Billofrightslecture 4 111003222031 Phpapp01

8/11/2019 Billofrightslecture 4 111003222031 Phpapp01

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/billofrightslecture-4-111003222031-phpapp01 1/41

Bill of Rights(1987 Philippine Constitution)

Lecture of Mr. John Torres – Philippine Government and Constitution

Social Science-I



Article-III, Section-6(The Liberty of Abode & the Right to Travel)

“ The liberty of abode and ofchanging the same within the

limits prescribed by law shall not

be impaired except upon lawfulorder of the court. The right to

travel shall not impaired except in

the interest of national security , public safety , or public health, as

may be provided by law ” Lecture of Mr. John Torres – Philippine Government and Constitution

Social Science-I



Article-III, Section-6

“Hindi dapat bawalan ang kalayaan sa

paninirahan at ang pagbabago ng tirahan

sa saklaw ng mga katakdaang itinatadhana

ng batas maliban sa legal na utos nghukuman. Ni hindi dapat bawalan ang

karapatan sa paglalakbay maliban kun para

sa kapakanan ng kapanatagan ng bansa,

kaligtasang pambayan, o kalusugang

pambayan ayon sa maaaring itadhana ng

batas.”

Lecture of Mr. John Torres – Philippine Government and ConstitutionSocial Science-I

Fil ip ino Trans lat ion:




“Hindi dapat bawalan ang kalayaan sa

paninirahan at ang pagbabago ng tirahan

sa saklaw ng mga katakdaang itinatadhana

ng batas maliban sa legal na utos nghukuman. Ni hindi dapat bawalan ang

karapatan sa paglalakbay maliban kun para

sa kapakanan ng kapanatagan ng bansa,

kaligtasang pambayan, o kalusugang

pambayan ayon sa maaaring itadhana ng

batas.”





Article-III, Section-7(Right to Information)


“The right of the people to information on

matters of public concern shall be

recognized. Access to official records,

and to documents, and papers pertainingto official acts, transactions, or decisions,

as well as to government research data

used as basis for policy development

shall be afforded to the citizens, subjectto such limitations as may be provided by

law.”






“Dapat kilalanin ang karapatan ng taong-bayan na

mapagbatiran hinggil sa mga bagay-bagay na may

kinalaman sa tanan. Ang kaalaman sa mga opisyal

na rekord, at sa mga dokumento at papeles tungkolsa mga opisyal na gawain, transaksyon, o pasya,

gayon din sa mga datos sa pananaliksik ng

pamahalaan na pinagbabatayan ng patakaran sa

pagpapaunlad ay dapat ibigay sa mamamayan sailalim ng mga katakdaang maaaring itadhana ng

batas” .




“Freedom of the Press and freedom of access to

information bearing on governmental decision are

fundamental elements of Popu lar Sovereign ty ” .

People have access to public records such as

records of a case in court subject to reasonable

rules and regulations, except when it is very clearthat the purpose of examination of public record is

unlawful, sheer or idle curiosity. It is not the duty of

the custodians of the records to concern

themselves with the motives, reasons, and objectsof the person seeking access to such documents or

information.



Article-III, Section-8(The Right to Form Union)


“The right of the people, including those

employed in the public and private

sectors, to form unions, associations, orsocieties for purposes not contrary to law

shall not be abridged.”






“Hindi dapat hadlangan ang karapatan ng mga

taong-bayan kabilang ang mga naglilingkod sa

publiko at pribadong sektor na magtatag ng mgaasosasyon, mga unyon, o mga kapisanan sa mga

layuning hindi lalabag sa batas.”





“Unionism is a necessity to place employees

or labor sectors to the bargaining levels same

as that of their employers in relation tonegotiations of terms and conditions of

employment. However, while employees in the

public sector may form a union, they are not

entitled to stage strike to press their demandsto improve the terms and conditions of their

employment.”





Reason:

Under the constitution, no money from the

National Treasury shall be spent except inaccordance with appropriation by law.

Improving the economic conditions of

employees in the public sector requires

spending of public money. Change in the termsof government employees can only be realized

through law.”





Quest ion:

If a public and private company has required

every employee to sign an agreement as part

of his employment contract – that he will not join any labor unions, societies or associations,

does this constitutes violation of Art. III, Sec. 8

of the Philippine Constitution?

Answer :

Yes. It is a form of unfair labor practice.





