BIOL 1441-030 Wed 11:00 – 12:50 LS 200 BIOL 1441-033 Thu 3:00 – 4:50 LS 207 BIOL 1441-037 Fri 11:00 – 12:50 LS 200 Heath Blackmon LS 459 Office Hours:

BIOL 1441-030 Wed 11:00 – 12:50 LS 200 BIOL 1441-033 Thu 3:00 – 4:50 LS 207

BIOL 1441-037 Fri 11:00 – 12:50 LS 200Heath Blackmon

LS 459Office Hours:

10:30-12:00 Tue and [email protected]

Macromolecules

Diverse molecules that serve a variety of purposes in living

organisms

CARBOHYDRATESLIPIDS

PROTEINSNUCLEIC ACIDS*

Carbohydrates

• Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen• Monosaccharide– Glucose, fructose, ribose

• Disaccharide– Lactose, Sucrose

• Polysaccharide – “Many Sugars”

Carbohydrates

• Polysaccharides– Starch• Glucose storage

– Glycogen• Glucose storage

– Cellulose• structural

Carbohydrates• How do you break up large sugars?– Hydrolysis• With use of enzymes, break down complex starches to

glucose, in presence of water.• Ex: Seed growth, beer production

Lipids

• Made of Carbon and Hydrogen• Insoluble in water• Ex: Oils, fats– Found in plants and animals

Proteins

• Made of tightly bound Amino Acids– Peptide bonds

• Structure– Primary– Secondary– Tertiary– Quaternary

Tests to be performed today

Sugar, Starch, Lipid, Protein

Sugar Test

• Benedict’s Reagent– Glucose vs. Sucrose– Tests for presence of simple sugars

(monosacchride)– Record results

Starch Test

• Iodine Reagent (iodine potassium iodide)–Mix with potato starch in test tube– Record results

Hydrolysis

• Breaking up sugars with water and acid• Test samples with Benedict's test and Iodine

test• Record results

Lipid Test

• Brown Paper test• Record Results

Protein Test

• Biuret reagent – protein indicator• Albumin – Egg protein• Record Results

Macromolecules in Food

• Separation of Butter– Lipid Layer and Protein Layer of butter– Perform tests on the two layers and regular

butter

• Tests with food– Perform the tests on Banana, Coconut, Milk,

Peanut, and Potato

Lab Manual pp 52-75

Lab Manual 52-75

Conversions and Scientific Notation

Difference between a monosachride and disachrideMonosachrides are simple sugarsDisachrides have two simple sugars joined togetherCarbohydrates are long chains of sugars

An example of a way that we use macromolecules: Lipids – cell membranesProteins – enzymes (hemoglobin)Carbohydrates – energy storageNucleic Acids – DNA