Bicycle Frame analysis

Task-1

1.1 Create the FE model of the given frame ad discuss the procedure used

Model of the Bicycle frame

FE Model of the Bicycle frame

1.2 Discuss material Model, real constant and element used in analysis

Preferences

1. Go to Main Menu -> Preferences

2. Check the box that says Structural

3. Click OK

1. Element type:

Preprocessor -> Element Type -> Add/Edit/Delete -> Pipe -> Elast Straight16

PIPE 16

PIPE16 is a uniaxial element with tension-compression, torsion, and bending capabilities. The element has six degrees of freedom at two nodes: translations in the nodal x, y, and z directions and rotations about the nodal x, y, and z axes. This element is based on the 3-D beam element and includes simplifications due to its symmetry and standard pipe geometry.

Real Constants

In the Preprocessor menu, select Real Constants > Add/Edit/Delete

Click Add... and select 'Type 1 PIPE16' (actually it is already selected).

Click on 'OK'.

Enter the following geometric properties:

Outside diameter OD: 25

Wall thickness TKWALL: 2

This defines an outside pipe diameter of 25mm and a wall thickness of 2mm.

Click on 'OK'.

Material Properties

o In the 'Preprocessor' menu select Material Props > Material Models...

o Double click Structural > Linear > Elastic and select 'Isotropic' (double click

on it)

o Close the 'Define Material Model Behavior' Window.

We are going to give the properties of Aluminum. Enter the following field:

EX 70000

PRXY 0.35

o Set these properties and click on 'OK'.

Defining Key points

o Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Key points > In Active CS

Key point -1

(0,300,0)

Key Point-2

(0,400,0)

Key Point-3

(500,400,0)

Key Point-4

(400,0,0)

Key Point-5

(750,0,50)

Key point – 6

(750, 0,-50)

Defining lines

o Select: Preprocessor > Modeling> Create > Lines > Lines > Straight Line.

o Connect all lines

1.3 Present meshed FE model and discuss the type of meshing used

Mesh Size

o In the Preprocessor menu select Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Lines >

All Lines

o Enter 10 for Element edge length

Mesh

Now the frame can be meshed.

o In the 'Preprocessor' menu select Meshing > Mesh > Lines and click 'Pick All' in

the 'Mesh Lines' Window

1.4 Explain the Boundary Conditions used for the analysis

Constrains

1. Apply Constraints

o In the Solution menu, select Define Loads > Apply > Structural >

Displacement > On Key points

o Choose Key Points 1, 5 and 6

o Select 'All DOF' by clicking on it and enter '0' in the Value field

o Click 'OK'.

Applying Loads

1. Apply Loads

There is a vertically downward load of 1025N at the top of the bar

o In the Structural menu, select Force/Moment > on Key points

o Choose Key point 3

o Click on the 'Direction of force/mom' at the top and select FY.

o Enter a value of -1025 in the 'Force/moment value' box and click 'OK'

1.5 Present the post processing conditions used for analysis

Solving the System

We now tell ANSYS to find the solution:

o Solution > Solve > Current LS

1. Deformation

Plot Results > Deformed Shape... 'Def + undef edge

2. Deflections

General Postproc > Plot Results > (-Contour Plot-) Nodal Solution select 'DOF solution' 

3. Stress

o General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table ...

o Select 'Add'

o Select 'Stress' and 'von Mises'