Commentary :

If public employees are prohibited to go on

strike, the essence of forming unions in

government entities show lack of logic. It is also

a clear suppression to their right for redress of

grievances. Thus, it contradicts to Art. III,

Section 4 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution.



Article-III, Section-9(The Right to Just Compensation)


“Private property shall not be taken for

public use without just compensation.”

Filipino Translation:

“Ang mga pribadong ariarian ay hindi

dapat kunin ukol sa gamit pambayannang walang wastong kabayaran.”



Article-III, Section-9(The Right to Just Compensation)


This is in connection with the inherent

rights of the state, specifically, the Right

of Eminent Domain.

Just compensation - the amount to be

paid for the expropriated property shall be

determined by the proper court, based onthe fair market-value at the time of the

taking.



Article-III, Section-10(Non-Impairment Clause)


“No law impairing the obligation of

contracts shall be passed.”


“Hindi dapat magpatibay ng batas na

sisira sa pananagutan ng mga kontrata.”





Discusses the “sanctity” of contracts

and obligations;

Laws affecting contracts cannot be

applied retroactively;

all contracts illegal in nature are non-binding.





Note:

A contract is a meeting of minds between

parties with respect to rendition of service

or performance of obligation to give

something, Government is prohibited

from interfering with agreement of partiessince it is considered as a law between

the contracting parties.



Article-III, Section-11(Free Access to Court)


“Free access to courts and quasi-judicial

bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not

be denied to any person by reason of poverty.”


“Hindi dapat ipagkait sa sinumang tao ang

malayang pagdulog sa mga hukuman at samga kalupunang mala-panghukuman at sa

sapat na tulong pambatas nang dahil sa

karalitaan.”





Note:

If the accused cannot afford to hire a

lawyer to defend his case, the

government shall provide one for him. He

shall be assisted and represented by a

public prosecutor and a counsel from thePublic Attorney’s Office, respectively.





The Integrated Bar of the Philippines

(IBP) is giving free legal assistance to

underprivileged litigants.

A person who, due to poverty, cannot

pay docket fee in civil case may apply in

court to file his case as a pauper litigant .



Article-III, Section-12(Right of Person under Custodial Investigation)


(1) “Any person under investigation for the

commission of an offense shall have the right

to be informed of his right to remain silent and

to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If the person

cannot afford the services of counsel, he must

be provided with one. These rights cannot be

waived except in writing and in the presence ofcounsel.”





(1) “Ang sinumang tao na na ini-imbistigahan

dahil sa paglabag ay dapat magkaroon ng

karapatang mapaliwanagan ng kanyang

karapatang magsawalang-kibo at magkaroonng abogadong may sapat na kakayahan at

kanyang personal na pinili. Kung hindi niya

makakayanan ang paglilingkod ng abogado,

kinakailangang pagkalooban siya ng isa. Hindimaiuurong ang mga karapatang ito maliban

kung nakasulat at sa harap ng abogado.”





(2) “No torture, force, violence, threat,

intimidation, or any other means which vitiate

the free shall be used against him. Secret

detention places, solitary, incommunicado orother similar forms of detention are prohibited.”





(2) “Hindi siya dapat gamitan ng labis na

pagpapahirap, pwersa, dahas, pananakot,

pagbabanta, o anumang paraaan na lalabag sa

kanyang malayang pagpapasya. Ipinagbabawalang mga lihim na kulungan, solitaryo,

ingkomunikado, o iba pang katulad ng anyo ng

detensyon.”





(3) “Any confession or admission obtained in

violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be

inadmissible in evidence against him.”

(3) “Hindi dapat tanggaping ebidensya laban sa

kanya ang anumang pagtatapat o pag-amin na

nakuha nang labag sa seksyong ito o sa

seksyong labing-pito.”





(4) “The law shall provide for penal and civil

sanctions for violations of this section as well

as compensation to and rehabilitation of victims

of torture or similar practices, and theirfamilies.”





(4) “Dapat magtadhana ang batas ng mga

kaparusahang penal at sibil sa mga paglabag

sa seksyong ito at gayundin ng bayad-pinsala

at rehabilitasyon sa mga biktima ng labis namga paghihirap o katulad ng mga nakagawian,

at sa kanilang mga pamilya.”





