Behavior-Based Safety Behavior-Based Safety Behavior-Based Safety is a Behavior-Based Safety is a process that helps employees process that helps employees identify and choose a safe identify and choose a safe behavior over an unsafe one. behavior over an unsafe one.
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Behavior-Based SafetyBehavior-Based SafetyBehavior-Based Safety is a process Behavior-Based Safety is a process
that helps employees identify and that helps employees identify and choose a safe behavior over an choose a safe behavior over an unsafe one. unsafe one.
Basic Behavior PrinciplesBasic Behavior PrinciplesSafety in the workplace is a Safety in the workplace is a
combination of three measurable combination of three measurable components: the person, their components: the person, their environment, and their behavior.environment, and their behavior.
Only when these three elements are Only when these three elements are combined can workplace accidents combined can workplace accidents be eliminated.be eliminated.
Basic Behavior PrinciplesBasic Behavior PrinciplesThe person component consist of the The person component consist of the
employees:employees:• Physical capabilitiesPhysical capabilities• Experience, andExperience, and• TrainingTraining
Basic Behavior PrinciplesBasic Behavior PrinciplesThe work environment represents:The work environment represents:• Engineering Controls,Engineering Controls,• Equipment,Equipment,• Job task, andJob task, and• The work cultureThe work culture
Basic Behavior PrinciplesBasic Behavior Principles• The final, most often overlooked The final, most often overlooked
component is component is behaviorbehavior—what the —what the person does on the job.person does on the job.
The Behavior-Based Safety The Behavior-Based Safety ProcessProcessBehavior-based safety is based on four Behavior-based safety is based on four
key components: key components: • A behavioral observation and feedback A behavioral observation and feedback
process;process;• A formal review of observation data;A formal review of observation data;• Improvement goals, andImprovement goals, and• Reinforcement for improvement and Reinforcement for improvement and
goal attainment.goal attainment.
Behavioral Observation Behavioral Observation and Feedbackand FeedbackThis is one of the most important components of This is one of the most important components of
the process. Observations provide direct, the process. Observations provide direct, measurable information on employees’ safe measurable information on employees’ safe work practices.work practices.
• Employees are observed performing their Employees are observed performing their routine task. The observer documents both safe routine task. The observer documents both safe and unsafe behaviors. and unsafe behaviors.
• The employee is then provided positive The employee is then provided positive feedback on the safe behaviors and non-feedback on the safe behaviors and non-threatening feedback on the unsafe behaviors. threatening feedback on the unsafe behaviors. They are also provided with suggestions on They are also provided with suggestions on correcting the unsafe behaviors.correcting the unsafe behaviors.
Formal Review of Formal Review of Observation DataObservation DataThe data is then analyzed to determine The data is then analyzed to determine
the employee’s (or department’s) the employee’s (or department’s) improvement in safe behaviors. It can improvement in safe behaviors. It can be looked at as an overall percentage. be looked at as an overall percentage.
Example: If there were 20 items on the Example: If there were 20 items on the checklist and the worker performed 17 checklist and the worker performed 17 of them safely, then he would get a of them safely, then he would get a score of 85% safe.score of 85% safe.
Formal Review of Formal Review of Observation DataObservation DataThe improvement between The improvement between
observations could be graphed and observations could be graphed and displayed for employees to view. displayed for employees to view. When the graphs shows When the graphs shows improvement, it provides positive improvement, it provides positive reinforcing feedback to employees.reinforcing feedback to employees.
Improvement GoalsImprovement GoalsSetting improvement goals increases Setting improvement goals increases
the effectiveness of feedback and the effectiveness of feedback and the success of the behavior-based the success of the behavior-based safety process.safety process.
Improvement GoalsImprovement GoalsThese goals can take different forms, These goals can take different forms,
such as:such as:1.1. Percent safe goalsPercent safe goals2.2. Process goalsProcess goals3.3. Implementation goalsImplementation goals
Reinforcement for Improvement and Reinforcement for Improvement and Goal AttainmentGoal Attainment
Management must provide Management must provide immediate, positive feedback to immediate, positive feedback to reinforce safe behavior. Rewards reinforce safe behavior. Rewards can be an effective means of can be an effective means of reinforcing goal attainment.reinforcing goal attainment.
ResultsResults• Increased efficiencyIncreased efficiency• Increased productivityIncreased productivity• Increased moraleIncreased morale• Increase profitabilityIncrease profitability
Behavior-Based Safety (BBS)
•Method for changing industrial worker safety behaviors and outcomes
•Combines principles of:-Behavior modification-Quality management-Organization development
•Key elements:-Employee driven-Continuous improvement process-Focuses on changing behavior, not
accident/incidents
BBS Track Record:
•Implemented at more than 1,000 sites worldwide
•90% of companies adopting BBS continue
•Average 5-year incident/accident reduction: 62%
Total Safety CultureTotal Safety Culture
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENTEquipment, Tools, Machines,
Housekeeping, Climate, Management Systems
BEHAVIORPutting on PPE, Lifting properly, Following procedures,
Locking out power, Cleaning up spills,Sweeping floors, Coaching peers
PERSONPERSONKnowledge, Skills, Abilities,
Intelligence, Motives,Attitude, Personality SAFETYSAFETY
CULTURECULTURE
Focusing on Focusing on Behaviors Can Reduce Behaviors Can Reduce InjuriesInjuries
At-Risk Behavior
Near Miss
Minor Injury
Serious Injury
Fatality
The ABC ModelThe ABC Model Explains Why We Do What Explains Why We Do What We DoWe Do
Activators
Consequences
BBehaviorehaviorDirect
Motivate
The ABC ModelThe ABC ModelExplains Why People Explains Why People SpeedSpeed
SpeedingSpeedingBBehaviorehavior
AActivatorsctivatorsGuides or directs Guides or directs the behaviorthe behavior
CConsequencesonsequencesMotivatesMotivatesfuture occurrencesfuture occurrencesof the behaviorof the behavior
LateLate
Open Open road road
Sports Sports car car
Sunny Sunny day day
EmergencyEmergency
No No CopsCops Others areOthers are
SpeedingSpeeding
Police Police car car
Drivers Drivers Education Education
Speed Speed limit signs limit signs
Wear & TearWear & Tear
WreckWreckTicketTicket
PersonalPersonalInjuryInjury
WasteWasteGasGas
SaveSaveTimeTime
Fun!Fun!
PropertyPropertyDamageDamage
Direction Alone May Direction Alone May Not be Sufficient To Not be Sufficient To Maintain BehaviorMaintain Behavior
Some Consequences AreSome Consequences AreMore Powerful Than OthersMore Powerful Than Others
TheThe MOSTMOST effective consequences are:effective consequences are:• CertainCertain
There’s a high probability you’ll receive the There’s a high probability you’ll receive the consequenceconsequence
• SoonSoon The consequence occurs immediately after your The consequence occurs immediately after your
behaviorbehavior• SignificantSignificant
The consequence is significant or meaningful to youThe consequence is significant or meaningful to you
Some Consequences Some Consequences Weigh Weigh More Than OthersMore Than Others
Risky Behavior: You're late and you speed 20 MPH over limitConsequences: Save Time vs. Ticket
Save Time
Ticket
Unce
rtain
Soon
Sign
ifica
nt
Soon
Certa
in
Sign
ifica
nt
Identifying Problems and Identifying Problems and Potential SolutionsPotential Solutions
ABC Analysis helps us understand ABC Analysis helps us understand activators and consequences, and activators and consequences, and how they influence safety behavior.how they influence safety behavior.
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