Biology 103 Session:Nutrition Summer 2017 Section: 71200 4 ... · 7/20/2017 · b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin B1/Thiamin d. Vitamin B2/Riboflavin e. Vitamin B12/Cobalamin 41. Which of

Biology 103– Nutrition

FNX 2017-07-13

Session:

Section:

Class Location:

Days / Time: Instructor:

Summer 2017

71200 4 Units

NVC 2210 and LAB 2031

MTWTh 10:30 – 12:35 PM

RIDDELL

Page 1 of 15 BIO 103 SM 2017 71200 Final Exam Q 170720.1.doc

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1. Which of the following is TRUE about organic foods?

a. Organic foods are grown without synthetic pesticides b. Organic foods are grown without synthetic fertilizers c. Farmers can use EPA approved synthetic pesticides on organic foods d. Only A and B are true e. All the above are true statements about organic foods

2. Microbial contaminants such as Salmonella and E.Coli can still be found on organically

grown foods. a. True b. False

3. Which of the following statements on antibiotics consumption in animals is FALSE?

a. Farmers give antibiotics to their animals in order to maintain the animals’ well being.

b. Overconsumption of antibiotics in animals can develop antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.

c. Drug residues in meat can become potential allergens in humans. d. Drug residues in meat may cause illnesses in humans. e. Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms can spread from animals to humans who

consume them, but does NOT spread to produce (e.g. plant foods).

4. Which government agency is responsible for enforcing laws governing safety of domestic and imported meat/poultry product?

a. FDA b. CDC (Center for Disease Control) c. USDA FSIS (Food and Safety Inspection Service) d. USDA CSREES (Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension

Service) e. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)

5. You that that the whole milk at your local grocery store are labeled _____. This must

mean that the milk have been treated with ______. a. Irradiated; X-rays b. Pasteurized; heat c. Bacteriophage prepared; bacteria d. GMO-certified; organically produced byproducts e. Fermented; antibiotics

6. Food preservation techniques such as salting, fermenting, drying, and canning all have one purpose of _____.

a. Creating a more healthy food product b. Creating a harmful environment to pathogens c. Producing natural and organic, wholesome food products d. Introducing novel products to the market e. Preserving cooking secrets of our ancestors

7. Which of the following nutrient is NOT organic? (hint: science definition)

a. Table sugar b. Butter c. Chicken nuggets


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d. Vitamin D e. All of the above products are organic

8. ______ of adult Americans are overweight and/or obese.

a. 33% b. 44% c. 55% d. 66% e. 88%

9. When choosing what to eat, ____ factors such as “family and friends “have the most

impact on our food choices. a. Personal preference b. Sensory c. Cognitive d. Economical e. Social

10. The following describes which type of study design: “the objective of this study is to

observe if vitamin E consumption can speed up the recovery process in individuals with flu.” This study uses vitamin E and a placebo.

a. Animal Study b. Cell culture study c. Epidemiological study d. Case Control Study e. Clinical Trials/Intervention studies

11. FDA calculates percentages of Daily Values base on a standard ______________

calories diet for an average American adult. a. 1000 b. 1500 c. 2000 d. 2500 e. 3000

12. The USDA’s current icon and primary food group symbol to accompany the Guidelines for Americans, 2015 is called:

a. The Food Pyramid b. My Plate c. The social-ecological model d. Answers A and B are both correct e. Answers B and C are both correct

13. When we try to balance our energy sources, 45-65% of total calories should be

___________, 20-25% of total calories should be _____________, and 10% of total calories should be _____________.

a. Fat, Carbohydrates, Protein b. Carbohydrates, Fat, Protein c. Carbohydrates, Protein Fat d. Protein, Carbohydrates, Fat e. Protein, Fat, Carbohydrates

14. Your overweight cousin who recently visited a dietician is confused why he was told that

he has deficiencies in calcium and vitamin D. After reviewing his food diary, you agree


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with the dietician because you realized that even though he consumed large amounts of food, he is not eating the minimum amount of calcium and vitamin D for a healthy body. Your cousin lacked THIS diet-planning concept:

a. Adequacy b. Balance c. Calorie Control d. Variety e. Moderation

15. Which of the following is a health claim?

a. Consuming a macrobiotic diet can help reduce gastrointestinal diseases. b. A bowl of blackberries provides free radical fighting antioxidants. c. Dietary fiber maintains bowel regularity. d. Adequate levels of calcium build strong bones. e. This bag of chips of cholesterol free.

