LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 PPD MELAKA TENGAH SULIT 4551/1 SULIT 4551/1 4551/1 Biology Paper 1 October 2009 1¼ jam PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH PROGRAM LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY Paper 1 Satu jam lima belas miniit JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU 1. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 50 soalan 2. Jawab semua soalan 3. Jawab dengan menghitamkan ruangan yang betul pada kertas jawapan 4. Hitamkan satu ruangan sahaja bagi setiap soalan 5. Rajah tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan 6. Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 20 halaman bercetak
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LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
PPD MELAKA TENGAHSULIT 4551/1
SULIT 4551/14551/1BiologyPaper 1October 20091 ¼ jam
PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH
PROGRAM LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
BIOLOGY
Paper 1
Satu jam lima belas miniit
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU
1. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 50 soalan
2. Jawab semua soalan
3. Jawab dengan menghitamkan ruangan yang betul pada kertas jawapan
4. Hitamkan satu ruangan sahaja bagi setiap soalan
5. Rajah tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan
6. Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 20 halaman bercetak
4551/1 LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
PPD MELAKA TENGAH
2
1 Diagram 1 shows a type of muscle tissue found in the human body. Where is thetissue found?
Diagram 1
A Heart C BicepsB Pancreas D Small intestine
2 The plasma membrane consists of molecules arranged in a double layer asshown in Diagram 2
Diagram 2
The part labelled I and II areA hydrophobic and hydrophilic respectivelyB hydrophilic and hydrophobic respectivelyC both hydrophobicD both hydrophilic
3. Diagram 3 shows the net flow of water molecules from a dilute solutionto a concentrated solution through a semi-permeable membrane.
Diagram 3
What is this process called?A OsmosisB Active transportC Simple diffusionD Facilitated diffusion
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4 Diagram 4 is a graph which shows the changes in mass of potato strips immersed indifferent concentrations of sucrose solution.
Diagram 4
Based on the graph, which of the following concentrations of sucrose solution shouldbe used so that a flaccid potato strip regains its turgidity?A 1.5 g per 100 mlB 2.5 g per 100 mlC 3.5 g per 100 mlD 4.5 g per 100 ml
5. Lipid is needed to build substance X while cellulose is needed to build substance Y.What are substances X and Y?
Substance X Substance Y
A Protoplasm Cell wall
B Plasma membrane Cell wall
C Cell wall Protoplasm
D Cell wall Plasma membrane
6 . Haemoglobin is an example of aA. primary structure of proteinB. secondary structure of proteinC. tertiary structure of proteinD. quarternary structure of protein
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7 Which of the following graph shows the effect of pH on the metabolic rate of theenzyme pepsin?
8 Diagram 5 shows the phases in a cell cycle.
X phase
Rate ofreaction Rate of
reaction
Rate ofreaction Rate of
reaction
X phase
Y
ENGAH
Diagram 5
phase
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5
Which of the following represents V ?
A mitosis C stage SB cytokinesis D stage G1
9 Diagram 6 shows a phase in mitosis of a plant cell.
Diagram 6
Which of the following is true about the cell in Diagram 6 ?
Stage of mitosis Number of chromosomes in themother cell
A Anaphase 4B Telophase 4C Anaphase 8D Telophase 8
10. Crossing over is an important process in meiosis. It results in variations in the daughtercells. At which stage of meiosis does crossing over take place?
A Prophase IB Prophase IIC Metaphase IID Anaphase I
11 Lack of vitamin D in the diet will cause the disease
A scurvy.B beri-beri.C rickets.D pellagra.
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12 Diagram 7 shows the molecular structure of three food classes
Diagram 7
Which food classes do X, Y and Z belong to ?
X Y ZA CarbohydrateB ProteinC ProteinD Lipid
ProteinLipid
CarbohydrateCarbohydrate
LipidCarbohydrate
LipidProtein
13 Diagram 8 shows part of the human alimentary canal.
Diagram 8
A person who has structure P removed must regulate his dietary intake of
A. fats C proteinB. carbohydrate D. water
14 In the absence of oxygen the skeletal muscles contract using energy from thebreakdown of glucose and glycogen toA ethanol and waterB energy and waterC ethanol and lactic acidD lactic acid and energy
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15 Which of the following is not involved in the transportation of carbon dioxide by theblood.A Carbonic acidB CarbaminohaemoglobinC Hydrogen carbonate ionD Carbon monoxide
16 Table shows the biomass of a few types of organisms in a community.
Organism Total Biomass of all theorganisms at eachtrophic level(kg)
P 1200Q 30R 150S 670T 100U 2700
Which of the following is a possible food chain in this community?
A P → U → S → T C P → S → T → QB Q → R → S → P D U → S → P → Q
17 Which of the following organisms is a parasite ?
A C
B D
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18 Diagram 9 is a graph which shows changes in the population of two species ofbeetles, T and U, over a period of time. Both species feed on the same food source.
W
AB
19 Dm
WAC
20
P
T U
LAKA TENGAH
D
hat is the interrelatio
SymbiosisPredation
iagram 10 shows a crain tissues.
hat is Y ?PhloemCortex
Diagram 11 shows
opulation
iagram 9
nship between species T and U?
C ParasitismD Competition
oss section of a young dicotyledon root consisting of a few
Diagram 10
B XylemD Cambium
some human bones .
Diagram 11
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Which bones are part of the axial skeleton ?A P and SB Q and RC P , Q and RD Q , R and S
21 Diagram 12 below shows a motor neuron.
Diagram 12
Which one of the following A, B, C or D in the table below names the labelled partscorrectly?
1 2ABCD
Cell bodyAxonDendriteSynapse
AxonDendriteMyelin sheathDendrite
22 Diagram 13 shows a plant with soft stem .
Which of the following support structures helps the plant climb to obtain sunlight ?
Diagram 13
A Clasping roots B Twining stemsC Tendrils D Thorns.
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23 Diagram 14 shows a nerve pathway involved in a reflex action. Which structure is theefferent neurone?
Diagram 14
24 Some cucumber slices are immersed in 0.1% sucrose solution. After 3 hours, theslices are found to be turgid and hard.Which of the following statements explains this phenomenon?
A The cucumber cell wall prevents it from shrinkingB The cell sap is hypotonic towards the sucrose solutionC The high concentration of the cell sap in the vacuole causes water to
diffuse into the cellD The cucumber cell wall allows the sucrose molecules to diffuse into the
cell
25 Diagram 15 shows the four-chambered stomach of a ruminant.
Which of the following
A. S- Rumen, mutualB. V- Reticulum, the p
mouth for chewC. U- Omasum, the reD. T- Duodenum, the
Diagram 15
is not a correct match about each chamber and its function?
istic bacteria digest cellulose.artially digested food is formed into balls and regurgitated into theinggurgitated food in the mouth is passed into the omasumdigested products are absorbed.
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26 What substances are dissolved in the fuid which passes along the ureter to thebladder of a healthy person?
27 Diagram 16 shows the female reproductive system. In which parts are the eggs andthe zygote formed?
Diagram 16
Eggs Zygote
A
B
C
D
1
1
2
2
2
3
1
3
28 Diagram 17 shows sex determination in human.
Ovary cell Testis cell
1
2
Diagram 17
P
R
GametesQ
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If a couple have a son, what is the cell composition in P, Q and R?
P Q RA 44 + X 44 + Y 44 + XYB 22 + Y 22 + X 44 + XYC 22 + X 22 + X 44 + XXD 22 + X 22 + Y 44 + XY
29 Which of these genetically inherited disease is dangerous and can cause deathat a young age?
A. AlbinoB. HaemophiliaC. Short-sightednessD. Down syndrome
30 Table 1 shows a Punnet square which represents the gametes and progenyfrom a dihybrid cross. Alphabets a to p represent the daughter cells from thiscross.
male gamete
female gamete
HK Hk hK hk
HK a b c dHk e f g hhK I j k lhk m n o p
Table 1
Which of the following daughter cells have the same genotype as the parent ?
