figure.

Trophic Level Energy by Body Mass Unit

22. Primary Consumer

23. Primary Producer

24. Secondary Consumer

25. Tertiary Consumer

26. 10,000

27. 10

28. 1,000

29. 100


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30. The common way that a species is defined is that a members of a species includes all organisms that are similar enough to

a) fill the same niche

b) occupy the same community

c) live together

d) freely interbreed in the wild

e) be classified in the same kingdom

31. Based on the figure below, what can be deduced from the data regarding number of consumer species as the structural complexity of the vegetation increases:

32. Based on the figure below, what can be deduced from the data regarding the structural complexity of the vegetation as latitude decreases:

Data Data

CODE Relationship / Dynamic

A

B

C

D

E

Changes randomly

Decreases

Fluctuates

Increases

Remains stable

Nu

mb

er

of

co

ns

um

er

sp

ec

ies

Structural complexity of vegetation Str

uc

tura

l C

om

ple

xit

y o

f V

eg

eta

tio

n

Lattitude


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33. The reason(s) that tropical regions of the world have such high biodiversity is:

a) because they are geologically stable.

b) because they have a high productivity.

c) because there are many ecological niches.

d) All of the above

e) None of the above

Chapter 1: Environmental Science and Sustainability

34. The ability to meet humanity’s current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs is termed:

a) ecology.

b) environmental sustainability.

c) natural balance.

d) synergism.

e) environmental science

35. Non-renewable resource IS TO renewable resource AS;

a) living is to non-living

b) limited supply is to sustainable supply

c) tree is to coal

d) wind energy is to fossil fuel energy

e) conservation is to overexploitation

36. Which of the following represents an idea associated with environmental sustainability?

a) The capacity of the environment to absorb toxins is unlimited.

b) The human population continues to grow.

c) We are using fossil fuels as if they were present in unlimited supply.

d) The Earth's resources are not present in infinite supply

e) None of the above

Chapter 2: Environmental Laws, Economics, and Ethics

37. One approach to pollution control is incentive-based regulation. In this tactic

a) industries adopting specific pollution control methods recommended by the government are rewarded

b) industries are encouraged to emit an amount of pollution that is economically most desirable for that company

c) green taxes are levied on industries that represent an emission charge on polluters

d) pollution control laws establish emission targets and industries are provided enticements to reduce emissions

e) both c and d

38. Pollution is considered an external cost because:


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a) it has a harmful effect borne only by people who purchased the product that caused it.

b) its cost to the environment is not reflected in the price of the product that produces it.

c) it has a significant impact on the consumer's decision to buy the product that causes it.

d) it is a hidden cost that would produce increased demand if the consumer were aware of it.

e) it is an advertised cost that may affect consumer demand for a given product.

Chapter 3: Ecosystems and Energy

39. Which of the following is an abiotic factor of the environment?

a) living spaces

b) disease organisms

c) photosynthesis

d) producers

e) detritivores

40. A species is defined as:

a) organisms that live together.

b) organisms that live in the same area at the same time.

c) a group of similar organisms whose members freely interbreed with one another.

d) all of the organisms that live together in an area, plus the physical environment that they live in.

e) all organisms at a given trophic level within a particular community.

41. The crust of our planet that is made of rock and soil is what layer?

a) hydrosphere.

b) ecosphere.

c) biosphere.

d) lithosphere.

e) atmosphere.

42. Which term encompasses the other four?

a) community

b) population

c) species

d) biosphere

e) ecosystem

Chapter 5: Ecosystems and the Physical Environment


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43. Approximately what percentage of the atmosphere is O2?

a) 0.001%

b) 0.037%

c) 10%

d) 20%

e) 37.5%

ab) 50 %

ac) 79.8%

ad) 98%

44. The phenomenon in which high levels of carbon dioxide cause global warming is known as:

a) the Gaia theory.

b) acid deposition.

c) the greenhouse effect.

d) global distillation.

e) the El Niño—Southern Oscillation.

Chapter 6: Major Ecosystems of the World

45. The biome most suitable for the development of grapes is:

a) taiga.

b) tropical rain forest

c) temperate grassland.

d) chaparral.

e) tundra.


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46. According to the diagram below, North and South Pole biomes would fall into the area marked by the letter:

a) a

b) b

c) c

d) d

e) e

Chapter 7: Human Health and Environmental Toxicology

47. Acute toxicity:

a) is only caused by synthetic chemicals.

b) is poorly understood by toxicologists.

c) may mimic symptoms of chronic diseases.

d) produces an effect within a short period of a single exposure.

e) always results in death.