16. Nutrient dense foods have a dense amount of nutrients relative to the ___________ the

food provides. a. Vitamins b. Minerals c. Calories d. Protein e. Only A and B

17. This water-soluble vitamin is directly absorbed into blood vessels in the intestine?

a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin C e. Vitamin K

18. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for digestion of proteins?

a. Salivary amylase b. Lingual lipase c. Pancreatic protease d. Bile e. Pancreatic amylase

19. In which organ does most of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption takes place?

a. Mouth b. Esophagus c. Stomach d. Small Intestine e. Large intestine

20. Martha had her gallbladder removed. Which type of food will she have trouble digesting?

a. Carbohydrate b. Fiber-rich foods c. Fatty foods d. High protein foods e. Foods with high mineral content


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21. Which of the following does NOT occur in the large intestine? a. Absorption of water b. Absorption of minerals c. Digestion of fiber d. Filters blood to produce urine e. Production of vitamin K

22. Nutritive sweeteners are 0 calorie substances that sweeten food; it is also known as an

“artificial sweetener.” a. True b. False

23. Which of the following are dietary sources of carbohydrates? a. Fruits b. Grains c. Vegetables d. Only A and B e. All of the above

24. As discussed in class, consuming water-insoluble fiber reduces risks for the following:

a. High cholesterol levels b. Cardiovascular disease c. Type II Diabetes d. Constipation e. All of the above

25. The glycemic index measures the effect of a food on _______. Therefore, if you were

diabetic, you would choose foods that are ___________ in glycemic index. a. Blood insulin; high b. Blood insulin; low c. Blood glucose; high d. Blood glucose; low

26. Which of the following order does your body prioritizes as energy source? (First priority to

least priority) a. Carbohydrate, Protein, Fat b. Carbohydrate, Fat, Protein c. Fat, Protein, Carbohydrate d. Fat, Carbohydrate, Protein e. Protein, Fat, Carbohydrate

27. Apple shaped individuals has _________ risk of weight-related problems than pear-

shaped individuals because they have more __________ fat. a. Higher; visceral b. Higher; subcutaneous c. Lower; visceral d. Lower; subcutaneous


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28. Which of the following is NOT an AHA diet and life recommendation to reduce heart disease?

a. Be physically active b. Avoid consumption of oily fish with omega-3 fatty acids c. Consume whole-grain, high fiber foods d. Choose and prepare foods with little or no salt e. If you consume alcohol, do so in moderation

29. Which of the following is NOT an example of a disease associated to chronic

consumption of saturated and trans fat diet? a. Type I Diabetes b. Hypertension c. Heart Disease d. Atherosclerosis e. Fatty Liver

30. Olive oil and other forms of plant oils are mostly made up of ________.

a. Saturated fatty acids b. Trans fatty acids c. Monounsaturated fatty acids d. Polyunsaturated fatty acids

31. Which of the following lipoprotein carriers delivers cholesterol to cells? It is also known as

“bad cholesterol.” a. Chylomicron b. VLDL – very low density lipoportein c. LDL – low density lipoprotein d. IDL – intermediate density lipoprotein e. HDL – high density lipoprotein

32. Plant-based diets do not contain all the essential amino acids human needs. To be

healthy, we must either eat animal protein to ensure that we get complete proteins. a. True b. False

33. Which of the following is NOT an example of body protein?

a. Enzymes in your saliva and small intestine that help digest food b. Hemoglobin carrying oxygen in your blood c. Vitamin D to regulate blood calcium d. Antibodies in the immune system e. Ion channels that control brain signaling in nerve cells

34. What is one of the main reasons we have discussed in class as to why protein

requirements are the lowest out of the three macronutrients? a. Our amino acid pool cannot store too much proteins in our body b. Protein turnover allows our body to recycle amino acids, which are then re-used

to build proteins. c. Dietary carbohydrate and fat provide enough daily calories. d. Our body is able to make most of the essential amino acids. e. Protein is not an essential nutrient. Therefore, it’s unnecessary to consume

proteins.


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35. Which of the following is NOT likely to occur in individuals who regularly consume

excess dietary protein? a. Diuresis b. Dehydration c. Excess proteins can be converted to and stored as fat d. Excess proteins will build significant muscle mass in arms/legs e. All of the following can occur in individuals who consume excess dietary protein.