A a, f, k, p C d, g, j, mB b, c, e, I D e, f, h, l
31 Diagram 18 shows the development of a pollen tube and its entry into the ovule.Which part develops into the testa after fertilisation?
Diagram 18
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32 Contraceptive pills contain a combination ofA. estrogen and luteinising hormone.B. progesterone and prolactinC. estrogen and follicle stimulating hormoneD. progesterone and estrogen.
33. Which of the following shows the differences between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis MeiosisI Involves one stage of cell division Involves two stages of cell division
II Produces two diploid daughter cells Produces four haploid daughtercells
III Synapsis and crossing over takesplace between homologouschromosomes
Synapsis and crossing over doesnot take place
IV Chromosomes are not in pairs Homologous chromosomes are inpairs at prophase I
A I and II onlyB I and III onlyC I, II and IV onlyD I, II, III and IV
34 Diagram 19 is a graph which represents a type of variation found in students.
Diagram 19This variation may be
I height II weightIII type of ear lobe IV dimpleA I and II only C III and IV onlyB I and III only D I, II, III and IV
Variation
Number ofindividuals
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35 Which of the following is not a cause of variation?
A. Radiation B. Gene mutationC. Asexual reproduction D. Meiosis
36 Diagram 20 shows the structure of a villus in the ileum
Diagram 20
Which vessels P, Q, R, and S carry the largest amounts of glucose, amino acids, lipiddroplets or fat-soluble vitamins?
Glucose Aminoacids
Lipiddroplets
Fat solublevitamins
A P Q R S
B Q P R S
C R R S S
D S S R R
37 Diagram 21 shows a plastic quadrat used to determine the percentage coverage ofbread mould on a piece of bread. The shaded area shows the presence of mould.
Diagram 21
Based on the result obtained in Diagram 21, calculate the percentage coverage ofthe bread mould , taking the area of each small square to be 1 cm²
A 32 % C 56%B 40% D 80%
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38 Diagram 22 below shows equipment that can cause the thinning of the ozone layer.
Diagram 22
How can this problem be solved?
I Stop using chlorofluorocarbonII Replace CFCs with HCFCsIII Patching holes in the ozone layerIV Produce less electrical goods
A I and IIB II and IVC I, II and IIID I, II, III and IV
39 The following statement is about eutrophication.
What is the correct sequence of the eutrophication process ?
A O, L, M and N C L, M, O and NB L, N, M and O D O, M, L and N
L : Excess fertilisers from agriculture lands flow into lakesM : Bacteria grow rapidlyN : Algae grow rapidly and covers the surface of the lakeO : The value of BOD increase
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40. An experiment was carried out to investigate the rate of water loss from a plant in aday.The wind and relative humidity factors were kept constant. Diagram 23 is a graphwhich shows the result obtained from 0600 to 1300 hours .Which of the curves A,B,Cor D is expected to show the rate of water loss in the plant after 1300 hours ?
Diagram 23
41 Diagram 24 shows a human arm .
Diagram 24
If tendon X was torn off,what happens to the arm ?A The elbow joint loosens upB The fingers cannot gripC The arm connot be bentD The lower arm cannot twist.
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42 Diagram 25 is a graph which shows the changes in the glucose concentration in theblood of a person over a period of two hours.
Diagram 25
Which of the following best explains the shape of the graph after X?A. The person has eaten a meal that is high in sugar .B. The person has had an insulin injection.C. The person is suffering from diabetes mellitus.D. The person starts some vigorous physical exercise.
43 Which characteristics of the glomerulus enhances the efficiency of ultrafiltration ?I. The diameter of the afferent arteriole is larger than that of the efferent arteriole.II. The afferent arteriole divides further into a dense network of capillaries.
III. The high hydrostatic pressure of the blood entering the glomerulus.IV. The Bowman’s capsule is made up of only two layers of cells.
A. I, II and III onlyB. I, II and IV onlyC. II, III and IV onlyD. I, II, III and IV
44 A woman’s menstrual period started on 23rd March. In which week was an egg mostlikely to have been released?
45 What is true about the importance of secondary growth in plants?I. It increases the diameters of the plant stems and roots for mechanical support.II. It allows plants to increase in length to achieve maximum height.III. It produces new phloem and xylem tissues to replace the old and damaged ones.IV. It produces a thick bark which reduces the evaporation of water from the surface
of the stem.
A. I, II and III only B. I, III and IV onlyC II, III and IV only D. I, II, III and IV.
46 A woman with blood group A claims that a man with blood group AB is thefather of her baby. The baby’s blood is tested. Which of the following could be thebaby’s blood group?
I Group AII Group BIII Group OIV Group AB
A I and II onlyB I and IV onlyC I, II and IV onlyD I, II, III and IV
47 Which of the following shows the difference between continuous variation anddiscontinuous variation?
Continuous Variation Discontinuous VariationA Controlled by dominant genes. Controlled by recessive genes.B Caused by mutation. Not caused by mutation.C Occurs in animals. Occurs in plants.D Can be measured. Cannot be measured.
48 The Hydrangea plant produces blue flowers when grown on acidic soil, and redflowers when grown on alkaline soil. What conclusion can be made from thisobservation?
A. The colour of the Hydrangea flower is a continuous variationB. The environment affects the colour of the flowersC. The pH of the soil causes mutationD. The colour of the flower is affected by the genetic factor only
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49 I - Homologous chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.II - Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite polesIII – Sister chromatids separate and move to different polesIV – Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate.
I, II, III and IV shows the processes which occur in meiosis. Among the followingevents, which occur in anaphase I ?.
A I onlyB II onlyC III and IV onlyD II and IV only
50 Diagram 26 shows an organ system.
Diagram 26
What are the functions of the organ system shown above?I To transport oxygen to the body cellsII To defend the body against diseasesIII To remove metabolic wastesIV To help regulate the volume and composition of bloodA I and II onlyB I and III onlyC II and IV onlyD III and IV only
END OF QUESTION PAPERKERTAS SOALAN TAMAT
PPD MELAKA TENGAH
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 18 halaman bercetak
4551/2 [Lihat sebelah]
SULIT4551/2BIOLOGYKertas 2Oktober20092 ½ jam
PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH_______________________________________________________
PROGRAM LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
BIOLOGI
KERTAS 2
Dua jam tiga puluh minit
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU
1. Tulis nama dan kelas anda padaruang yang disediakan.
2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalamdwibahasa.
3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggerismendahului soalan yang sepadandalam bahasa Melayu.
4. Calon dibenarkan menjawabkeseluruhan atau sebahagian soalansama ada dalambahasa Inggeris atau bahasaMelayu.
5. Calon dikehendaki membacamaklumat di halaman belakangkertas soalan ini.
Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa
Bahagian SoalanMarkahPenuh
MarkahDiperoleh
1 12
2 12
A 3 12
4 12
5 12
6 20
B 7 20
8 20
9 20
Jumlah
NAMA :
FORM:
4551/2 - 2 - LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
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Section A[ 60 marks ]
Answer all questions from this section.
1. Diagram 1 shows cell organisation in plant. Cells J undergo differentiation andspecialisation to form several tissues in a leaf of a green plant.Rajah 1 menunjukkan organisasi sel dalam satu tumbuhan. Sel-sel J mengalamipembezaan dan pengkhususan untuk membentuk beberapa tisu dalamsatutumbuhan hijau.
(a) NameNamak
K : ……
L: ……
Cells JSel-sel J
daun
Cell Specialisation K
L
Cross-sectionof a leafKeratanrentas sehelai
A TENGAH
DIAGRAM 1
tissue K and tissue L.an tisu K dan L
…………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
XylemtissueTisuxilem
M
4551/2 - 3 - LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
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(b) State the function of cells K and M in a leaf.Nyatakan fungsi sel K dan M dalam sehelai daun
K : ……………………………………………………………………………………….
M: ……...……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(c) (i) Explain the differentiation of cells J to form the xylem tissue.Terangkan pembezaan sel J dalam membentuk tisu xilem.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(ii) During the formation of the xylem tissue, the plant was unable to synthesise lignin.Explain the effect on the function of the leaf.Sewaktu pembentukan tisu xylem, satu tumbuhan gagal mensistesis lignin.