48. A dose of drug or fertilizer that is represented as ED50 is a dose that

a) is administered to 50% of the population.

b) causes 50% of a population to exhibit whatever response is under study.

c) has a threshold response of 50%.

d) kills half of the population of test animals.

e) has an acceptable risk level of 50%.

WET Decreasing Precipitation DRY

Cold

Decreasing

Temperature

Hot

Arctic

Increasing Latitude

Tropics

A

B

C

D E


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Chapter 9: The Problems of Overpopulation

49. Which of the following approximates US population as a % of WW population?

a) 45%

b) total number of people

c) 4.5%

d) .45%

e) 44.5%

Based on the Population Data Sheet:

50. In which of the following regions has the highest average of children born to each woman of reproductive age?

CODE Region CODE Region

A

B

C

Americas

Western Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

D

E

AB

Asia

South East Asia

Western Europe

Chapter 10: The Urban World

51. What percentage of the U.S. population lives in regions outside of cities?

a) <25%

b) 50%

c) 75%

d) 85%

e) 100%

52. Urbanization:

a) is growing more quickly in developing countries than in developed countries.

b) currently accounts for housing about 75% of the global population.

c) results in fewer employment opportunities in developed countries as compared to rural areas.

d) refers to the migration of city people to the country to enjoy country living.

e) describes a grouping of 10,000 or more individuals.

Chapter 11: Fossil Fuels


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Based on the Energy Data Flow Chart:

53. The fossil fuel that constitutes the 3rd largest source of US energy is_____.

54. The fossil fuel that constitutes the largest source of US electricity energy is_____.

55. The largest use of energy is_____.

CODE ENERGY SOURCES CODE ENERGY USES

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

AE

BC

BD

Biomass

Coal

Geothermal

Hydroelectric

Natural Gas

Nuclear Fission

Nuclear Fusion

Petroleum

Recycling Waste

Solar

Wind

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

AE

BC

BD

Commerce

Delivery of Electricity

Electricity Generation

Industry

Residential

Transportation

Chapter 12: Nuclear Energy


56. The largest use of nuclear fission is_____.

57. Approximately what percent of US Energy comes from Nuclear Fission

CODE ENERGY USES CODE Percent

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

Commerce

Delivery of Electricity

Electricity Generation

Industry

Residential

Transportation

Not Listed

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

0

<5

10

15

20

25

30

40

>50

58. Nuclear fission:

a) is a form of combustion.


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b) is the blending or "melting together" of two small atoms to form a large atom.

c) is the splitting of a large atom into two smaller atoms of different elements.

d) is the rearrangement of electrons that occurs during a chemical reaction.

e) is the process that powers the sun and other stars.

Chapter 13 : Renewable Energy

59. Clusters of non-polluting wind turbines are called:

a) photovoltaic centers.

b) solar wind farms.

c) wind farms.

d) air generating systems.

e) wind electric centers.

60. Which of the following is an emerging alternative, renewable resource energy technology? Mark all that apply.

a) nuclear energy

b) wind farms

c) alcohol fuels

d) photovoltaic solar cells

e) geothermal energy


61. Which of the following renewable energy sources can be used to produce electricity? Mark all that apply

a) solar heating

b) geothermal

c) biomass conversion

d) photovoltaics

e) wind

62. The majority of the renewable sources for generating electricity comes from

a) nuclear energy

b) hydrothermal

c) hydroelectric

d) wind

e) biomass

Chapter 14: Water: A Limited Resource

63. Most fresh water is present in the form of:


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a) water in lakes.

b) ice caps and glaciers.

c) water in rivers.

d) groundwater.

e) atmospheric water vapor.

64. The fraction of WW fresh water available for human life is approximately :

a) 5%

b) 3%

c) 1%

d) .3%

e) .03%.

Chapter 15: Soil

65. Soil is formed from parent material by biological, chemical, and physical:

a) digestion processes.

b) weathering processes.

c) composting.

d) terracing.

e) leaching.

66. In soil formation, the parent material provides:

a) humus.

b) minerals.

c) water-holding capacity.

d) mycorrhizae.

e) detritus.