36. What is the main difference between vegetarians and vegans?

a. Vegetarians only eat vegetables while vegans eat fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grain products

b. Vegans can eat eggs or dairy products, but vegetarians cannot. c. Vegetarians don’t mind using animal-derived products, but vegans will avoid

anything made from or related to animals. d. Vegans can only consume organically grown foods e. All of the above are true statements

37. Fat-soluble vitamins than water-soluble vitamins are MORE vulnerable to cooking losses.

a. True b. False

38. Which of the following nutrient does NOT have a direct role in bone health?

a. Vitamin D b. Vitamin K c. Calcium d. Phosphorous e. Potassium

39. Which nutrient does NOT help reduce risks for heart disease by lowering homocysteine?

a. Vitamin B3/niacin b. Vitamin B6/pyridoxine c. Vitamin B9/folate d. Vitamin B12/cobalamin e. Choline

40. Strict vegetarians/vegans are most likely to be deficient in which vitamin?

a. Vitamin E b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin B1/Thiamin d. Vitamin B2/Riboflavin e. Vitamin B12/Cobalamin

41. Which of the following pair below do NOT describe the vitamin to its role in our body?

a. Vitamin A – skin turnover, eye health maintenance b. Vitamin B6/Pyridoxine – coenzyme in amino acid metabolism c. Vitamin B7/Biotin – thyroid hormone production d. Vitamin C – collagen synthesis, antioxidant e. Vitamin E - antioxidant

42. Which of the following factors inhibit mineral absorption?

a. Alcohol consumption b. Megadosing with a specific mineral supplementation


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c. Longer and healthier GI tract d. Lower phytates consumption e. Both A and B

43. Which of the following is NOT a factor that contribute to water losses:

a. Insensible water loss b. Flu or sickness c. Urine d. Standing at ground level e. High protein diet

44. To combat iodine deficiency in United States, we added iodine to salt. This is an example

of _____________. a. Enrichment b. Fortification c. Differentiation d. Anticoagulation e. Metabolism

45. Which of the following pair below do NOT describe the mineral to its role in our body?

a. Calcium – Muscle contraction, bone structure b. Iron – Oxygen transport c. Sulfur – Helps protein maintain their functional shapes d. Sodium – Fluid balance, blood pressure e. Chloride – helps glucose move into cells

46. In general, because of their functions, macromineral status plays critical parts in which of

the following chronic diseases? a. Hypertension b. Osteoporosis c. Diabetes Type I d. Alzheimer’s Disease e. Only A and B

47. Thirst is a reliable and accurate indicator of a body’s hydration status, even during hot

weather and/or heavy exercise. a. True b. False

48. “The ability of muscle to continue to perform without fatigue” describes which of the

following fitness component: a. Cardiorespiratory fitness b. Muscular strength c. Muscular endurance d. Body composition e. Flexibility

49. Your friend wants to lose weight. He asks what type of exercises will contribute to his

weight loss. You tell him: a. Yoga and/or pilates b. Long distance running, swimming, biking c. Squats, bench press d. Body building


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50. Which energy system can use BOTH fat and glycogen as sources of energy?

a. Oxygen-energy system b. ATP-CP system c. Lactic acid energy system d. Coenzymes e. Energy Catalysis

51. Which of the following energy systems is anaerobic?

a. Oxygen-energy b. ATP-CP c. Lactic acid d. A and C only. e. B and C only.

52. Professional sprinters and athletes who weight lift are likely to have more _____ fibers.

a. Aerobic twitch b. Anaerobic twitch c. Fast twitch d. Medium twitch e. Slow twitch

53. In a 400-meter race (lasts around 50-60 seconds), the athlete’s body relies on which energy system for most of his/her energy?

a. ATP-CP b. Lactic acid c. Oxygen-energy

54. Which of the following nutritional supplements may be beneficial for those who suffer

sports anemia: a. Iron b. Chromium c. Sodium bicarbonate d. Antioxidants e. Creatine

55. Pre-exercise meals should consist primarily of:

a. Carbohydrates b. Fat c. Protein d. Vitamins e. Minerals

56. Carbohydrate loading is recommended for athletes participating in events lasting more

than ____ minutes. a. 0 b. 5-15 c. 15-30 d. 60-90 e. None of the above


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57. Which of the following is FALSE about endurance training?

a. Training increases the body’s ability to deliver oxygen and fuel to muscle b. Training increases number of muscle mitochondria c. Training Increases reliance on anaerobic systems d. Training increases availability of glycogen stores in the muscle e. All of the statements above are true

58. In general, adequate fluid intake _____ exercise is important.

a. Before b. During c. After d. A and C only e. All of the above

59. Blood doping via transfusions and stretching are examples of which type of ergogenic aid?

a. Pharmacological b. Psychological c. Physiological d. Nutritional e. Biomechanical

60. Within the human body, _________________ determine (s) the relative proportion of

short-twitch muscle fibers to fast-twitch muscle fibers in athletes. a. Genetics b. Amino acid pool c. Exercise intensity d. Exercise duration e. Dietary supplements