Terangkan kesannya keatas fungsi daun tumbuhan tersebut.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(d) Based on diagram 1, state the meaning of cell specialization.Berdasarkan rajah 1, nyatakan maksud pengkhususan sel.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(e) Leaf is the main photosynthetic organ of a plant.Explain the adaptation of tissue L to enable the leaf to carry out its function.Daun adalah organ utama fotosintesis sesuatu tumbuhanTerangkan adaptasi tisu L untuk membolehkannya menjalankan fungsinya
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
TOTAL
4551/2 - 4 - LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
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2. Diagram 2.1 shows the cell cycle of an organism.
Diagram 2.1
(a) Name phase U in Diagram 2.1..
U:………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]
(b) Phase U is further divided into three sub phases, X, Y and Z. Describe whathappens at sub phases X, Y and Z.
X: ………………………………………………………………………
Y: ………………………………………………………………………
Z: ………………………………………………………………………[3 marks]
(c) The number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a somatic cell is 6.Diagram 2.2 shows a stage of cell division to produce gametes.
Diagram 2.2
Mitotic celldivision Phase U
4551/2 - 5 - LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
PPD MELAKA TENGAH
Complete the diagram to show the chromosomes for a daughter cell producedat the end of sub-phase Q.
[2 marks]
( d ) Explain how radiotherapy affected cell cycle in cancer treatment.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(e)(i) A farmer wants to breed a good variety of banana plants for commercialproduction. Suggest a suitable method to be used and explain how the methodnamed can increase the crop yield.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
(ii) State a problem that can occur when using this method..
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
TOTAL
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3. Diagram 3 shows part of a nitrogen cycle.Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian kitar nitrogen.
Nitrogen in the atmosphereNitrogen dalam atmosfera
Nitrogen fixation bymicroorganisms in plant PPengikatan nitrogen olehmikroorganisma dalamtumbuhan P
NitrcomSebadala
Nitrogenous comin animalsSebatian nitrogehaiwan
Process YProses Y
Substance QBahan Q
Ammonium compoundsSebatian ammonium
NitritesNitrit
Organism R
..............................
.............................
..............................
[3marks]
ogenouspounds in plantstian nitrogenm tumbuhan
pounds
n dalam
Organisma R
4551/2 - 7 - LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
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(b) (i ) Name the microorganism that is involved in the nitrogen cycle and lives in plantP.Namakan mikroorganisma yang terlibat dalam kitar nitrogen dan tinggal dalamtumbuhan P.
(ii) Besides nitrogen fixation by microorganisms, name a natural phenomenon which isalso able to convert nitrogen in the atmosphere to substance Q.Selain daripada pengikatan nitrogen oleh mikroorganisma, namakan satufenomena semulajadi yang boleh menukarkan nitrogen dalam atmosfera kepadabahan Q.
(d) Explain how a deficiency of Q in the soil affects the growth of the plants.Terangkan bagaimana kekurangan Q dalam tanah memberi kesan terhadappertumbuhan tumbuhan.
4 Two individuals P and Q were given injections to acquire immunity. The level of antibodiesin the blood of individual P and Q is shown in Diagram 4.1 and 4.2 respectively.
(a) What is the su
P : ……………
Q : ……………
Individual P
Individual Q
AH
DIAGRAM 4.1
DIAGRAM 5.2
DIAGRAM 4.2
bstance injected into the blood of individual P and individual Q ?
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
1st injection 2nd
injection
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Co
nce
ntr
ati
on
of
an
tib
od
ies
inth
eb
loo
d(a
rbit
rary
un
it)
Immunity level
Increaseimmediately
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1st
vaccination 2nd
vaccination Time (weeks)
Immunity level
Co
nce
ntr
ati
on
of
an
tib
od
ies
inth
eb
loo
d(a
rbit
rary
un
it)
Booster dose (2nd)stimulates a faster and
larger lastingresponse.
1st Injection 2nd Injection
Time (weeks)
4551/2 - 9 - LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
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[ 2 marks ]
(b) State the type of immunity obtained by individual P and individual Q.
P : …………………………………………………………………………….….
Q : ………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 2 marks ]
(c) Using your biological knowledge, describe how you could save this boy.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………..…………………………………………………………………….……
[ 4 marks ]
(d) Table 4.1 shows a schedule of immunisation given for every new born Malaysian until the
age of two.
Age Types of Immunity
New born
Tuberculosis (B.C.G)
Hepatitis B ( First dose )
1 month Hepatitis B ( Second dose )
3 month
Triple Antigen
Polio ( First dose )
5 month
Triple Antigen
Polio ( Second dose )
Hepatitis B ( Third dose )
9 – 24 month Germans measles
1 ½ - 2 year
Triple Antigen
Polio ( Third dose )
TABLE 4.1
A boy was bitten by a snake. He was unconscious
and he was hospitalised.
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(d) (i) Based on Table 4.1, state the type of pathogen which cause the diseases.
(a) (i) Based on Figure 5, name the type of fingerprints of students X and Y below.Berdasarkan Rajah 5, namakan jenis cap jari bagi pelajar X dan Y di bawah.
Student X Student Y
Type of fingerprint: Type of fingerprint:Jenis cap ibu jari: Jenis cap ibu jari:
……………………………… ….……………………………[2 marks]
(ii) State one factor that causes variation in the fingerprints of students X and Y.Nyatakan bagaimana faktor di (a)(ii) menghasilkan variasi.
(iii) State how the factor in (a) (ii) causes variation.Nyatakan bagaimana faktor di (a)(ii) menghasilkan variasi.
………………………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]
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(b) (i) What is the type of variation shown in Figure 5?Apakah jenis variasi yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]
(ii) State two traits, other than fingerprint, which show the same type of variation asin (b)(i).Nyatakan dua trait selain cap jari yang menunjukkan variasi yang sama seperti(b)(i).
(c) Height is a type of variation.Explain the differences between the type of variation shown by fingerprints andheight.
Trait ketinggian merupakan sejenis variasiHuraikan perbezaan antara variasi yang ditunjukkan oleh trait jenis cap jari dengantrait ketinggian pelajar.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks](d) Explain how variation can ensure the survival of a species.
Terangkan bagaimana variasi boleh menjamin kemandirian suatu spesies
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
TOTAL
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SECTION B
[ 40 marks ]
Answer two questions from this section.
6. Diagram 6.1 shows a respiratory structure of an insect.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan struktur respirasi satu serangga
DIAGRAM 6.1
(a) (i) Explain the gases exchange between tracheol and body cell.
Terangkan pertukaran gas antara trakeol dan sel-sel badan[4 marks]
(ii) Chitin is a polysaccharide on the outer surface of structure P. Due to the change inthe environment, the insect is unable to form the polysaccharide.Explain how the absence of chitin affects inhalation and the energy production.
Kitin adalah polisakarida yang terdapat pada permukaan struktur P. Disebabkanperubahan dalam persekitaran, serangga tidak dapat menghasilkan polisakarida.Terangkan bagaimana ketiadaan kitin memberi kesan keatas proses tarikan nafasdan penghasilan tenaga .
[6 marks]
PTracheolTrakeol
Body cellsSel-selBadan
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PPD MELAKA TENGAH
(b) Diagram 6.2 shows the rate of oxygen intake before, during and after a vigorousexercise of an athlete.
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan kadar pengambilan oksigen sebelum, semasa dan selepassatu latihan intensif seorang atlit.
Time (min)
DIAGRAM 6.2
(i) Based on the graph, compare the respiration before and during the vigorousexercise.
Berdasarkan graf diatas, bezakan proses respirasi sebelum dan semasalatihan tersebut.
[4 marks]
(ii) Explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to the normal level at the 25thminute.
Terangkan bagaiman pengambilan oksigen oleh atlit tersebut kembali ke asalselepas minit ke 25
[6 marks]
Vigorous exercise
Oxygen intake(litre/minute)
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PPD MELAKA TENGAH
(7) (a) Figure 7 shows development of the follicle in the female ovary, thickeningof uterine endometrium and the hormones involved.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan perkembangan folokel dalam ovari seorang perempuan,penebalan endometrium uterus dan hormonphormon yang terlbat.
