Biodiversity

CONTENTS

1. Introduction2. Concept of biodiversity and its types3. Distribution of biodiversity4. Biodiversity and balance of nature5. Benefits of biodiversity6. Threats to biodiversity7. Conservation of biodiversity

INTRODUCTION The term biodiversity was first coined by

Walter G. Rosen in 1986. The variety of different types of life found on earth is known as biodiversity. It refers to the genetic variation ,ecosystem variation within an area ,biome or planet.

BIODIVERSITY

What does bio means?

BIO=LIFE

BIODIVERSITYWhat does Diversity means?

DIVERSITY=VARIETY

CONCEPTS OF BIODIVERSITY AND ITS TYPES Biodiversity is the variety of life forms

on earth and the essential independence of all living things.

As defined in convention on biological diversity signed at Rio De Jenerio(Brazil) in 1992 by 154 countries.

According to IUCN in 1998, “the variety and variability of species of their population , the variety of species of their life forms , the diversity of the complex association of species with their interactions and their ecological process which influences perform.

There are 3 types of biodiversity :-1. Diversity of species2. Diversity of ecosystem3. Diversity of genes

DISTRIBUTION OF BIODIVERSITY*Flora and Fauna depends on :-1. Climate2. Altitude3. Soils4. Presence of other species*Most of the biodiversity concentrated in Tropical region*Biodiversity Hotspots:-5. A region with high biodiversity with most of

species vary endemic.6. India have 2 biodiversity hotspots:-East himalaya region and Western ghat

BIODIVERSITY AND BALANCE OF NATURE Tropical level :- Elimination of species from tropic

level can cause destruction of ecosystem as well as biodiversity.

Complex ecosystem :- In a complicated ecosystem having several tropic levels , loss of one or more species do not cause any serious problem because the alternative available.

Keystone species :- Loss of addition of species causes detectable changes in ecosystem rates i.e. species make unique contribution to ecosystem functioning

BENEFITS OF BIODIVERSITY*Consumption value:-1. food/drink2. Fuel3. Medicine4. Better crop varieties5. Industrial material*Non-Consumption value:-6. Recreation7. Education and research8. Traditional value

*Ecological services :-1.Balance of nature2. Biological productivity3. Regulation of climate4. Degradation of waste5. Cleaning of air and water6. Cycling of nutrients7. Control of potential pest and disease causing pests8. Detoxification of soil and sediments9. Stabilization of land against erosion10. Carbon sequestration and global climate change11. Maintainence of soil fertility

THREATS TO BIODIVERSITYY*Natural causes:-1. Narrow geographical area2. Low population3. Low breeding rate4. Natural disasters*Anthropogenic causes:-5. Habitat modification6. Overexploitation of selected species7. Innovation by exotic species8. Population9. Hunting10. Global warming and climate change11. Agriculture12. Domino effect

CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY Biodiversity inventories Conserving biodiversity in protected habitats:-

In-Situ conservation and Ex-Situ conservation Seed bank , gene bank ,pollen bank ,DNA

bank Restoration of biodiversity Importing enviornmental education Enacting , strengthing and enforcing

enviornmental legislation Population control Reviewing the agriculture practice Controlling utilization Conservation through biotechnology

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