o Element Table > Plot Elem Table

Textual Form

***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING ***** LOAD STEP= 1 SUBSTEP= 1 TIME= 1.0000 LOAD CASE= 0 THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN THE GLOBAL COORDINATE SYSTEM NODE UX UY UZ USUM 1 -0.11615E-06-0.11956E-06-0.29314E-21 0.16669E-06 2 -0.10369E-06-0.38071E-09 0.25647E-22 0.10369E-06 3 -0.11584E-06-0.11902E-06-0.34522E-21 0.16609E-06 4 -0.11553E-06-0.11763E-06-0.39195E-21 0.16488E-06 5 -0.11522E-06-0.11545E-06-0.43350E-21 0.16311E-06 6 -0.11491E-06-0.11254E-06-0.47006E-21 0.16084E-06 7 -0.11460E-06-0.10894E-06-0.50181E-21 0.15812E-06 8 -0.11428E-06-0.10473E-06-0.52892E-21 0.15501E-06 9 -0.11397E-06-0.99954E-07-0.55157E-21 0.15159E-06 10 -0.11366E-06-0.94671E-07-0.56995E-21 0.14792E-06 11 -0.11335E-06-0.88939E-07-0.58423E-21 0.14408E-06 12 -0.11304E-06-0.82816E-07-0.59459E-21 0.14013E-06 13 -0.11273E-06-0.76358E-07-0.60122E-21 0.13615E-06 14 -0.11242E-06-0.69623E-07-0.60429E-21 0.13223E-06 15 -0.11210E-06-0.62667E-07-0.60398E-21 0.12843E-06 16 -0.11179E-06-0.55548E-07-0.60047E-21 0.12483E-06 17 -0.11148E-06-0.48323E-07-0.59394E-21 0.12150E-06 18 -0.11117E-06-0.41050E-07-0.58457E-21 0.11851E-06 19 -0.11086E-06-0.33784E-07-0.57254E-21 0.11589E-06 20 -0.11055E-06-0.26584E-07-0.55802E-21 0.11370E-06 21 -0.11023E-06-0.19506E-07-0.54121E-21 0.11195E-06 22 -0.10992E-06-0.12608E-07-0.52227E-21 0.11064E-06 23 -0.10961E-06-0.59470E-08-0.50140E-21 0.10977E-06 24 -0.10930E-06 0.42014E-09-0.47875E-21 0.10930E-06 25 -0.10899E-06 0.64362E-08-0.45453E-21 0.10918E-06 26 -0.10868E-06 0.12044E-07-0.42890E-21 0.10934E-06 27 -0.10837E-06 0.17187E-07-0.40205E-21 0.10972E-06 28 -0.10805E-06 0.21806E-07-0.37415E-21 0.11023E-06 29 -0.10774E-06 0.25847E-07-0.34538E-21 0.11080E-06 30 -0.10743E-06 0.29250E-07-0.31593E-21 0.11134E-06 31 -0.10712E-06 0.31960E-07-0.28598E-21 0.11179E-06 32 -0.10681E-06 0.33918E-07-0.25569E-21 0.11206E-06 33 -0.10650E-06 0.35068E-07-0.22526E-21 0.11212E-06 34 -0.10618E-06 0.35353E-07-0.19486E-21 0.11192E-06 35 -0.10587E-06 0.34715E-07-0.16467E-21 0.11142E-06 36 -0.10556E-06 0.33097E-07-0.13487E-21 0.11063E-06 37 -0.10525E-06 0.30443E-07-0.10565E-21 0.10956E-06 ***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING ***** LOAD STEP= 1 SUBSTEP= 1 TIME= 1.0000 LOAD CASE= 0 THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN THE GLOBAL COORDINATE SYSTEM NODE UX UY UZ USUM 38 -0.10494E-06 0.26695E-07-0.77170E-22 0.10828E-06