FIGURE 7
Explain the relationship between development of the follicle , changing of therespective hormonal level in the blood and the thickening of the uterineendometrium in a female.
Terangkan hubungan antara perkembangan folikel, perubahan aras hormon-hormon masing-masing dalam darah dan penebalan endometrium uterus padaseorang perempuan.
(10marks)
Time (Day)
Estrogen
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PPD MELAKA TENGAH
(b) Graph 7(a) and 7(b) show the growth curve of human and insect.Based on the graph , compare the growth process in human and insect.
Graf 7 (a) dan 7 (b) menunjkkan lengkuk pertumbuhan manusia dan seranggaBerdasarkan graf, bandingkan proses pertumbuhan pada manusia dan serangga.
(10marks)
GRAPH 7(a) : Growth curve for human
GRAPH 7(b) : Growth curve for insect
Height (cm)
Time (year)
Length(cm)
Time(day)
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PPD MELAKA TENGA
8 (a) Diagram 8 shows the blood groups of a married couple, Encik Ahmad andPuan Amalina and their children.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan kumpulan darah bagi pasangan suami isteri EncikAhmad dan Puan Amalina serta anak-anaknya.
s the variation of blood grotion in blood groups of the of
jukkan variasi kumpulan daya variasi dalam kumpulan d
ering is widely used in the fict of genetic engineering on
enetik digunakan secara me
ntang impak kejuruteraan ge
darahBloogroup A
EPn AmalinaBlood group BKumpulan darah B
blood group 0 blood group ABkumpulan darah O kumpulann darah AB
8
ups in En Ahmad’s family. Explain whyfspring.
rah dalam keluarga En Ahmad. Terangkanarah anak-anaknya.
[ 10 marks]
eld of agriculture and medicine.humans and the environment.
luas dalam bidang pertanian dan
netik terhadap manusia dan
[ 10 marks]
Blood group A
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PPD MELAKA TENGAH
Biodiversity is the variety of plants, animals and microorganisms living on Earth.These organisms live in different ecosystems and are important to our lives.Biodiversiti ialah kepelbagaian jenis tumbuhan, haiwan dan Mikroorganisma yanghidup di bumi. Organisma ini hidup dalam berbagai ekosistem dan penting kepadakehidupan kita.
9.(a)(i) Based on the statement discuss the importance of biodiversity.
Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas bincangkan kepentingan biodiversiti.[4 marks]
(ii) Diagram 9 shows an ecosystem in Malaysia.Rajah 9 menunjukkan satu ekosistem di Malaysia
Diagram 9
Discuss the importance of the ecosystem shown in Diagram 8 to the environmentand economy of our country.Bincangkan kepentingan ekosistem di Rajah 8 kepada persekitaran dan ekonominegara kita.
[6 marks](b)
Biotechnology is the application of organisms or microorganisms or their biologicalprocesses in the production of materials for use in medicine and industry.
Biotechnology ialah aplikasi organisma atau microorganism atau proses biologidalam penghasilan bahan-bahan untuk kegunaan bidang perubatan danperindustrian.
Discuss the uses of microorganisms inBincangkan pengunaan microorganisma dalam
(i) the waste treatment process.proses rawatan kumbahan.
(ii) food processingpemprosesan makanan
[10 marks]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
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SULIT4551/3BIOLOGYPaper 3October20091 ½ jam
PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH_______________________________________________________
PROGRAM LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
BIOLOGI
KERTAS 3
Satu jam tiga puluh minit
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU
1. Tuliskan nama dan tingkatanpada ruang yang disediakan.
2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalamdwibahasa.
3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggerismendahului soalan yang sepadandalam bahasa Melayu.
4. Calon dibenarkan menjawabkeseluruhan atau sebahagiansoalan sama ada dalam bahasaInggeris atau bahasa Melayu
Soalan Markahpenuh
Markahdiperolehi
1 33
2 17
Jumlah 50
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 9 halaman bercetak
NAME
FORM
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1. A student carried out an experiment to investigate the effect of running up and downa stair case on the rate of his heart beat . Figure 1.1 shows the method used by thestudent. The subject runs up the stair case and straight away runs down the samestair case.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu kajian untuk menyiasat kesan berlari menerusianak tangga keatas dan kebawah keatas kadar degupan jantungnya. Rajah 1.1menunjukkan cara yang digunakan oleh beliau. Pelajar itu berlari keatas dankebawah menggunakan anak tangga yang sama.
Immediately after the boy has finished running up and down the stair case, the timetaken for 30 heart beats is taken and is recorded in table 1.1.Sebaik sahaja pelajar itu selesai berlari keatas dan kebawah menerusi anak tanggatersebut, masa untuk 30 degupan jantungnya di catatkan dalam jadual 1.1
The whole experiment was repeated with the same boy running up the stair case asshown in Figure 1.2(a), 1.2(b) and 1.2(c) in Table 1.1 respectively. The results arealso shown in the same table.Keseluruhan kajian diulang oleh pelajar yang sama seperti di rajah 1.2 (a), 1.2(b)dan 1.2 (c) dalam jadual 1.1. Keputusan kajian ditunjukkan dalam jadual yang sama.
Situation
Numbers oftimes the boy
running up anddown the stair
case.
ObservationThe time takenfor making 30heartbeats (s)
Figure 1,1
One time
20
Figure 1.2(a)
Two times
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Figure 1.2(b)
Three times
Figure 1.2(c)
Four times
Table 1.1
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(a) (i) Based on Table 1.1, state two observations on the relationship of the numbersof times the boy runs up and down the stair case and the time taken for 30 heartbeats.Berdasarkan jadual 1.1, nyatakan dua pemerhatian tentang hubungan antara bilangankekerapan pelajar tersebut berlari menerusi anak tangga keatas dan kebawah dan masauntuk 30 degupan jantung
Observation 1 :Pemerhatian 1 :
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Observation 2 :Pemerhatian 2 :
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks][3 markah]
(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observations in 1(a) (i)Nyatakan inferen yang sepadan dengan pemerhatian di 1(a) (i)
Inference from observation 1:Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1 :
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Inference from observation 2 :Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2 :
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks][3 markah]
Forexaminer’s
use
1 (a) (i)
1 (a) (ii)
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(b) Complete Table 1.2 based on this experiment.Lengkapkan Jadual 1.2 berdasarkan eksperimen ini.
VariablePemboleh ubah
Method to handle the variableCara mengendali pemboleh ubah
(c) State the hypothesis for this experiment.Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks][3 markah]
Forexaminer’s
use
1 (b)
1 (c)
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(d) Record the time taken for the boy’s heart to make 30 heart beats in the threeoccasions in Table 1.1.Catatkan masa untuk 30 degupan jantung pelajar tersebut dalam ketiga-tigakeadaan dalam jadual 1.1
[3 marks][3 markah]
(e) Based on Table 1.1, construct a table and record the results of the experiment whichinclude the following aspects:Berdasarkan jadual 1.1, bina satu jadual dan catatkan keputusan kajian tersebut yangmerangkumi aspek berikut
- The numbers of time of running up and down the stair caseBilangan kekerpan menaikki dna menuruni anak tanggga
- The time taken for the boy’s heart to make 30 beatsMasa untuk 30 degupan jantung pelajar tersebut
- The rate of the boy’s heart beat (times/minute)Kadar degupan jantung pelajar tersebut ( masa / minit)
[3 marks][3 markah]
(f) From the table in (e) (i) above, draw the graph of the rate of the boy’s heartbeats against the number of times of running up and down the stair case.Daripada jadual dalam (e)(i), lakarkan graf kadar degupan jantung pelajar melawanbilangan dia menaiki dan menuruni anak tangga
[3 marks][3 markah]
For examiner’suse
1 (e)
1 (d)
1 (f)
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(g) Based on the graph you have drawn in (f) above, explain the relationship between thenumber of times of running up and down the stair case, the time taken for the boy’sheart to beat 30 times and the rate of the boy’s heart beat.Berdasarkan graf yang dilakarkan di (f), terangkan hubungan antara bilangan pelajarmenaiki dan menuruni tangga, masa untuk 30 degupan jantungnya dan kadar degupanjantungnya
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks][3 markah]
(h) Predict the rate of the boy’s heart beat if he runs up and down the same staircase 5 times.Explain your prediction.Ramalkan kadar degupan jantung pelajar tersebut jika dia berlari menerusi anaktangga yang sama keatas dan kebawah sebanyak 5 kali.Terangkan ramalan anda.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks][3 markah]
(i) Based on this experiment, deduce the meaning of the rate of the heart beat.Berdasarkan kajian ini, rumuskan maksud kadar degupan jantung.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks][3 markah]
Forexaminer’s
use
1 (h)
1 (g)
1 (f)
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(j) The student also carried out an experiment to investigate the amount of carbon dioxideproduced after doing the exercise. The following list is part of the apparatus andmaterials used in this experiment.Pelajar tersebut juga menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji jumlah karbon dioksidayang dihasilkan selepas melakukan senaman.