Chapter 16: Minerals

67. Which of the following are important minerals? Answer all that apply

a) sulfur

b) nitrogen

c) iron

d) sodium

e) copper

68. Which of the following is not a characteristic of metals?

a) all are relatively abundant in the Earth's crust

b) lustrous

c) good conductor of electricity

d) good conductor of heat


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e) malleable

Chapter 17: Biodiversity

69. Ecosystem diversity is:

a) variety of interactions among organisms in natural communities.

b) the number of different species in a given area.

c) the variety of abiotic characteristics within a given area.

d) the genetic variety within all populations of a given species.

e) synonymous with ecosystem services.

70. Of those listed below, the richest biome regarding diversity is

a) tundra / arctic

b) taiga forests

c) savannah / desert

d) ocean / marine

e) blackwater swamp / wetlands

71. Organisms that provide an early warning of environmental damage are:

a) endemic species.

b) endangered species.

c) threatened species.

d) bellwether species.

e) commercial species.

Chapter 18: Land

72. Approximately 55 percent of the land in the United States is owned by:

a) the federal government, as national parks.

b) Native Americans.

c) citizens, corporations, and non-profit organizations.

d) state and local governments.

e) the federal government, as national forests and rangelands.

73. Forests:

a) fix large amounts of oxygen, removing it from the atmosphere.

b) promote soil erosion.

c) maintain watersheds.

d) provide habitat for few animal species.


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e) release large amounts of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere.

74. Why are tropical rain forests considered so important to global ecology? Mark all that apply

a) they contribute greatly to the world's carbon and oxygen cycles

b) they retard soil erosion

c) they contain much of the world's biodiversity

d) they mitigate floods and droughts

e) they are ancient and self generating

Chapter 19: Food

75. The two areas of the world with the greatest food insecurity are:

a) South America and South Asia.

b) South America and sub-Saharan Africa.

c) China and sub-Saharan Africa.

d) South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.

e) the Middle East and South Asia.

76. Which of the following is a sustainable long-term solution to world food problems? Answer all that apply.

a) overcome cultural barriers to the acceptance of different types of food

b) increase the sustainable production of food

c) assist overall economic development

d) stabilize populations at sustainable levels

e) increase dependence on energy-intensive, high-yield agricultural methods

Chapter 20: Air Pollution

77. The two atmospheric gases most abundant in our atmosphere are :

a) carbon dioxide and oxygen.

b) hydrogen and oxygen.

c) oxygen and argon.

d) oxygen and nitrogen.

e) carbon monoxide and oxygen.

78. The stratospheric chemical that prevents much of the solar ultraviolet radiation from penetrating to Earth's surface is:


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a) carbon dioxide.

b) water vapor.

c) ozone.

d) particulate matter.

e) nitrogen oxides.

79. Which of the following air pollutants is correctly paired with one of its major effects?

a) sulfur oxides — acid precipitation

b) carbon oxides — corrosion of metal

c) hydrocarbons — reduced visibility

d) nitrogen oxides — blocks UV radiation

e) particulate matter — production of photochemical smog

Chapter 21: Regional and Global Atmospheric Changes

80. Which of the following are greenhouse gasses? Mark all that apply

a) carbon dioxide

b) methane

c) water vapor

d) chlorofluorocarbons

e) sulfur oxide

81. The greenhouse effect occurs because:

a) greenhouse gases released interact chemically to produce excess heat.

b) there are too many greenhouses scattered across the Earth's surface.

c) carbon dioxide and other trace gases trap infrared radiation in the Earth's atmosphere.

d) sulfur emissions from smokestacks and volcanoes continue to occur.

e) the gases produced by human activities allow significantly more heat to pass out of the Earth's atmosphere.

Chapter 22: Water Pollution

82. One major problem with sewage is that it adds which of the following to water?

a) sodium chloride and dissolved oxygen

b) carbon dioxide and nitrogen

c) nitrogen and phosphorus

d) human wastes and heavy metals

e) soil and microorganisms

Chapter 23: The Pesticide Dilemma


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83. One benefit of using a machine like the "bug vac" to remove pests from crop plants is:

a) it targets specific pest species.

b) one treatment per season is sufficient for pest control.

c) it is safer for farm workers than pesticides.

d) it is much cheaper to use than pesticides.

e) All of the above.

Matching Match the numbered Functions with their respective term

TERM Function

a) fungicide.

b) herbicide.

c) insecticide.

d) botanical.

e) rodenticide.

