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CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE
AND ORGANIZATION
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What do they have in common?
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Learning 0utcomes
At the of the lesson, students should be able to
1. Draw and label an animal cell and plant cell
2. Identify and list 12 cellular components of
animal cell and plant cell3. State the function of 12 cellular components in
both cell
4. Compare and contrast an animal cell and a
plant cell5. Relate the density of certain organelles with
the function of specific cell
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What is The Cell
Basic unit of life
Building blocks of which living things are
made.
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2.1 Cell Structure And Function
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Cellular components of animal and
plant cells
The living component of a cell is called
protoplasm.
Consist of cytoplasm and nucleus.
Surrounded by plasma membrane.
In plant cell,-plus outer boundary called
cell wall. Can be seen under light microscope.
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Under new and improved microscope,
scientist are able to see cellular
components in greater detail.
We can see organelles.
Organelles are bodies with specialized
functions, suspended in cytoplasm.
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Plasma membrane
Made of protein and phospholipid
Semi permeable and acts as selective
barrier
Separates the content of cell with the
outer environment
Regulates movement of substances in andout of cytoplasm
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Cell wall
Rigid outer layer that surround the plasmamembrane
Compose of cellulose, a tough and fibrous
carbohydrate Permeable to all fluid
Give shape to plant cell
Provide mechanical support Protect plant cell from rupturing due to
excessive intake of water
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Cytoplasm
Region between nucleus and plasma
membrane
Consist of jelly like matrix in which
organelles are suspended.
Contain organic and inorganic substances
Medium for biochemical reaction Provide substances obtained from
external environment to the organelles
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Nucleus
A large, dense, spherical organelle enclosed by
nuclear envelope
Contain nucleoplasm and nucleolus
Nucleoplasm contain chromatin
Chromosomes carry genetic information-
determine characteristic and function of cell
Conrol all activities take place in cell
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Vacuole
Fluid-filled sacs which is surrounded by
tonoplast
Storage place in a cell-water, organic acid,
amino acid, mineral salt, waste product
Cell sap provide support for herbaceous
plant
Contractile vacuole help regulate water
balance
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Mitochondria
Small spherical/cylindrical-shaped
organelle
Involve in cellular respiration and release
energy
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Ribosomes
Compact spherical organelle
Attached to RER or suspended freely in
cytoplasm
Site of protein synthesis
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Endoplasmic reticulum
Network of folded membrane forming
interconnected tubules or sacs
RER and SER
RER- transport protein made by ribosome
SER- synthesis of lipid and detoxification
of drug and poison.
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Golgi apparatus
Stack of flattened membranous sacs
Processing, packaging and transporting
centre of carbohydrate, protein,
phospholipid and glycoprotein
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Lysosomes
Membrane bound sac
Contain hydrolytic enzymes-digest
macromolecules
Eliminate worn out cell and damaged
organelles.
Digest bacteria
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Centrioles
Pair of small cylindrical structures located
just outside nucleus
Composed of microtubules
Absent in plant cell
Involve in cell division
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Chloroplast Lens shaped
Contain green pigment chlorophyll
Chlorophyll trap sunlight and convert lightenergy into chemical energy during
photosynthesis
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ACTIVITY 1
Matching the cellular components
of animal and plant cells to theirfunctions.
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Comparison between the structure
of animal and plant cells
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ACTIVTY 2
Comparing the structure of animal
and plants cell
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Discussion
Animal cell Similarities Plant cell
Both cells have nucleus, plasma membrane, ribosomes, rough ER, smooth
ER, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria
DifferencesAnimal cell Plant cell
Flexible/irregular Shape Fixed/regular
Absent Cell wall Present
No large sap vacuole, ifpresent is very small
Vacuole Large sap vacuole in the centreof cell
Absent Chloroplast Present
Glycogen Stored food Starch
Present Centriole Absent
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The density of organelles in specific
cells
Animal and plant are made of differenttypes of cells which perform differentfunction.
For example, nerve cells send nerveimpulses and red blood cell transportoxygen.
Abundance of certain organelles is relatedto the function of specific cells and theactivity of the organism.
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ACTIVITY 3
Relating the density of certain
organelles with the specificfunctions of specific cells
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Discussion
Cell Function Organelles
Sperm cell Swim toward the ovumduring fertilisation
Mitochondria
Muscle cell in bird andinsect
Move their wing whenflying
Mitochondria
Liver cell Detoxify drugs and poison Mitochondria
Pancreatic cells Synthesize and secreteenzymes and hormones
Rough ER
Mesophyll palisade cells Carry out photosynthesis Chloroplast
Cells in meristem Divide actively to producenew cells during growth
Mitochondria
Guard cells and spongymesophyll cells
Carry out photosynthesis Chloroplast
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CONCLUSION
Cell
Cellular components/organelles
Function of cellular
component/organelles
Function of specific
cells
Density of organelle
related to