Complete the table 1.3 below by classifying the apparatus and materials used in thisexperiment.Lengkapkan jadual 1.3 dengan mengklasifikasikan alat radas dan bahan yangdigunakan pembolehubah dan bahan serta radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimenini.
2. Variation are differences in trait between individual of the same species. Variation causes anindividual able to adapt to the surrounding for survival of the species. Example of variation are typesof fingerprints, attachment of ear lobes, height, ability to role the tongue and blood group.Variasi ialah perbezaaan trait di antara individu dari spesies yang sama. Variasi menyebabkanseorang individu berkebolehan untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan persekitaran untuk kemandirianspesies. Contoh variasi ialah jenis cap jari, lekatan cuping telinga, ketinggian, kebolehan menggulunglidah dan kumpulan darah.
A group of form 5 Perkasa students carried out an experiment to investigate the variation amongthemselves. The traits on height and attachment of ear lobes were observed.Sekumpulan pelajar dari 5 Perkasa menjalankan eksperimen untuk menyiasat variasi dikalanganmereka. Trait untuk ketinggian dan lekapan cuping telinga diperhatikan.
Height
Plan a laboratory experiment to determine the types of variation to the number of students. Yourplanning of the experiment must include the following aspects:Rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk menentukan jenis variasi terhadap bilangan pelajar.
Problem statementPernyataan masalah
Objective of investigationObjektif kajian
HypothesisHipotesis
VariablesPemboleh ubah
List of apparatus and materialsSenarai radas dan bahan
Technique usedTeknik yang digunakan
Experimental procedure or methodKaedah atau prosedur eksperimen
Presentation of dataCara data dipersembahkan
ConclusionKesimpulan
17 marks[ 17 markah ]
END OF THE QUESTION PAPER
PPD MELAKA TENGAHLONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
JAWAPAN - BIOLOGY PAPER 1
1. A 11. C 21. C 31. C 41. C
2. B 12. C 22. C 32. D 42. A
3. A 13. A 23. C 33. D 43. A
4. A 14. D 24. C 34. C 44. B
5. B 15. D 25. D 35. C 45. B
6. D 16. C 26. B 36. C 46. C
7. C 17. B 27. C 37. C 47. D
8. B 18. D 28. D 38. C 48. B
9. A 19. A 29. B 39. B 49. B
10. A 20. C 30. C 40. D 50. D
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
1
SULIT 4551/2
4551/2BiologyPaper 2October 20091 ½ jam
PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH_______________________________________________________
PROGRAM LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
BIOLOGY
Paper 2
PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN
UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA
PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN INI MENGANDUNGI 15 HALAMAN BERCETAK
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
2
MARKING SCHEME - BIOLOGY PAPER 2
QUESTION 1
No Criteria Marks
(a) Able to name tissue K and tissue L.Answer: K: Upper epidermis (cells / tissue) L: Palisade mesophyll (cells / tissue)
11 2
(b) Able to state the function of cells K and M in a leaf.Sample answer: K: Protect the inner tissues. // Allows light to penetrate. M: Controls the size of stoma / transpiration / gaseous exchange
// Allows gaseous exchange through the stoma.
11
2
(c) (i) Able to explain the differentiation of cells J to form the xylem tissue.Sample answer: Cells J join end to end, / the wall of cells J at the joints dissolved, to form a hollow tube / continuous tube (from root to leaves). The wall of xylem vessel is thickened by lignin. (Any 2)
111 2
(ii) Able to explain the effect on the function of the leaf when the plantunable to synthesise lignin during the formation of the xylem tissue.Sample answer: Xylem cannot be strengthened / cannot uphold leaf. Less sunlight received / absorbed. Slow down the rate of photosynthesis / less glucose produced
Or (Any 2)
Xylem vessels collapsed. Less water supplied to leaves. Slow down the rate of photosynthesis / less glucose produced
(Any 2)
111
111 2
(d) Able to state the meaning of cell specialisation.Sample answer: Cells grow, change shape / differentiate. To carry out / perform specific function.
11 2
(e) Able to explain the adaptation of palisade mesophyll tissue to enablethe leaf to carry out its function.Sample answer: Upright and closely packed. Contains large number of chloroplast. All cells receive maximum amount of sunlight.
// Absorb maximum amount of sunlight // energy.
111
2
TOTAL 12
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
3
QUESTION 2No Criteria Marks(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)(i)
(e)(ii)
Able to name the phase U.Sample answer:U : Interphase
Able to describe the processes at sub phases X, Y and Z duringphase U
Sample answer :
X : Cell synthesises protein / new orgenelles formedY : DNA is synthesized / is replicated / 2 sister chromatidsformedZ : Cell accumulates energy / synthesise energy / prepare forcell division
Able to draw a daughter cell based on the following criteria: No. of chromosomes are haploid / 3 chromosomes Types of chromosomes/ non homologous New genetic combination
Able to explain how radiotherapy can treat cancer.Sample answer :
F : Radiotherapy uses radiation / high energy raysE1 : destroy the nucleus of cancerous cellsE2 : cancerous cells die / cannot divide mitoticallyE3 : cell cycle stops
Able to name the method and explain the advantages of themethod in increasing crop yield.
Sample answer :T : Tissue culture / CloningE1 : Large numbers of clones can be producedE2 : Within a short period of time / any timeE3 : Clones inherited good characteristics/ resistance to diseases/ fast growth rate / large fruit / good genetic traits
Able to state one problem :Clones can be destroyed completely if they do not have theresistance to new diseases / pest.//No variation
1
11
1
111
Any 2
1111
Any1E = 1
1111
T=1mAny2E
Marks
Any 1
1
3
2
2
3
1
TOTAL 12
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
4
QUESTION 3
No Criteria Marks
3 a
b(i)
(ii)
c(i)
(ii)
d
Able to name P,Q and RSuggested answerP: leguminous plant / example of a leguminous plantQ: nitratesR: denitrifying bacteria
Able to state the name of the microorganismSuggested answerRhizobium sp /nitrogen fixing bacteria
Able to name the natural phenomenon that can convert atmosphericnitrogen to substance QSuggested answerLightning
Able to suggest the type of the microorganism that is involved inprocess Y.Suggested answersaprophytic bacteria / fungi // putrefying bacteria / fungi
Able to explain the role of the microorganism in the nitrogen cycleSuggested answer
1. Saprophytic bacteria / fungi decompose protein in the deadplants and animals / excretory products of animals
2. to ammonium/ simpler nitrogenous compounds/ ammonia whichis eventually converted to nitrates.
3. This increases the nitrate / nitrogen content of the soil.
Able to explain how a deficiency of Q in the soil affects plant growth.Suggested answer1 Root hairs absorb less Q/nitrates/nitrogen// less Q/nitrates/nitrogen is available to be absorbed by plants.