39 -0.10463E-06 0.21795E-07-0.49623E-22 0.10687E-06 40 -0.10432E-06 0.15688E-07-0.23185E-22 0.10549E-06 41 -0.10400E-06 0.83148E-08 0.19650E-23 0.10434E-06 42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 43 -0.32522E-08-0.38071E-10-0.59405E-24 0.32525E-08 44 -0.93329E-08-0.76143E-10-0.96485E-24 0.93332E-08 45 -0.17774E-07-0.11421E-09-0.93290E-24 0.17775E-07 46 -0.28109E-07-0.15229E-09-0.31869E-24 0.28109E-07 47 -0.39870E-07-0.19036E-09 0.10573E-23 0.39870E-07 48 -0.52588E-07-0.22843E-09 0.33746E-23 0.52589E-07 49 -0.65797E-07-0.26650E-09 0.68126E-23 0.65798E-07 50 -0.79029E-07-0.30457E-09 0.11551E-22 0.79030E-07 51 -0.91817E-07-0.34264E-09 0.17769E-22 0.91818E-07 52 -0.13516E-07-0.96085E-07-0.75266E-20 0.97031E-07 53 -0.11590E-06-0.11898E-06-0.40846E-21 0.16609E-06 54 -0.11541E-06-0.11839E-06-0.53323E-21 0.16534E-06 55 -0.11471E-06-0.11780E-06-0.66697E-21 0.16443E-06 56 -0.11380E-06-0.11722E-06-0.80919E-21 0.16337E-06 57 -0.11269E-06-0.11663E-06-0.95942E-21 0.16217E-06 58 -0.11138E-06-0.11604E-06-0.11172E-20 0.16084E-06 59 -0.10989E-06-0.11545E-06-0.12820E-20 0.15939E-06 60 -0.10822E-06-0.11487E-06-0.14533E-20 0.15782E-06 61 -0.10639E-06-0.11428E-06-0.16308E-20 0.15613E-06 62 -0.10439E-06-0.11369E-06-0.18138E-20 0.15435E-06 63 -0.10225E-06-0.11311E-06-0.20020E-20 0.15247E-06 64 -0.99967E-07-0.11252E-06-0.21948E-20 0.15051E-06 65 -0.97550E-07-0.11193E-06-0.23918E-20 0.14848E-06 66 -0.95009E-07-0.11135E-06-0.25924E-20 0.14637E-06 67 -0.92352E-07-0.11076E-06-0.27963E-20 0.14421E-06 68 -0.89589E-07-0.11017E-06-0.30029E-20 0.14200E-06 69 -0.86727E-07-0.10959E-06-0.32117E-20 0.13975E-06 70 -0.83775E-07-0.10900E-06-0.34222E-20 0.13747E-06 71 -0.80742E-07-0.10841E-06-0.36341E-20 0.13518E-06 72 -0.77637E-07-0.10782E-06-0.38467E-20 0.13287E-06 73 -0.74467E-07-0.10724E-06-0.40597E-20 0.13056E-06 74 -0.71242E-07-0.10665E-06-0.42725E-20 0.12826E-06 ***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING ***** LOAD STEP= 1 SUBSTEP= 1 TIME= 1.0000 LOAD CASE= 0 THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN THE GLOBAL COORDINATE SYSTEM NODE UX UY UZ USUM 75 -0.67970E-07-0.10606E-06-0.44846E-20 0.12597E-06 76 -0.64660E-07-0.10548E-06-0.46956E-20 0.12372E-06 77 -0.61321E-07-0.10489E-06-0.49051E-20 0.12150E-06 78 -0.57960E-07-0.10430E-06-0.51124E-20 0.11932E-06 79 -0.54587E-07-0.10372E-06-0.53171E-20 0.11720E-06 80 -0.51210E-07-0.10313E-06-0.55188E-20 0.11514E-06 81 -0.47838E-07-0.10254E-06-0.57170E-20 0.11315E-06 82 -0.44479E-07-0.10195E-06-0.59112E-20 0.11123E-06 83 -0.41142E-07-0.10137E-06-0.61009E-20 0.10940E-06 84 -0.37836E-07-0.10078E-06-0.62856E-20 0.10765E-06 85 -0.34569E-07-0.10019E-06-0.64648E-20 0.10599E-06 86 -0.31349E-07-0.99607E-07-0.66382E-20 0.10442E-06 87 -0.28186E-07-0.99020E-07-0.68051E-20 0.10295E-06 88 -0.25088E-07-0.98433E-07-0.69651E-20 0.10158E-06 89 -0.22063E-07-0.97846E-07-0.71177E-20 0.10030E-06 90 -0.19121E-07-0.97259E-07-0.72625E-20 0.99121E-07 91 -0.16269E-07-0.96672E-07-0.73989E-20 0.98031E-07