Kills / inhibits growth of weeds and plants

Kills / inhibits growth of mice, rats, gophers

Kills / inhibits growth of bugs

Kills / inhibits growth of yeasts and smut

84. Affects growth of plants

85. Pesticides are effective: Mark all that apply (3)

a) at reducing crop productivity due to competition with weeds.

b) for controlling some organisms that cause diseases in humans.

c) at decreasing the amount of crop damage due to insects.

d) at controlling insects and weeds, but ineffective against plant pathogens.

e) at increasing the farmer's cost and profits for a particular crop.

86. Genetically modified, pest-resistant crops:

a) may contain new and different gens outside of the normal genome for that species.

b) have been shown to be completely safe for non-pest insect species, such as the monarch butterfly.

c) have not yet been developed.

d) may become invasive pests or persist in the environment longer than unmodified crops.

e) require more frequent applications of pesticide, although in lower doses, than unmodified crops.

87. DDT is still in use in countries such as China, India, Kenya, and Brazil because:

a) they do not have access to alternative pesticides.

b) they are unaware of the serious consequences to human health associated with DDT.

c) they are unaware of the serious consequences to the environment.

d) it has been shown to be safe to use under certain conditions and in certain environments.

e) it is particularly effective against mosquitoes, which carry malaria.

Chapter 24: Solid and Hazardous Wastes


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88. Plastics are the fastest growing component of solid waste, largely due to the contribution of:

a) obsolete computers.

b) disposable diapers.

c) packaging.

d) discarded automobiles.

e) clothing.

89. Phytoremediation:

a) is faster than conventional hazardous waste disposal methods.

b) is much less expensive than traditional hazardous waste disposal methods.

c) for toxic wastes has only been demonstrated in the laboratory.

d) involves the use of plants to clean up a contaminated site.

e) is particularly effective in deep soil and groundwater applications.

90. Which of the following correctly identifies the attributes of US / Western lifestyle and economy: Answer all that apply [ 3]

a) increased use of disposable items

b) increased materialization

c) increased consumption

d) increase reuse of products

e) decreased need for recycling of packaging materials

Chapter 25: Tomorrows World Sustainability

91. We often speak of throwing garbage away. Where is “away?”

a) a local somewhere in the community

b) someone else’s property

c) a regulated storage site for waste

d) our backyard

e) the planet’s back yard

ac) local communities do not care about other communities

92. What is biological diversity on a global scale?

a) Building a sustainable society

b) Number of and respective / relative ratios of organisms in a balanced ecosystem

c) number of earths organisms

d) number and variety of earth’s organisms

.

93. Define sustainability: Mark all that apply [3]

a) use < carrying capacity

b) use levels = synthesis / regeneration levels


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c) development = net loss of material

d) production = consumption

e) unrestricted limits

94. Mark the one answer that is the best choice for all 4 questions.

What should you do to improve your local environment?

What could you do to improve your local environment?

What should you do to improve the global environment?

What will you actually do to improve the local and global environments?

a) Take responsibility for others actions

b) Practice consumption

c) Practice scarcity

d) Practice conservation, recycling and reuse

ab) Base all my decisions on long term consequences to the environment

ac) influence my nearest social communities to practice what I do

ad) some blend of the above

ae) not change anything I do

bc) change everyone’s behavior

bd) take responsibility for my actions

95. Mark all that apply that are True

A. Current rate of population growth worldwide is sustainable into the distant future

B. Current rate of population growth of the less developed countries is sustainable into the distant future

C. Current rate of population growth of the developed countries is sustainable into the distant future

D. Current use of natural resources is sustainable into the distant future

E. None of the above are true with or without additional individual qualifications.


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Use Web based data for following statements. Choose your source carefully

Choose answers from table below.

96. Sustainable Upper Limit for WW Population 2050

97. Sustainable Upper Limit for Africa Population 2050

98. Maximum WW Forecast Upper Limit 2100

99. US population 2050

CODE ANSWER CHOICES (Billions)

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

AE

BC

BD

BE

CD

CE

DE

ABC

ABD

ABE

ACD

ACE

BCD

BCE

CDE

ABCD

ABCE

ABDE

BCDE

ABCDE

0.4

0.7

0.9

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.3

2.6

2.9

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

7

Biology 112 Introduction to Ecology Session: Summer … 112/BIO 112 SM...times the population under 15 years of age in the Less developed countries as a group. ... 15 20 25 30 A B

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