2. Less chlorophyll / protein is synthesized.3 Rate of photosynthesis decreases.4 Plant growth is slow / retarded.
Any 3
111
1
1
1
1
1
1
1111
3
1
1
1
3
3
TOTAL 12
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
5
QUESTION 4No Criteria Marks(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)(i)
(ii)
Able to state the substances injected into the blood of individualP and individual Q.Sample answer:P : Dead or weakened bacteria / viruses / antigens// vaccineQ : Serum containing antibodies // antiserum
Able to explain the type of immunity obtained by individual P andindividual Q.Sample answer :P : Artificial active immunity
The body produces its own antibodies to fight againstinfections by pathogens.
Q : Artificial passive immunityThe body receives antibodies produced from outside sourcesto fight against infections by pathogens.
Able to describe how could save that boy.Sample answer :F1: Snake venom / toxin acts as antigen to our bodyF2: Injection of serum which contains instant antibodies /antiserum / anti-toxin must be given to the patient.F3: Antibody-antigen action occured very fastF4: Antitoxin/ antibody reacts with toxin / snake venom/ antigenand neutralize it / he is saved.
Able to state the types of pathogen which cause the diseasesAnswer:Virus / bacteria
Able to explain why there is a need for second and third dosesfor the immunisationSample answer :
F1: Immunisation is given to prevent infection from pathogensthat caused diseases like Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, Polio,diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus. German measles ( state atleast 2 example )F2: New born are injected with vaccines to get Artificially ActiveImmunityF3: First dose are given to induce baby lymphocytes to produceantibodies which are specific against the antigens / bacteria /virusF4: 2nd and 3rd dose are booster dose to increase the productionof antibodies at a faster rate.F5: Achieved immunity level // antibodies remained in the bloodfor a long time and provide permanent immunity / protect themfrom the next infection.
Any 3
11
1
1
11
11
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
4
3
TOTAL 12
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
6
QUESTION 5
No Criteria Marks
(a) (i)
( ii)
(iii)
(b) (i)
(ii)
(c)
(d)
Able to name the type of fingerprints of students X and YAnswer:X - Loop ; Y- Composite
Able to state one factor that causes variation in the fingerprintsof students X and Y.Answer:Genetic factor
Able to state how the factor in (a) (ii) causes variationAnswer:Genetic recombination during crossing overresults in the formation of different
Able to state the type of variationAnswer:Continuos variation
Able to state two traits, other than fingerprint, which show thesame type of variation as in (b)(i)Answer:
The ability to roll tongueTypes of hair
Able to explain the differences between the type of variationshown by fingerprints and height.Sample answer:
Height Types of fingerprint
- Shows normal distribution Shows discrete distribution
- Affected by environmental Not affected byFactors environmental factor
Able to explain how variation can ensure the survival of a species
Sample answer:
- Can differentiate from one individual to another / no one is thesame
- Able to adapt to a new environment- Able to camourflage to run away from any predators
2
1
1
1
11
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
3
TOTAL 12
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
7
SECTION B
QUESTION 6
No Criteria Marks
(a) (i) Able to explain the exchange of gases between tracheole and bodycell.Sample answer: Partial pressure/concentration of oxygen in the tracheole is higher
than partial pressure/concentration of oxygen in body cell . Oxygen diffuse from tracheole to body cell Partial pressure/concentration of carbon dioxide in the body cell is
higher than partial pressure/concentration of carbon dioxide intracheole . Carbon dioxide diffuse from tracheole to body cell
1
1
1
1 4
(ii) Able to explain how the absent of chitin affect the process ofinhalation and energy production of the insect.
Sample answer: The function of chitin is to prevent trachea from collapsing/sustain
the air pressure During inhalation high pressure air moves into the trachea. The absent of chitin will cause the trachea / P to collapse / burst /
rupture. Air with oxygen cannot reach tracheal. Body cell cannot get enough oxygen for cellular respiration The insect does not produce enough energy and respire
anaerobically. Less energy produced. (Any 6)
1
11
111
16
b (i) Able to compare and explain the respiration before and duringvigorous exercise.Sample answer:
Before (A) During (B) Explanation (E)1.
AerobicRespiration
AnaerobicRespiration
Before - oxygen intake islow/the same as oxygenrequired/enough oxygenis supplied to the cell
During – oxygen requiredis more than oxygenintake
2.
Themuscles arein normalcondition
The musclesare in the stateof oxygen debt
Before – oxygen issufficient
During – oxygen isinsufficient / oxygensupplied is less thanoxygen supplied.
3.
Energyproduced is
Energyproduced is
Before – complete breakdown of glucose (produce
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
8
more/38ATP
less / 2 ATP more energy) During – incomplete break
down of glucose (produceless energy)
4.
No/lessaccumulation of lacticacid in themuscles
Highaccumulationof lactic acid inthe muscles
Before – complete breakdown of glucose producecarbon dioxide and water
During – Incompletebreakdown of glucoseproduce lactic acid
A + B = 1m
E=1m (Any one E)
8
(b) (ii) Able to explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to thenormal level at the 25th minute.Sample answer: Lactic acid has been removed from the muscles The lactic acid has been converted to energy/ convert to glucose
1
1 2
TOTAL 20
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
9
QUESTION 7
No. Criteria Mark Remark7(a) Able to explain the relationship between development of
the follicle , changing of the respective hormonal level inthe blood and the thickening of the uterineendometrium.
Suggested answer:
Day 0 – 7Follicle– very small– start to develop when receive FSH from pituitary– the wall of follicle will produce estrogenFSH- pituitary start to release FSH, FSH will goto the ovary
- FSH stimulate development of follicle
Endometrium- stimulate by estrogen; undergo thickening / repairing
Day 8 – 14Follicle
- become larger, develop to form follicle GraafFSH / LH/ Estrogen/progesterone
- FSH decrease, LH at maximum level , estrogen atmaximum level
- LH stimulate ovulation / completion of meiosis I,estrogen stimulate the thickening of endometrium
- Progesterone level very low
Endometrium- endometrium become very thick (ready to
implantation (of embryo))-
Day 15 - 21Follicle
- Follicle undergoes ovulation/ released oocyte II- The remaining follicle tissue / corpus luteum
secreted small amount of estrogen but largeamount of progesterone
FSH/ LH/ Estrogen/ Progesterone- Progesterone stimulated the thickening of
endometrium , halted the secretion of FSH/LH- Development of new follicle and ovulation stop.
Endometrium- more thicker and highly vascular- ready for implantation of embryo
- if no fertilisation, corpus luteum becomedisintegrate
FSH/ LH/ Estrogen / Progesterone- FSH, LH and estrogen at minimum level;
progesterone level also drop
Endometrium- endometrium become breakdown & disintegrate- blood and tissue are shed / lining of uterus
discharge through vagina as menstrual flow.
1
1
1
1 Max – 10
7(b) Able to compare the growth process in human andinsect.Suggested answers:
Similarities- height of man / length of instar increases by time- both show horizontal line / constant growth during
adult
Difference- Form of graph – Sigmoid form for human and like
series of steps in insect- Age of organism – the height measured yearly,
but in insect used day for measuring the length- Caused of different – human have endoskeleton
but insect have exoskeleton- Stages involve – in human, the curve has three
different phases, but there are five steps in insect// nymphal stages
- Vertical and horizontal line : curve for human didnot shows different line (only the curve fromcontinuous points), but there are five differenthorizontal and vertical lines each
- Zero growth – no point to show zero growth inhuman, but there are 5 time of zero growth (athorizontal line)
- Sudden growth : no sudden growth for human,but there are sudden growth in insect (at verticalline)
- Ecdysis : no ecdysis in human but ecdysisoccurred in insect
- Mitosis : the cells in human undergo mitosis allthe time, but in insect, mitosis only occurred atcertain time (during ecdysis)
- Absorption of air : in human, there are noabsorption of air, but in insect, during ecdysis
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max – 10marks
*2 marksfor
similarities,8 marks fordifferences
TOTAL 20
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
QUESTION 8
No Criteria Marks8(a) Able to explain why there is a variation of blood groups in the
offspring1. The ABO blood group in humans is controlled by three alleles
IA, , IB and Io.