This section stresses the following:

1. Miranda Rights/Rules;

2. Permissible use of Police Power;3. Admissible confessions; and

4. The right to redress in the event of a

violation of these rights.





Miranda Rights/Rules - provides that before a

person under a custodial investigation is

questioned, he must be informed of the

following:1. The right to remain silent;

2. Anything he says can and will be used

against him in the court; and

3. The right of a counsel and that if hecannot afford one, the government will

provide for him.



Article-III, Section-13(The Right to Bail & Against Excessive Bail)


“All persons, except those charged with

offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua

when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before

conviction, be bailable by sufficient securities,or be released on recognizance as may be

provided by law. The right to bail shall not be

impaired even when the privilege of the writ of

habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bailshall not be required.”






“ Ang lahat ng mga tao, maliban sa mga nahahabla sa

mga paglabag na pinarurusahan ng reclusion

perpetua kapag matibay ang ebidensya ng pagkakasala, bago mahatulan, ay dapat mapiyansahan

ng sapat ng pyador, o maaaring palayain sa bisa ng

panagot ayon sa maaaring itadhana ng batas. Hindi

dapat bawalan ang karapatan sa piyansa kahit na

suspendido ang pribilehiyo ng writ of habeas

corpus. Hindi dapat kailanganin ang malabis na

piyansa.”





Bail – is the security (usually a deposit of

money) required by a court for the temporary

release of a person who is in the custody of the

law provided that his appearance in trials maybe ensured.

Excessive Bail – is prohibited because that is

the same as denying the right to post bail.





Writ of Habeas Corpus – is an order issued by

a court of competent jurisdiction, directed to the

person detaining another, commanding him to

produce the body of the prisoner at adesignated time and place and to show

sufficient cause for holding in custody the

individual so detained.





Non-Bailable Crimes

1. Kidnapping;

2. Murder;

3. Rape;4. Drug-Pushing;

5. Carnapping;

6. Or Crimes Under the Heinous Crime Law,

Plunder Law and Dangerous Drugs Law.



Article-III, Section-14(Rights of the Accused)


(1) “No person shall be held to answer for a

criminal offense without due process of law. In

all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be

presumed innocent until the contrary is proved.”

(1) “Hindi dapat papanagutin sa pagkakasalang

kriminal ang sinumang tao nang hindi

kaparaanan ng batas. Ang mga akusado ayitinuturing na inosente hangga’t hindi

napapatunayan.”



Article-III, Section-14(Rights of the Accused)


( 2) “In all criminal prosecutions, shall enjoy the right to

be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the

nature and cause of the accusation against him, to

have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the

witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the

production of evidence in his behalf. However, after

arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the

absence of the accused provided that he has been duly

notified and his failure to appear is justifiable.”



Article-III, Section-14(Right of the Accused)


Filipino Translation:(2) “Ang nasasakdal ay dapat magtamasa ng

karapatang magmatwid sa pamamagitan ng sarili at ng

abogado, mapaliwanagan ng uri at dahilan ng sakdal

laban sa kanya, magkaroon ng mabilis, walangkinikilingan, at hayagan paglitis, makaharap ang mga

testigo, magkaroon ng sapilitang kaparaanan upang

matiyak ang pagharap ng mga testigo sa paglilitaw ng

ebidensyang para sa kanyang kapakanan. Gayunman,

matapos mabasa ang sakdal, maaring ituloy ang paglilitis kahit wala ang nasasakdal sa pasubaling

marapat na naipaalam sa kanya ang paglilitis sat di-

makatwiran ang kanyang kabiguang humarap.”



Article-III, Section-14(Right of the Accused)


This Section Observes the Following:

1. Right to Due Process of Law in Criminal Cases;

2. Innocent Until Proven Guilty;

3. The Right to Confront One’s Accuser; and4. Basis for Trials in Absentia.



References:


Discourses o n the 1987 Phi l ippine Con st i tut ion by Reynaldo S. Nagui t ;

Pol i t ics, Governance and Government w ith Phi l ippine Const i tut ion,

Secon d Edi t ion by Rom an R. Dannug and Marlo B . Campani l la ;

Revised Penal Code of the Phil ippin es;

Supreme Court Decided Cases;

Phi l ippine Criminal Law Reviewer;

Civi l Code of the Phi l ippines



L t f M J h T Phili i G t d C tit ti

-end-

Billofrightslecture 4 111003222031 Phpapp01

Documents