92 0.62858E-09-0.72316E-09-0.13989E-22 0.95816E-09 93 0.10830E-08-0.16785E-08-0.48573E-22 0.19976E-08 94 0.13719E-08-0.28545E-08-0.10281E-21 0.31671E-08 95 0.15039E-08-0.42399E-08-0.17577E-21 0.44987E-08 96 0.14875E-08-0.58230E-08-0.26651E-21 0.60100E-08 97 0.13313E-08-0.75925E-08-0.37409E-21 0.77083E-08 98 0.10440E-08-0.95368E-08-0.49757E-21 0.95938E-08 99 0.63406E-09-0.11645E-07-0.63601E-21 0.11662E-07 100 0.11013E-09-0.13905E-07-0.78847E-21 0.13905E-07 101 -0.51920E-09-0.16305E-07-0.95402E-21 0.16313E-07 102 -0.12454E-08-0.18834E-07-0.11317E-20 0.18875E-07 103 -0.20597E-08-0.21481E-07-0.13206E-20 0.21580E-07 104 -0.29538E-08-0.24235E-07-0.15198E-20 0.24414E-07 105 -0.39188E-08-0.27083E-07-0.17283E-20 0.27365E-07 106 -0.49464E-08-0.30014E-07-0.19452E-20 0.30419E-07 107 -0.60278E-08-0.33017E-07-0.21695E-20 0.33563E-07 108 -0.71545E-08-0.36081E-07-0.24003E-20 0.36783E-07 109 -0.83178E-08-0.39193E-07-0.26368E-20 0.40066E-07 110 -0.95093E-08-0.42343E-07-0.28778E-20 0.43398E-07 111 -0.10720E-07-0.45519E-07-0.31226E-20 0.46764E-07 ***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING ***** LOAD STEP= 1 SUBSTEP= 1 TIME= 1.0000 LOAD CASE= 0 THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN THE GLOBAL COORDINATE SYSTEM NODE UX UY UZ USUM 112 -0.11942E-07-0.48709E-07-0.33701E-20 0.50152E-07 113 -0.13166E-07-0.51903E-07-0.36194E-20 0.53547E-07 114 -0.14384E-07-0.55088E-07-0.38696E-20 0.56935E-07 115 -0.15588E-07-0.58254E-07-0.41198E-20 0.60303E-07 116 -0.16767E-07-0.61388E-07-0.43689E-20 0.63637E-07 117 -0.17915E-07-0.64479E-07-0.46161E-20 0.66922E-07 118 -0.19022E-07-0.67517E-07-0.48605E-20 0.70145E-07 119 -0.20080E-07-0.70488E-07-0.51010E-20 0.73293E-07 120 -0.21080E-07-0.73383E-07-0.53367E-20 0.76351E-07 121 -0.22013E-07-0.76189E-07-0.55668E-20 0.79306E-07 122 -0.22872E-07-0.78895E-07-0.57902E-20 0.82144E-07 123 -0.23647E-07-0.81490E-07-0.60061E-20 0.84852E-07 124 -0.24330E-07-0.83962E-07-0.62134E-20 0.87416E-07 125 -0.24912E-07-0.86299E-07-0.64113E-20 0.89823E-07 126 -0.25385E-07-0.88491E-07-0.65989E-20 0.92060E-07 127 -0.25740E-07-0.90526E-07-0.67751E-20 0.94114E-07 128 -0.25969E-07-0.92391E-07-0.69390E-20 0.95972E-07 129 -0.26062E-07-0.94077E-07-0.70897E-20 0.97620E-07 130 -0.26011E-07-0.95571E-07-0.72263E-20 0.99048E-07 131 -0.25809E-07-0.96862E-07-0.73478E-20 0.10024E-06 132 -0.25445E-07-0.97939E-07-0.74532E-20 0.10119E-06 133 -0.24912E-07-0.98789E-07-0.75417E-20 0.10188E-06 134 -0.24201E-07-0.99402E-07-0.76124E-20 0.10231E-06 135 -0.23303E-07-0.99767E-07-0.76641E-20 0.10245E-06 136 -0.22210E-07-0.99871E-07-0.76961E-20 0.10231E-06 137 -0.20914E-07-0.99703E-07-0.77074E-20 0.10187E-06 138 -0.19404E-07-0.99252E-07-0.76970E-20 0.10113E-06 139 -0.17674E-07-0.98506E-07-0.76641E-20 0.10008E-06 140 -0.15714E-07-0.97454E-07-0.76076E-20 0.98713E-07 141 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 142 -0.13148E-07-0.93372E-07 0.46654E-10 0.94293E-07 143 -0.12778E-07-0.90522E-07 0.85309E-10 0.91420E-07 144 -0.12407E-07-0.87548E-07 0.11644E-09 0.88423E-07