61. Which of the following is responsible for muscle soreness?

a. Cellular ATP b. Creatine phosphate c. Lactic acid d. Micro-fractures in muscles e. None of the above

62. You and your friends decide to participate in the Napa Valley Trail 5k marathon. Which of

the following would be the best fluid replacement for this high endurance event? a. Deionized iced water b. Distilled iced water c. Sports drink d. Lukewarm tap water e. Unsweetened iced tea

63. Which is more significant for losing weight?

a. Exercise b. Diet

64. Preconception healthcare should ideally begin at which stage in a woman’s life?

a. At any childbearing age


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b. At least 3 months before pregnancy c. 1-3 months after pregnancy d. During pregnancy e. Postpartum (After birth)

65. At which stage of human fetal growth would excess consumption of nutrients and/or

intake of harmful substances increase risks for birth defects in the developing embryo? a. Blastogenic stage b. Embyronic Stage c. Fetal Stage d. Infant Stage e. Third trimester

66. During pregnancy, doctors may recommend lower maternal weight gain for:

a. Teenagers b. Underweight women c. Women who are pregnant with twins/triplets d. Obese women e. Women having their second pregnancy

67. Which of the following is NOT a maternal change that occurs during pregnancy?

a. Blood volume and red blood cell mass increase b. Growth in uterine and breast tissues c. Heart rate increases by 20% d. Gastrointestinal motility increases e. Fat stores increases

68. Health professionals currently advise pregnant women to ensure they are consuming

adequate amounts of _________. a. Iron b. Folic acid/Vitamin B9 c. Vitamin A d. Iodine e. Both A and B

69. During pregnancy, high consumption of ________ would NOT contribute to birth defects.

a. Drugs b. Alcohol c. Vitamin A d. Carotenoids/Beta-carotene e. Marijuana products

70. Your relative who is pregnant tells you that she has been craving lemon and other citrus fruits. She is concerned that she has a nutrient deficiency, to which you reply:

a. You must have a deficiency in vitamin C b. You must have a deficiency in folic acid/vitamin B9 c. You must have excess of calcium d. You must have excess of potassium e. Food cravings are rarely based on a nutrient deficiency. Check with a health

professional if you are worried about a nutrient deficiency.


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71. Which of the following is a nutrient of concern in pregnancy, but not in breastfeeding

women? a. Iron b. Folate c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin K e. Only A and B

72. During let down reflex, a pituitary hormone that stimulates the release of milk from the

breast is: a. Oxytocin b. Prolactin c. Lactase d. Progesterone e. Estrogen

73. _________’s Daily Food Plan for Moms guides both pregnant and breastfeeding women

in making healthy food choices that are high in vitamins and minerals and low in added sugar and solid fats.

a. FDA b. USDA c. WHO d. EPA e. CDC

74. Which of the following is NOT a true benefit of breastfeeding for mother or infant?

a. Breastfeeding is the optimal nutrition for an infant. b. Breastfeeding reduces an infant’s risks for allergies and asthma c. Breastfeeding helps shrink the mother’s uterus d. Breastfeeding help mothers to faster return to pregnancy weight e. Breastfeeding has no association to the development of chronic illnesses such as

diabetes in infants or the mothers.

75. In order to see how well an infant (0-6 months) is growing, healthcare practitioners will need to measure all of the following values during routine check-ups, EXCEPT:

a. Weight gain b. Length c. Height d. Head circumference

76. American Academy of Pediatrics/AAP highly recommends giving which of the following

sources of nutrients exclusively to healthy newborns? a. Water b. Breastmilk c. Infant formula d. Multi-Vitamin Supplements e. A and B only

77. When is the best time to introduce complementary food is to an infant (in addition to

breast milk/infant formula)? a. 1-2 months b. 3-4 months


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c. 6-7 months d. 8-10 year old e. 2 years old

78. Failure to thrive (FTT) can result from many different causes. Which of the following is

NOT a cause of FTT? a. Poverty and food shortage b. Excessive consumption of fruit juices c. Inappropriate food selection d. Diseases or illnesses e. Low-fat or skim milk

79. As of now, there is NO solid proof that consumption of ________is associated with

enhancing or to the development of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a. Caffeine b. Energy drink c. Sugar d. Food preservatives e. Food colorings

80. What is the most common reason for tooth decay in an infant? a. Putting the baby to bed with a bottle of fruit juice or other sugary beverages b. Overuse of commercially prepared baby desserts c. Living in a community with low fluoride content in the water supply d. Failure to brush an infant’s teeth three times a day e. Feeding the baby chocolate-flavored infant formula