2 Alleles IA and IB are codominant but allele Io is recessive.3 Ahmad is heterozygous for blood group A // Genotype of
Ahmad is IA, IO,
4 Amalina is heterozygous for blood group B // Genotype ofAmalina is IB, IO
5 Ahmad produces two types of sperms, one containing allele IA
and the other containing allele IO .6 Amalina produces ovum containing allele IO or allele IB
7 When the sperm containing allele IO fertilizes with the ovumcontaining allele IO the offspring produced will have thegenotype IO IO
8 and the phenotype is blood group O.9 Three of the children who have the blood group O are
produced this way and they have the genotype IOIO
10 When the sperm containing the IA allele fertilizes with theovum containing allele IB then the offspring produced willhave the genotype IA IB
11 and the phenotype is blood group AB.12 One of the children who have the blood group AB is produced
this way and has the genotype IA, IB.
Any 10 pointsGenetic diagram:
Parents Ahmad x AmalinaGenotype IA IO IB IO √PT 3,4
PT 5., 6Gametes√
Fertilisation
OffspringGenotypePT7.10Phenotype√ Pt 8, 11(If answer us
1
11
1
1
11
11
1
1
1 10
No
I
IAIB
blood gro
ing schem
A
11
IOIO
up AB blood group B
atic diagram - only maximum 7 mark
Criteria
IO IBI
√
s)
Marks
O
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
12
8b Able to explain the effect of genetic engineering on man and theenvironmentSuggested answerGood effectsAgricultureF1 Genetic engineering used to produce disease resistant/ pest resistantplants
e.g legumes, peas and beansP : Less pesticides are used
- less pollution to the environment- better health for consumers.
P : increase yield of crops- better livelihood for farmers.- help to solve problems of insufficient food.
F2 : create crops with better nutrition value e.g tomatoes with highervitamin A content
- help to solve problems of malnutrition.F3: create crops with longer shelf lives e.g tomato
- less food wastageF4 : genetically modified livestock e. g cows
- produce meat with less fat / more milk.
MedicineF5 : genetically modified bacteria produce insulinP ; for treatment of diabetis mellitusF6: Genetically modified yeast to produce vaccine for hepatitisP: for prevention of diseases.F7: Gene therapy for treatment of genetic disorders/ diseases e.gmuscular dystrophy, rheumatoid arthritis, sickle cell anaemiaP: Defective gene removed and normal gene inserted.
Any 2F and P for agriculture,any 1F and P for medicine Max : 6m
Bad effectF1 Pest resistant genes may be transferred to weedsP: may be difficult to control growth of weeds.F2: Some transgenic crops may have animal genesP : this may not be acceptable to certain groups for religious reasons.F3: Genetically modified foods may be harmful to healthP: may activate human genes to cause cancer.F4: Transgenic organisms may affect the survival of other organisms
in the ecosystem.P: may cause the imbalance of nature / ecosystemF5: Gene therapy used for the treatment of genetic disorder has itslimitations.P : may not be acceptable because of religious and moral values.
: very costlyAny 2F and P
Max 4m
6
410
TOTAL 20QUESTION 9
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
13
No Criteria Marks
9 (a)(i)
(ii)
Able to discuss the importance of Biodiversity
Suggested answer:
F- it provides humans with necessities of lifeP- is a resource for food/timber to build shelter/as a fuel/fibresfor clothing.F- many plant species are original sources of pharmaceuticaldrugs/medicines.P- new commodities, for example, new crop plants or medicinalmaterials could be developed using the gene pool from wildspecies in the forests.F- allow for biological control to maintain stable populationP- regulate climatic conditions, biogeochemical cycles, preventfloodingF- Natural ecosystems and species in the wild are beautifulP- there is much pleasure to be derived from unspoilt naturalenvironmentF- ecotourismP- could provide income for some countries
Any 4 points
Able to discuss the Importance of mangrove swamps.Sample answer:
- F: resource for timber used in building industry- P : has many varieties of species of mangrove trees- F: Mangroves protect the coastlines and prevent- coastal erosion.- P: The roots of mangrove trees act as wave- breakers which stabilise the coastlines.- F:: Mangrove swamps are good breeding grounds- for fish and crustaceans/ prawns, crabs etc.- Important for fishermen- P: The calm water and prop roots shelter the- spawns from predators- F: Serve as habitat for many species of birds,- amphibians and reptiles.- P: The habitat provides food, shelter, living space,- nesting and breeding sites for these animals.- F: Serve as natural barriers against torrential- storms and tsunamis- P: The trees block the water from flooding the
land during a storm.Any 6 ponts
Max 4
Max 6
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
14
(b)(i)
(ii)
Able to discuss the uses of microorganisms in ;
Waste treatment- rich in organic matters, bacteria and microorganisms- (in oxidation pond)the sewage is decomposed
by(millions) of aerobic bacteria(in the presence ofoxygen)
- Decomposed sewage/sludge settled to the bottom of thepond
- fermentation takes place at sedimentation tanks
- using anaerobic bacteria- produce methane/carbon dioxide/minerals- digested sludge use as fertilizers
Any 5 points
Food processing- F: Use of yeast in making of bread and cake- P: Fermentation by yeast produces carbon dioxide- which makes dough rise.- F: Beer brewed from barley/ wine from grape juice- P: Yeast fermentation of the sugar in barley/ grape- produces ethanol- F: Yoghurt is made from fermentation of milk by- bacteria / Lactobacillus sp. / Streptooccus- thermophillus- P: Bacteria converts sugar into lactic acid which- coagulates the milk to / form yoghurt- F: Cheese made by adding bacteria and rennin to- milk.- P: Milk separates into curd and whey/ coagulates- F: Soya sauce made from fermentation of soya- bean by fungi- P: Yeast fermentation breaks down soya bean and- gives it flavour
Any 5 points
1
1
1
1
111
Max 5
Max 5
TOTAL 20
4551/3PPD Melaka Tengah 2009 SULIT
SULIT 4551/3
4551/3BiologyPaper 3October 20091 ½ jam
PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH_______________________________________________________
PROGRAM LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
BIOLOGY
Paper 3
PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN
UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA
PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN INI MENGANDUNGI 10 HALAMAN BERCETAK
MARK SCHEME 4551/32
1(a)(i)Score Explanation
3
Able to state any two observations based on the following criteria:C1 : Numbers of times the boy running up and down the stair case.C2 : The time taken for making 30 heart beats.C3 : Reading for C1 and C2
1: The time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times is 15 seconds when heruns up and down the stair case two times.
2: The time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times is 10 seconds when heruns up and down the stair case four times.
2 Able to state any one correct observation or two inaccurate response.1 Able to state one correct observation or two inaccurate response or idea.0 No response or wrong response
1 (a)(ii)Score Explanation
3
Able to state two reasonable inferences for the correspond to the observation.
1: The heart beats is slow because the boy’s body needs a smaller amount ofoxygen supply to run a shorter distance.2: The heart beats is fast because the boy’s body needs a larger amount ofoxygen supply when he runs a longer distance.
2 Able to state one correct inference and one inaccurate inference.1 Able to state one correct inference or two inaccurate inference or idea.0 No response or wrong response
1(b)Score Explanation
Able to state the variable and the method to handle variable correctly (√) for eachvariable and method
Variable Method to handle the variable
Manipulated variable
The distance run by the boy //the number of times he runs upand down the stair case
By running up and down the stair casefor different number of times // 2 times,three times and four times.
Responding variable
The time taken for the boy’sheart to beat 30 times after therunning.
By taking down the time taken for theboy’s heart to beat 30 times after eachrunning and record them in a table.
Fixed variable
The boy, the height of the staircase, the number of heart beats(30)
By using the same boy throughout theentire experiment // use the same staircase for all the experiment // bycounting the same number of heartbeat for all the experiment.
3 Able to get all 6 (√)2 Able to get 4 – 5 (√)1 Able to get 2 – 3 (√)
MARK SCHEME 4551/33
0 No response or wrong response
1 (c)Score Explanation
3 Able to state the hypothesis correctly based on the following criteria:P1 (manipulated)P2 (responding)R - State the relationship between P1 and P2.
The more the number of times the boy runs up and down the stair case, theshorter the time his heart takes to beat 30 times after the running.