145 -0.12035E-07-0.84462E-07 0.14051E-09 0.85315E-07 146 -0.11662E-07-0.81276E-07 0.15799E-09 0.82109E-07 147 -0.11288E-07-0.78003E-07 0.16936E-09 0.78816E-07 148 -0.10913E-07-0.74654E-07 0.17509E-09 0.75448E-07 ***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING ***** LOAD STEP= 1 SUBSTEP= 1 TIME= 1.0000 LOAD CASE= 0 THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN THE GLOBAL COORDINATE SYSTEM NODE UX UY UZ USUM 149 -0.10538E-07-0.71243E-07 0.17564E-09 0.72018E-07 150 -0.10162E-07-0.67780E-07 0.17148E-09 0.68538E-07 151 -0.97852E-08-0.64280E-07 0.16309E-09 0.65021E-07 152 -0.94080E-08-0.60753E-07 0.15094E-09 0.61477E-07 153 -0.90303E-08-0.57212E-07 0.13549E-09 0.57921E-07 154 -0.86523E-08-0.53670E-07 0.11722E-09 0.54363E-07 155 -0.82739E-08-0.50139E-07 0.96600E-10 0.50817E-07 156 -0.78952E-08-0.46630E-07 0.74097E-10 0.47294E-07 157 -0.75163E-08-0.43157E-07 0.50182E-10 0.43807E-07 158 -0.71373E-08-0.39731E-07 0.25326E-10 0.40367E-07 159 -0.67582E-08-0.36365E-07-0.31578E-20 0.36988E-07 160 -0.63792E-08-0.33072E-07-0.25326E-10 0.33681E-07 161 -0.60002E-08-0.29862E-07-0.50182E-10 0.30459E-07 162 -0.56213E-08-0.26749E-07-0.74097E-10 0.27334E-07 163 -0.52426E-08-0.23745E-07-0.96600E-10 0.24317E-07 164 -0.48642E-08-0.20863E-07-0.11722E-09 0.21422E-07 165 -0.44861E-08-0.18113E-07-0.13549E-09 0.18661E-07 166 -0.41085E-08-0.15510E-07-0.15094E-09 0.16045E-07 167 -0.37313E-08-0.13064E-07-0.16309E-09 0.13588E-07 168 -0.33546E-08-0.10789E-07-0.17148E-09 0.11300E-07 169 -0.29786E-08-0.86962E-08-0.17564E-09 0.91939E-08 170 -0.26032E-08-0.67984E-08-0.17509E-09 0.72818E-08 171 -0.22286E-08-0.51076E-08-0.16936E-09 0.55752E-08 172 -0.18547E-08-0.36363E-08-0.15799E-09 0.40850E-08 173 -0.14818E-08-0.23966E-08-0.14051E-09 0.28212E-08 174 -0.11097E-08-0.14008E-08-0.11644E-09 0.17909E-08 175 -0.73873E-09-0.66130E-09-0.85309E-10 0.99515E-09 176 -0.36879E-09-0.19027E-09-0.46654E-10 0.41760E-09 177 -0.11608E-06-0.11917E-06-0.21693E-10 0.16636E-06 178 -0.11577E-06-0.11857E-06-0.40930E-10 0.16571E-06 179 -0.11523E-06-0.11776E-06-0.57805E-10 0.16476E-06 180 -0.11447E-06-0.11677E-06-0.72414E-10 0.16352E-06 181 -0.11350E-06-0.11559E-06-0.84851E-10 0.16199E-06 182 -0.11232E-06-0.11423E-06-0.95209E-10 0.16021E-06 183 -0.11096E-06-0.11271E-06-0.10358E-09 0.15816E-06 184 -0.10941E-06-0.11102E-06-0.11007E-09 0.15588E-06 185 -0.10769E-06-0.10919E-06-0.11476E-09 0.15336E-06 ***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING ***** LOAD STEP= 1 SUBSTEP= 1 TIME= 1.0000 LOAD CASE= 0 THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN THE GLOBAL COORDINATE SYSTEM NODE UX UY UZ USUM 186 -0.10581E-06-0.10720E-06-0.11775E-09 0.15063E-06 187 -0.10377E-06-0.10509E-06-0.11914E-09 0.14768E-06 188 -0.10158E-06-0.10284E-06-0.11901E-09 0.14455E-06

