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Biokimia 

Hormon

Blok 1.4

Biokimia 

FK Unand

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Hormon

•

Hormon: senyawa kimia yang disekresikan

oleh specific glands atau cell danberperan sebagai

chemical messenger

atau

signal molecule

• 

Hormon 

dalam sirkulasi darah sangat

rendah (10 –12

- 10 –7

mol L –1).

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Hormones

ReproductionReproduction Growth &Growth &

DevelopmentDevelopment

  aintenance of

internal environment

Energy production,Energy production,

utilization & storageutilization & storage

Fungsi HormonFungsi Hormon

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GAS MOLECULE

Cell Communication 

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Generalized Signal Transduction Pathway

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Simple Intracellular & Extracelluler

Signaling

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Receptor 

Receptor: specific membrane protein, dapat

mengenal dan berikatan dengan

corresponding ligand molecules, aktiv, dantransduce signal ke

next signaling

molecules:A. Membran

B. Intra Sel

Glycoprotein atau

Lipoprotein

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Hormon

-

Receptor 

• 

highly specificity

•

highly affinity

• 

saturation

• 

reversible binding

•

special function model

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Pengaturan 

receptor 

• 

Phosphorylation 

ataudephosphorylation

dari 

Receptor 

• 

Phospholipid 

membran

•

Enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis

• 

G protein

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(1) Recognize the special ligand

(2) Binding to special ligand

(3) Signal transduction

biological effect

Fungsi 

receptor 

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Koolman, Color Atlas of Biochemistry, 2nd edition © 2005 Thieme

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Hypothalamus

Anterior pituitaryPosterior pituitary

Thyrotropin

ACTH

Somatotropin

LH

FSH

Prolactin

Vasopressin

Oxytocin

Thyroid

Adrenal

Cortex

Adrenal

MedullaPancreas Ovary   Testis

Musclesliver Tissues

Liver,muscles

Estradiol  TestosteroneInsulin,glucagon,

somatostatin

T3   Cortisolaldosterone

Mammaryglands

Reproductiveorgans

Epinephrine

Releasing

hormones

Nervous

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Struktur 

Kimia Hormon

1. Derived from amino acids (Hydrophilic)

Amino acid derivatives thyroxine

Histamine, serotonin, melatonin, and the

catecholamines, dopa, dopamine,

norepinephrine, and epinephrine are

known as “biogenic amines.”

Tripeptides TRH

Small peptides VP (ADH), somatostatin

Intermediate-size peptides

insulin, parathyroid hormone

Complex polypeptides

and glycoproteins

gonadotropins, TSH

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A. Signaling substances derived from amino acids

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B. peptide hormones dan

proteohormones

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2. lipid precursors

Cholesterol derivatives cortisol, testosterone, vitamin D ,estradiol

Fatty acid derivatives prostaglandins, leukotrienesPhospholipid derivative  platelet-activating factor 

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Lipophilic

hormones

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Steroid hormones

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3. Derived from other chemicals (mediator)

Purines adenosineGases nitric oxide

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Hormon Pituitary -

hypothalamic

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Klasifikasi: Mekanisme Kerja

•

Hormones : bind to intracellular receptors

• 

Hormones : bind to cell surface receptors –

second messenger : cAMP

 –

second messenger : cGMP

• 

second messenger : 

calcium atauphosphatidylinositols

(or both)

• 

second messenger : 

a kinase atauphosphatase

cascade

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I. Hormones : intracellular receptors

•

 Androgens

• 

Calcitriol (1,25[OH]2-D3)•

Estrogens

• 

Glucocorticoids• 

Mineralocorticoids

•

Progestins

• 

Retinoic acid

•

Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

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II. Hormones : cell surface receptors

A. The second messenger iscAMP:

•

α2-Adrenergic catecholamines•

β-Adrenergic catecholamines

•

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

•

Antidiuretic hormone

•

Calcitonin

•

Chorionic gonadotropin, human•

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

•

Follicle-stimulating hormone

•

Glucagon

•

Lipotropin

•

Luteinizing hormone•

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

•

Parathyroid hormone

•

Somatostatin

•

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

B. The second messenger iscGMP:

•

Atrial natriuretic factor 

•

Nitric oxide

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II. Hormones …..

C. The second messenger is calcium orphosphatidylinositols

(or both):

•

 Acetylcholine (muscarinic)•

α1-Adrenergic catecholamines

•

 Angiotensin II

•

 Antidiuretic hormone

(vasopressin)•

Cholecystokinin

•

Gastrin

•

Gonadotropin-releasing

hormone•

Oxytocin

•

Platelet-derived growth factor 

•

Substance P

•

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

D. The second messenger is a kinaseor phosphatase

cascade:

•

Chorionic somatomammotropin

•

Epidermal growth factor 

•

Erythropoietin

•

Fibroblast growth factor •

Growth hormone

•

Insulin

•

Insulin-like growth factors I and II

•

Nerve growth factor •

Platelet-derived growth factor 

•

Prolactin

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Referensi

•

MURRAY, R. K., BENDER, D. A., BOTHAM, K. M., J, P.,

KENNELLY, RODWELL, V. W. & WEIL, P. A. (2009) Harper’s

Illustrated Biochemistry, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc•

VOET, D., G.VOET, J. & PRATT, C. W. (2008) FUNDAMENTALS

OF Biochemistry :LIFE AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL, John Wiley &

Sons, Inc.

•

KOOLMAN, J. & ROEHM, K.-H. (2005) Color Atlas of Biochemistry,New York, Thieme.

•

JAIN, J. L., JAIN, S. & JAIN, N. (2005) FUNDAMENTALS OF

BIOCHEMISTRY, NEW DELHI, S. CHAND & COMPANY LTD.