2 Able to state the hypothesis but less accurate.
1. Time taken for making 30 heart beat depends on the numbers of times the boyrunning up and down the stair case.
1 Able to state the idea of the hypothesis.0 No response or wrong response
1(d)Score Explanation
3 Able to record all the readings the time taken for the boy’s heart to make 30 heartbeats in the three correctly.
2 times = 15 s3 times = 12 s4 times = 10 s
2 Able to record any 2 readings correctly.1 Able to record any 1 readings correctly.0 No response or wrong response.
1(e)Score Explanation
3
Able to construct a table and record the result of the experiment which the followingcriteria:
C – state all the numbers of time of running up and down the stair case . (√)D – Transfer all data correctly. (Time taken) (√)T – calculate all the rate of the boy’s heart beat (with unit) (√)
The number of timesof running up and
down the stair case
The time taken for theboy’s heart to make 30
beats (s)
The rate of the boy’sheart beat
(times/minutes)2 15 1203 12 1504 10 180
2 Able to construct a table and record any two criteria1 Able to construct a table and record any one criteria0 No response or wrong response
1 (f)Score Explanation
Able to draw the graph for the rate of the boy’s heart beats against the number oftimes of running up and down the stair case.P1 – Both axes are labeled with unit and uniform scale.P2 – All points are correctly plottedP3 – Smooth curve (didn’t touch X-axis or/and Y-axis)
MARK SCHEME 4551/34
3 Able to get all criteria correct2 Able to get any two criteria correct1 Able to get any one criteria correct0 No response or wrong response
1(g)Score Explanation
3Able to explain the relationship between the number of times of running up anddown the stair case, the time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times and therate of the boy’s heart beat correctly.
The more the number of times the boy runs up and down the stair case, theshorter the time taken for his heart to make 30 beats or to beat 30 times, so thehigher the rate of the boy’s heart beat.
2 Able to explain briefly the relationship between the number of times of running upand down the stair case, the time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times and therate of the boy’s heart beat.
1 Able to explain the idea of relationship between the number of times of running upand down the stair case, the time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times and therate of the boy’s heart beat.
0 No response or wrong response
1(h)Score Explanation
3 Able to predict and explain the outcome of the experiment correctly with thefollowing aspect.
Prediction:P1 – Able to predict the rate of the boy’s heart beat if he runs up and down thesame staircase 5 times.
Explanation:P2 – Able to state the changes in number of times the boy runs up and down the
stair case,P3 – Able to state the changes in the time taken for his heart to make 30 beats or
to beat 30 times,
Sample answer:The rate of the boy’s heart beat would be higher than 180 times per minutebecause the more the number of times the boy runs up and down the stair case,the shorter the time taken for his heart to make 30 beats or to beat 30 times.
2 Able to predict based on any two criteria.1 Able to predict based on any one criteria.0 No response or wrong response
1(i)Score Explanation
3 Able to state the definition of the rate of the heartbeat operationally, completeand correct, based on the following criteria.
2 Able to classify all the apparatus correctly but one material wrong// all materialscorrectly but one apparatus wrong.5-6 apparatus correct with 2 materials4-5 apparatus correct with 1 materials
1 Able to classify 3-4 apparatus correctly with 1 materials.0 No response or wrong response
MARK SCHEME 4551/36
Question 2:
KB061201 – ( Problem statement)
KB061202 ( KB061203 – Making Hypothesis )
Question Score Explanation Remarks2 3 Able to write a complete hypothesis relating the manipulated variable
and responding variable correctly based on:C1 = Manipulated variable = types of variation / types of attachment
of ear lobes and heightC2 = Responding variable = number of students / boys and girlsH = Relationship.
Sample answer :1. Different number of students show different types of
ear lobes attachment and height / types of variation // inversely .2. Each student in thé group / class belongs to one type
of ear lobes attachment and (specific range) of height .
Question Score Explanation Remarks2 3 Able to state the problem statement correctly :
C1 : Types of variation // height and attachment of ear lobesC2 : Number of students // number of boys / girlsH : Question form
Sample answer:1. Do all the students have the same attachment of ear lobes and
height / types of variation?2. Do different attachment of ear lobes and height affect the
number of students?3. Do the boys and girls have the same attachment of ear lobes
and height?4. How many students have the same attachment of ear lobes and
height?5. What is the number of student in the group having the same
attachment of ear lobes and height?
2 Able to state the problem statement of identified problem butincorrect.
Sample Answer:1. Height and attachment of ear lobes affect the number ofstudents ?
1 Able to state an idea onlySample Answer:Attachment of ear lobes/ height affect the number of students?
Tick
0 No response or wrong response
MARK SCHEME 4551/37
3. Height is a continuous variation and attachment of ear lobes /is a discontinuous variation.
2 Able to write an incomplete hypothesis statement
Sample answer:1. Students have different types of attachment of ear lobes and height.
1Able to give an idea of the above hypothesis.Sample answer:1. Attachment of ear lobes and height varies among the students .
Tick
0 No response or wrong response
KB061203 - Planning ( Planning for investigation)
Question Score Explanation Remarks2 3 Able to state 7-9 aspects of experimental planning which
includes the following: Problem statement – idea level
Aim of investigation / Objective – Relation between C1and C2
Sample answer
To investigate the types of variation among students in 5 Jauhari.//To study the number of students with different height and types earlobes attachment
Statement of hypothesis – idea level
Variables –Able to state the three variables correctly.
- Types of variation // height and types of ear lobes attachment
- Number of students / boys or girls
-Same class// same age// same gender // ten students .
List of materials and apparatus
Technique –Sample answer:Record / count the number of students / boys and girls with differenttypes of variation using meter rule.// Record the height using the meter rule / count the number ofstudents having different types of ear lobes attachment
MARK SCHEME 4551/38
Bonus 1 = 1 mark
Procedure / Method of investigation – must have all criteriaK1, K2, K3, K4, K5
Data presentation // presentation of result –- title and correct unit
Sample Answer :
Student’sname
Types of ear lobesattachment
Height(m)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
Bonus 2 = 1 mark
Conclusion (CS) – Must write the correct hypothesis again.Reject conclusion., if only write hypothesis accepted.
Sample answer :Different students show different types of attachment of ear lobes/different height. Hypothesis is accepted.// Each student in thé group / class belongs to one type of ear lobesattachment and (specific range of ) height .// Height is a continuous variation and types of ear lobes attachment/ isa discontinuous variation.
2 Able to state 4 – 6 aspect of planning investigation
1 Able to state 1 - 3 aspect of planning investigation Tick
0 No response or wrong response
MARK SCHEME 4551/39
Question Score Explanation Remarks2 3 Able to list down the complete and correct procedures/steps used
based on the following five criterias K1, K2, K3, K4 and K5 :
1. Ten names of student in thé same group were written down ina table (include my name) K1 / K4
2. My height is measured by using a metre rule and recorded in atable. K1
3. Thé experiment is repeated by investigating thé types of earlobes attachment K2
4. Observed the types of ear lobes attachment of the studentsK1
5. All the observations are recorded. K36. Steps 2 until 5 were repeated to other students in thé same
group. K27. Thé measurement of height and types of ear lobes attachment
are repeated twice to get thé average.K5
8. Two graphs on thé number of students against thé types ofvariation were plotted. K1
To get K1,they mustbe 3exampleof K1
To get K2,K3,K4and K5they mustbe at least1 example
2 3-4 criteria / 3-4 K’s1 1- 2 criteria / 1-2 K’s 1K a tick0 1 criteria or no response
Question Score Explanation Remarks2 3 Able to state all the materials and apparatus correctly:
Sample Answer:1) Student2) Graph paper3) Marker/pen4) Meter rule / tape
3A + 1M
2 Able to state three of the materials and 3 apparatus 2A +1M1 Able to state two of the materials and 2 apparatus 1A + 1M0 No response or wrong response
MARK SCHEME 4551/310
03 Report writing3 Score 3 = 7-9 √
2 Score 2 = 4-6 √1 Score 1 = 1-3 √0 No response or wrong response.