189 -0.99257E-07-0.10048E-06-0.11747E-09 0.14124E-06 190 -0.96806E-07-0.98001E-07-0.11460E-09 0.13775E-06 191 -0.94237E-07-0.95420E-07-0.11051E-09 0.13411E-06 192 -0.91559E-07-0.92744E-07-0.10528E-09 0.13032E-06 193 -0.88781E-07-0.89980E-07-0.99019E-10 0.12641E-06 194 -0.85912E-07-0.87137E-07-0.91809E-10 0.12237E-06 195 -0.82962E-07-0.84223E-07-0.83749E-10 0.11822E-06 196 -0.79939E-07-0.81245E-07-0.74933E-10 0.11398E-06 197 -0.76854E-07-0.78212E-07-0.65456E-10 0.10965E-06 198 -0.73714E-07-0.75132E-07-0.55413E-10 0.10526E-06 199 -0.70531E-07-0.72013E-07-0.44897E-10 0.10080E-06 200 -0.67311E-07-0.68862E-07-0.34003E-10 0.96295E-07 201 -0.64066E-07-0.65689E-07-0.22826E-10 0.91758E-07 202 -0.60803E-07-0.62501E-07-0.11460E-10 0.87198E-07 203 -0.57533E-07-0.59306E-07 0.61979E-20 0.82627E-07 204 -0.54265E-07-0.56113E-07 0.11460E-10 0.78059E-07 205 -0.51007E-07-0.52928E-07 0.22826E-10 0.73506E-07 206 -0.47769E-07-0.49762E-07 0.34003E-10 0.68979E-07 207 -0.44560E-07-0.46621E-07 0.44897E-10 0.64491E-07 208 -0.41389E-07-0.43513E-07 0.55413E-10 0.60054E-07 209 -0.38266E-07-0.40447E-07 0.65456E-10 0.55680E-07 210 -0.35200E-07-0.37431E-07 0.74933E-10 0.51382E-07 211 -0.32200E-07-0.34473E-07 0.83749E-10 0.47172E-07 212 -0.29275E-07-0.31581E-07 0.91809E-10 0.43062E-07 213 -0.26435E-07-0.28762E-07 0.99019E-10 0.39065E-07 214 -0.23688E-07-0.26026E-07 0.10528E-09 0.35192E-07 215 -0.21044E-07-0.23380E-07 0.11051E-09 0.31456E-07 216 -0.18512E-07-0.20832E-07 0.11460E-09 0.27869E-07 217 -0.16102E-07-0.18391E-07 0.11747E-09 0.24444E-07 218 -0.13822E-07-0.16063E-07 0.11901E-09 0.21192E-07 219 -0.11682E-07-0.13859E-07 0.11914E-09 0.18126E-07 220 -0.96905E-08-0.11785E-07 0.11775E-09 0.15258E-07 221 -0.78575E-08-0.98491E-08 0.11476E-09 0.12600E-07 222 -0.61919E-08-0.80603E-08 0.11007E-09 0.10165E-07 ***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING ***** LOAD STEP= 1 SUBSTEP= 1 TIME= 1.0000 LOAD CASE= 0 THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN THE GLOBAL COORDINATE SYSTEM NODE UX UY UZ USUM 223 -0.47029E-08-0.64263E-08 0.10358E-09 0.79640E-08 224 -0.33998E-08-0.49551E-08 0.95209E-10 0.60100E-08 225 -0.22917E-08-0.36548E-08 0.84851E-10 0.43147E-08 226 -0.13880E-08-0.25335E-08 0.72414E-10 0.28897E-08 227 -0.69768E-09-0.15993E-08 0.57805E-10 0.17458E-08 228 -0.23011E-09-0.86028E-09 0.40930E-10 0.89146E-09 229 0.55198E-11-0.32448E-09 0.21693E-10 0.32525E-09 230 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 231 -0.11608E-06-0.11917E-06 0.21693E-10 0.16636E-06 232 -0.11577E-06-0.11857E-06 0.40930E-10 0.16571E-06 233 -0.11523E-06-0.11776E-06 0.57805E-10 0.16476E-06 234 -0.11447E-06-0.11677E-06 0.72414E-10 0.16352E-06 235 -0.11350E-06-0.11559E-06 0.84851E-10 0.16199E-06 236 -0.11232E-06-0.11423E-06 0.95209E-10 0.16021E-06 237 -0.11096E-06-0.11271E-06 0.10358E-09 0.15816E-06 238 -0.10941E-06-0.11102E-06 0.11007E-09 0.15588E-06 239 -0.10769E-06-0.10919E-06 0.11476E-09 0.15336E-06 240 -0.10581E-06-0.10720E-06 0.11775E-09 0.15063E-06 241 -0.10377E-06-0.10509E-06 0.11914E-09 0.14768E-06