81. Which nutrient is given to newborns because their intestinal tracts are sterile at birth?

a. Protein b. Zinc c. Vitamin K d. Vitamin A e. Iron

82. What is the major energy source in human milk?

a. Glucose b. Lactose c. Fat d. Protein e. Oligosaccharides

83. Which of the following is NOT an example of a physiological or developmental sign seen

in infants that indicate their readiness for complimentary foods? a. The infant’s body is able to secrete digestive enzymes for more complex food b. The infant’s developed kidney allows him/her to maintain hydration c. The infant becomes lactose/soy-protein intolerant d. The infant lacks extrusion reflex in his/her tongue e. The infant has a better control over his/her head and body


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84. Which of the following is a good suggestion for establishing a healthy feeding relationship

with a child? a. Feeding the baby food directly from the jar to prevent other sources of

contamination from entering the jar b. Place the food in the middle of the table so the baby can grab for whatever food

she/he desires c. Using a small spoon or letting the baby use his or her fingers to help the baby

learn proper eating habits d. Giving variety of new foods at a time to expand the child’s food choices e. None of the above

85. During childhood, the group of nutrients that require the most concern include:

a. Iron, Zinc, Vitamin E, and Vitamin D b. Calcium, Potassium, and Sodium c. Iron, Calcium, Sodium, Vitamin B12 d. Phosphorous, Vitamin K, and Vitamin A e. Folate, Calcium, Vitamin B12, and Magnesium

86. Teens who use alcohol and tobacco are usually overweight and report increased

appetites. a. True b. False

87. Deficiency in _______________ can impair a child’s growth, mood, attention span, focus,

and ability to learn: a. Folate b. Calcium c. Vitamin B12 d. Vitamin D e. Iron

88. Which of the following is FALSE about lead toxicity in children?

a. Lead toxicity does not have an effect on growth b. Lead toxicity can cause iron-deficiency anemia c. Lead toxicity can damage the brain and central nervous system d. Lead toxicity can worsen if also deficient in iron and calcium e. Lead toxicity is associated with reduced IQ

89. Obese teens can have increased risk of the following EXCEPT:

a. Heart disease b. Susceptibility to catching a flu c. Breathing problems d. Poor self-esteem e. Metabolic syndrome

90. As discussed in class, vitamin A, calcium, and iron are nutrients of concern for

adolescents. This is because they all play a role in _________. a. Brain development b. Emotional maturation c. Psychological stability d. Hormonal balance e. Growth


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91. Even if an individual was malnourished as an adolescent, he/she can still achieve full potential height, if he/she were to start eating a healthy diet as an adult.

a. True b. False

92. Which of the following may be a factor that most influences an adolescent’s food

choices? a. Desire to be healthy b. School cafeteria c. Allowance or spending money d. Peers and family e. TV commercials

93. Regular physical activities can do which of the following in elderly?

a. Improve mental health b. Slow loss of muscle mass c. Reduce chronic disease risks d. Only A and B e. All of the above

94. Consumption of ______________ is important in reducing oxidative stress and

degenerative diseases such as cataracts and Alzheimer’s in mature adults. a. Oxidants b. Antioxidants c. High-fiber diet d. Herbal supplements e. Phytates

95. Which of the following age-related changes does NOT occur in elderly?

a. Decreased saliva production b. Decreased immune system c. Slowed gastric motility d. Increased taste sensitivity e. Decreased skin capacity for vitamin D activation

96. Which of the following nutrients is important for the elderly because of its role in immunity

and wound healing? a. Iron b. Zinc c. Calcium d. Vitamin B9/Folate e. Vitamin D

97. As mentioned in lecture, meal management services are particularly useful for elderly adults because they provide them with _______.

a. A cheaper alternative to cooking b. A way to acquire non-GMO, organic meals c. A way for elders to manage independently d. A way to taste a variety of new cuisines e. None of the above


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98. When visiting health professionals, it is important to let them know if you are taking

______ in order to avoid drug-drug or drug-nutrient interactions. a. Current medications you are taking b. Current nutrient supplements you are taking c. Current herbal supplements you are taking d. Only A and B e. All of the above

99. In comparison to younger adults, an elderly’s protein needs are _________ per kg of

body weight. a. Reduced b. Same c. Increased

100. __________ have the highest calories and protein needs per kg of body weight

than at any life stage. a. Infants b. Children c. Adolescents d. Adults e. Elders

Biology 103 Session:Nutrition Summer 2017 Section: 71200 4 ... · 7/20/2017 · b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin B1/Thiamin d. Vitamin B2/Riboflavin e. Vitamin B12/Cobalamin 41. Which of

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