242 -0.10158E-06-0.10284E-06 0.11901E-09 0.14455E-06 243 -0.99257E-07-0.10048E-06 0.11747E-09 0.14124E-06 244 -0.96806E-07-0.98001E-07 0.11460E-09 0.13775E-06 245 -0.94237E-07-0.95420E-07 0.11051E-09 0.13411E-06 246 -0.91559E-07-0.92744E-07 0.10528E-09 0.13032E-06 247 -0.88781E-07-0.89980E-07 0.99019E-10 0.12641E-06 248 -0.85912E-07-0.87137E-07 0.91809E-10 0.12237E-06 249 -0.82962E-07-0.84223E-07 0.83749E-10 0.11822E-06 250 -0.79939E-07-0.81245E-07 0.74933E-10 0.11398E-06 251 -0.76854E-07-0.78212E-07 0.65456E-10 0.10965E-06 252 -0.73714E-07-0.75132E-07 0.55413E-10 0.10526E-06 253 -0.70531E-07-0.72013E-07 0.44897E-10 0.10080E-06 254 -0.67311E-07-0.68862E-07 0.34003E-10 0.96295E-07 255 -0.64066E-07-0.65689E-07 0.22826E-10 0.91758E-07 256 -0.60803E-07-0.62501E-07 0.11460E-10 0.87198E-07 257 -0.57533E-07-0.59306E-07-0.70928E-20 0.82627E-07 258 -0.54265E-07-0.56113E-07-0.11460E-10 0.78059E-07 259 -0.51007E-07-0.52928E-07-0.22826E-10 0.73506E-07 ***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING ***** LOAD STEP= 1 SUBSTEP= 1 TIME= 1.0000 LOAD CASE= 0 THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN THE GLOBAL COORDINATE SYSTEM NODE UX UY UZ USUM 260 -0.47769E-07-0.49762E-07-0.34003E-10 0.68979E-07 261 -0.44560E-07-0.46621E-07-0.44897E-10 0.64491E-07 262 -0.41389E-07-0.43513E-07-0.55413E-10 0.60054E-07 263 -0.38266E-07-0.40447E-07-0.65456E-10 0.55680E-07 264 -0.35200E-07-0.37431E-07-0.74933E-10 0.51382E-07 265 -0.32200E-07-0.34473E-07-0.83749E-10 0.47172E-07 266 -0.29275E-07-0.31581E-07-0.91809E-10 0.43062E-07 267 -0.26435E-07-0.28762E-07-0.99019E-10 0.39065E-07 268 -0.23688E-07-0.26026E-07-0.10528E-09 0.35192E-07 269 -0.21044E-07-0.23380E-07-0.11051E-09 0.31456E-07 270 -0.18512E-07-0.20832E-07-0.11460E-09 0.27869E-07 271 -0.16102E-07-0.18391E-07-0.11747E-09 0.24444E-07 272 -0.13822E-07-0.16063E-07-0.11901E-09 0.21192E-07 273 -0.11682E-07-0.13859E-07-0.11914E-09 0.18126E-07 274 -0.96905E-08-0.11785E-07-0.11775E-09 0.15258E-07 275 -0.78575E-08-0.98491E-08-0.11476E-09 0.12600E-07 276 -0.61919E-08-0.80603E-08-0.11007E-09 0.10165E-07 277 -0.47029E-08-0.64263E-08-0.10358E-09 0.79640E-08 278 -0.33998E-08-0.49551E-08-0.95209E-10 0.60100E-08 279 -0.22917E-08-0.36548E-08-0.84851E-10 0.43147E-08 280 -0.13880E-08-0.25335E-08-0.72414E-10 0.28897E-08 281 -0.69768E-09-0.15993E-08-0.57805E-10 0.17458E-08 282 -0.23011E-09-0.86028E-09-0.40930E-10 0.89146E-09 283 0.55198E-11-0.32448E-09-0.21693E-10 0.32525E-09 284 -0.36879E-09-0.19027E-09 0.46654E-10 0.41760E-09 285 -0.73873E-09-0.66130E-09 0.85309E-10 0.99515E-09 286 -0.11097E-08-0.14008E-08 0.11644E-09 0.17909E-08 287 -0.14818E-08-0.23966E-08 0.14051E-09 0.28212E-08 288 -0.18547E-08-0.36363E-08 0.15799E-09 0.40850E-08 289 -0.22286E-08-0.51076E-08 0.16936E-09 0.55752E-08 290 -0.26032E-08-0.67984E-08 0.17509E-09 0.72818E-08 291 -0.29786E-08-0.86962E-08 0.17564E-09 0.91939E-08 292 -0.33546E-08-0.10789E-07 0.17148E-09 0.11300E-07 293 -0.37313E-08-0.13064E-07 0.16309E-09 0.13588E-07 294 -0.41085E-08-0.15510E-07 0.15094E-09 0.16045E-07

295 -0.44861E-08-0.18113E-07 0.13549E-09 0.18661E-07 296 -0.48642E-08-0.20863E-07 0.11722E-09 0.21422E-07 ***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING ***** LOAD STEP= 1 SUBSTEP= 1 TIME= 1.0000 LOAD CASE= 0 THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN THE GLOBAL COORDINATE SYSTEM NODE UX UY UZ USUM 297 -0.52426E-08-0.23745E-07 0.96600E-10 0.24317E-07 298 -0.56213E-08-0.26749E-07 0.74097E-10 0.27334E-07 299 -0.60002E-08-0.29862E-07 0.50182E-10 0.30459E-07 300 -0.63792E-08-0.33072E-07 0.25326E-10 0.33681E-07 301 -0.67582E-08-0.36365E-07-0.24718E-20 0.36988E-07 302 -0.71373E-08-0.39731E-07-0.25326E-10 0.40367E-07 303 -0.75163E-08-0.43157E-07-0.50182E-10 0.43807E-07 304 -0.78952E-08-0.46630E-07-0.74097E-10 0.47294E-07 305 -0.82739E-08-0.50139E-07-0.96600E-10 0.50817E-07 306 -0.86523E-08-0.53670E-07-0.11722E-09 0.54363E-07 307 -0.90303E-08-0.57212E-07-0.13549E-09 0.57921E-07 308 -0.94080E-08-0.60753E-07-0.15094E-09 0.61477E-07 309 -0.97852E-08-0.64280E-07-0.16309E-09 0.65021E-07 310 -0.10162E-07-0.67780E-07-0.17148E-09 0.68538E-07 311 -0.10538E-07-0.71243E-07-0.17564E-09 0.72018E-07 312 -0.10913E-07-0.74654E-07-0.17509E-09 0.75448E-07 313 -0.11288E-07-0.78003E-07-0.16936E-09 0.78816E-07 314 -0.11662E-07-0.81276E-07-0.15799E-09 0.82109E-07 315 -0.12035E-07-0.84462E-07-0.14051E-09 0.85315E-07 316 -0.12407E-07-0.87548E-07-0.11644E-09 0.88423E-07 317 -0.12778E-07-0.90522E-07-0.85309E-10 0.91420E-07 318 -0.13148E-07-0.93372E-07-0.46654E-10 0.94293E-07

MAXIMUM ABSOLUTE VALUES NODE 1 1 311 1 VALUE -0.11615E-06-0.11956E-06-0.17564E-09 0.16669E-06

1.6 Validate the simulation results with analytical results

Length = 500mm

Load = 1025N

Young’s modulus = 70000

Deflection:

y= P L3

3 EI

I = π /4(R14 - R24 )

I = 0.785(12.54-10.54 )

I = 9623.31

y= 1025× 5003

3 ×70000 × 9623.31

Y=63.40 mm

The maximum deflection occurs at the end of the rod  and was found to be 63.40 as shown above.

Stress:

σ=MyI

Now applying appropriate values in the above eqn’s. From above calculation we know that I=

9623.31mm

Here M= 1025

Y= 500 mm

σ=1025 × 500× 129623.1

σ=639 MPa

A load of 1025 N is applied in the downward vertical direction. So a model of Cantilever beam

could be chosen which would be more suitable to this problem.

Using Ansys we derive the following plots:

Deflection Plot

Deflection = 63. 642

From the above calculation we get a deflection value of 63.40, there is a very minute difference.

The error percentage is 0.38%.

Stress Plot

Von Mises Stress = 665.36 MPa

From analytical calculation we get a value of 639 MPa. We get an error percentage of 4.12 %.

This error may be due to the coarse mesh used in the analysis.